immunology by BOND king

1. BOND KING

2. Small gram- negative coco bacillary
organism(0.5-0.7um by 0.6-1.5 um)
In smear they occurs singly , in pairs or in
short chain.
Described as having the appearance of sand
Non-motile, strictly aerobic and catalase and
usually oxidase positive organisms.
Growth is often enhanced by the persence of
5% to 10% CO2 and requires complex media.

3. Human pathogens
1.Brucella melintensis
2.Brucia abortus
3.Brucella suis
4.Brucella canis
Clinical manifestation and pathogenesis
Brucella spp. Are intracellular parasite that
infect a wide range of animal species and have
also been found in some insect and ticks.

4. Preferential hosts are
* B.abortus – cattle(cows)
* B.melintensis – sheep and goat
* B.suis – swine (pig)
* B.canis – dogs

5. Human become infected by:-
1. Inhaling the organisms.
2. Direct infection with infected materials including
- Animal carcasses
- Fetal membrane
- vaginal discharges
- fetuses
- skin or mucous membrane
- ingestion of unpasturized milk or milk products
from infected animals

6. A common risk factor is consumption of
imported cheese made from unpasturized
goat’s milk
Local adenopathy often occurs with
dissemination and secondary localization in
the RES (reticulo endothelial system) and
formation of granulomas in the liver, spleen,
bone, genitourinary tract, lungs and soft tissue.
*Adenopathy (enlargement of glandular
tissue specially lymph nodes)

7. Organisms may be seen within phagocytes
Signs and symptoms are often variable and
non-specific, with chills, fever, sweats and
anorexia.
The fever is characteristically (dirulant)
undulant.

8.  Most often recovered from blood and bone marrow
and less often from material obtained from spleen and
liver abcesses.
 They grow on standard laboratory media.
- brucella
- blood
- chocolate
- trypticase soy agar
 Some strains will grow on mac conkey agar.
 Can be done serologically (1: 160)
 Recent brucellosis when a four fold or greater rise in
titer occurs during the first month or two of illness.

9. Treatment
Combination of
- tetracycline
- Aminoglycosidase
- rifampin
- trimetheoprin sulfamethoxazole (for prolonged
period of time).