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According to Maria Gjolberg
                 In ‘The origin of corporate social responsibility: global forces or national legacies?’




                                                                               Bruno Duarte
                                                                               Student no.
                                                                               110480032




Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting 2011                                          1
NEW RELATIONSHIP:
             STATE, MARKETS AND SOCIETY




              NEW ROLE OF THE PRIVATE
               SECTOR IN THE NATIONAL
                GLOBAL GOVERNANCE




CSRSR 2011                                2
   FINDING THE CAUSES AND ORIGINS OF CSR
    PERFORMANCE, EXPLORING:



             TWO
          HYPOTHESIS    Globalist


                        Institutionalist


                       CSRSR 2011           3
MOTIVATED BY GLOBALIZATION AND THE BUSINESS CASE FOR CSR



FAST GLOBALIZATION:                             DISSATISFACTION:

• social costs;                                 • anti-globalization;
•gaps of governance;                            • license to operate;




         > PROPORTION OF                 >   NUMBER      OF
         GLOBAL COMPANIES                COMPANIES IN   CSR


                            CSRSR 2011                                  4
NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS INFLUENCE AND MOLD THE ECONOMY
      THROUGH LEGAL, SOCIAL AND POLITIC FACTORS



                            Institutional embedding:

                            • divergent environments for companies;
                            • may differ for different activities/sectors;
                            • better embedding in the economy means
                            better CSR performance.




   > SOCIAL STATE                  > CSR SCORE
   STRENGTH                        OF COMPANIES


                      CSRSR 2011                                             5
METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES

•DATA AND VARIABLES’ CHOICE;
•INFORMATION COMPARABILITY;
•ANALYTICAL STRATEGY;



                       UNIVERSE

• OCCIDENTAL DEMOCRATIC COUNTRIES



                CSR CONCEPT/DEFINITION

•NORMATIVE    AND IDEOLOGICAL EXERCISE, NOT MERELY
 TECHNICAL.




                                           CSRSR 2011   6
DATA FROM COMPANIES IN THE DOMINANT
INTERNATIONAL CSR PERFORMANCE RANKINGS


                              DIVERSITY OF
                            COMPANIES AND
                                INDUSTRIES


               CSRSR 2011                    7
GROUP OF LEADERS IS DIVERSE




                      CAUSAL
                     COMPLEXITY




              MORE THAN A PATH TO CSR
                      SUCCESS




CSRSR 2011                                 8
   COUNTRIES WITH HIGH PROPORTION OF TNC’S*
                AND ‘OUTWARD FDI’* HAVE HIGH CSR SCORES
POSTULATE
                 *   Transnational corporations and Outward foreign direct investment




                                             CSRSR 2011                                 9
Almost
                 Low           sufficient   There must
CONFIRMS
            triangles are      condition,    be more
POSTULATE
                empty            but no       causes
                               necessary




                      CSRSR 2011                         10
   Countries that have high rates of Social, Corporatist
                and Political Culture, will have high CSR scores
POSTULATE




                                CSRSR 2011                              11
12
ACTIVE STATE
                    • Confirms postulate;
    (SOCIAL)

  ACTIVE STATE      • Non necessary nor sufficient condition;
(ENVIRONMENTAL)     • BUT, no country with a high ESI is non leader;


  CORPORATIST
                    • Non sufficient condition;
  INTEGRATION

                    • Confirms postulate;
POLITICAL CULTURE   • Non suficient condition;




                           CSRSR 2011                                  13
BOTH
EXPLAIN
                       SEVERAL
PART OF
                       CAUSES
  THE
SUCCESS




          CSRSR 2011             14
Causal combinations, even in contradictory ways, may
           generate the same outcome;

 Introduction of qualitative information and method
                     calibration;

 Half verbal-conceptual, half mathematic-analytical
                     approach;

  Allows to explore if combinations of variables are
                  sufficient causes.




                            CSRSR 2011                 15
5 VARIABLES IN 2 COMBINATIONS OBTAINED AS CONSISTENT;
Conssistency: how combinations of causes display the same outcome.




                           MULTIPLE     2 PATHS
                          CAUSALITY     TO CSR



                                 CSRSR 2011                          16
DIAGONAL SHOWS THE
                    PATH




              NORDIC CASE IS WELL
                 REPRESENTED




              UK, CAN, AUS, NOT
              REPRESENTED BY THIS
                  HYPOTHESIS




CSRSR 2011                          17
LACK OF CSR IS WELL
                  REPRESENTED

              LAGERS AT THE BOTTOM




                BELGIUM AND
                IRELAND ARE
             INCONSISTENT CASES




CSRSR 2011                           18
2 LEADERS NOT    COMPLEMENTARY
                  REPRESENTED         PATHS
3 INCONSISTENT
     CASES         CAN, AUS*       MULTIPLIING
                 (TNC AND ENV )      EFFECT



                   CSRSR 2011                     19
UNIVERSAL
               APLICATION

             COMBINATIONS OF
                FACTORS

                  LOCAL IS
                IMPORTANT

                POSITIVE OR
                 NEGATIVE
             INFLUENCE ON CSR
               BY COMPANIES

CSRSR 2011                      20
CSRSR 2011   21

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CSR Origins

  • 1. According to Maria Gjolberg In ‘The origin of corporate social responsibility: global forces or national legacies?’ Bruno Duarte Student no. 110480032 Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting 2011 1
  • 2. NEW RELATIONSHIP: STATE, MARKETS AND SOCIETY NEW ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN THE NATIONAL GLOBAL GOVERNANCE CSRSR 2011 2
  • 3. FINDING THE CAUSES AND ORIGINS OF CSR PERFORMANCE, EXPLORING: TWO HYPOTHESIS Globalist Institutionalist CSRSR 2011 3
  • 4. MOTIVATED BY GLOBALIZATION AND THE BUSINESS CASE FOR CSR FAST GLOBALIZATION: DISSATISFACTION: • social costs; • anti-globalization; •gaps of governance; • license to operate; > PROPORTION OF > NUMBER OF GLOBAL COMPANIES COMPANIES IN CSR CSRSR 2011 4
  • 5. NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS INFLUENCE AND MOLD THE ECONOMY THROUGH LEGAL, SOCIAL AND POLITIC FACTORS Institutional embedding: • divergent environments for companies; • may differ for different activities/sectors; • better embedding in the economy means better CSR performance. > SOCIAL STATE > CSR SCORE STRENGTH OF COMPANIES CSRSR 2011 5
  • 6. METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES •DATA AND VARIABLES’ CHOICE; •INFORMATION COMPARABILITY; •ANALYTICAL STRATEGY; UNIVERSE • OCCIDENTAL DEMOCRATIC COUNTRIES CSR CONCEPT/DEFINITION •NORMATIVE AND IDEOLOGICAL EXERCISE, NOT MERELY TECHNICAL. CSRSR 2011 6
  • 7. DATA FROM COMPANIES IN THE DOMINANT INTERNATIONAL CSR PERFORMANCE RANKINGS DIVERSITY OF COMPANIES AND INDUSTRIES CSRSR 2011 7
  • 8. GROUP OF LEADERS IS DIVERSE CAUSAL COMPLEXITY MORE THAN A PATH TO CSR SUCCESS CSRSR 2011 8
  • 9. COUNTRIES WITH HIGH PROPORTION OF TNC’S* AND ‘OUTWARD FDI’* HAVE HIGH CSR SCORES POSTULATE * Transnational corporations and Outward foreign direct investment CSRSR 2011 9
  • 10. Almost Low sufficient There must CONFIRMS triangles are condition, be more POSTULATE empty but no causes necessary CSRSR 2011 10
  • 11. Countries that have high rates of Social, Corporatist and Political Culture, will have high CSR scores POSTULATE CSRSR 2011 11
  • 12. 12
  • 13. ACTIVE STATE • Confirms postulate; (SOCIAL) ACTIVE STATE • Non necessary nor sufficient condition; (ENVIRONMENTAL) • BUT, no country with a high ESI is non leader; CORPORATIST • Non sufficient condition; INTEGRATION • Confirms postulate; POLITICAL CULTURE • Non suficient condition; CSRSR 2011 13
  • 14. BOTH EXPLAIN SEVERAL PART OF CAUSES THE SUCCESS CSRSR 2011 14
  • 15. Causal combinations, even in contradictory ways, may generate the same outcome; Introduction of qualitative information and method calibration; Half verbal-conceptual, half mathematic-analytical approach; Allows to explore if combinations of variables are sufficient causes. CSRSR 2011 15
  • 16. 5 VARIABLES IN 2 COMBINATIONS OBTAINED AS CONSISTENT; Conssistency: how combinations of causes display the same outcome. MULTIPLE 2 PATHS CAUSALITY TO CSR CSRSR 2011 16
  • 17. DIAGONAL SHOWS THE PATH NORDIC CASE IS WELL REPRESENTED UK, CAN, AUS, NOT REPRESENTED BY THIS HYPOTHESIS CSRSR 2011 17
  • 18. LACK OF CSR IS WELL REPRESENTED LAGERS AT THE BOTTOM BELGIUM AND IRELAND ARE INCONSISTENT CASES CSRSR 2011 18
  • 19. 2 LEADERS NOT COMPLEMENTARY REPRESENTED PATHS 3 INCONSISTENT CASES CAN, AUS* MULTIPLIING (TNC AND ENV ) EFFECT CSRSR 2011 19
  • 20. UNIVERSAL APLICATION COMBINATIONS OF FACTORS LOCAL IS IMPORTANT POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE INFLUENCE ON CSR BY COMPANIES CSRSR 2011 20