1.
Sustainable Building
Technology
Dr. Ir. Christian Struck
1
BouwTex: Potential of textiles
for building renovation

2.
Context o GHG reduction initiatives (-49% CO2 emissions,
by 2030) lead to more stringent building energy
regulations.
o Localized renewable energy supply strategies
(potentially) lead to enhanced stress on energy
distribution networks.
Energy mix, 2010 (Source: Eurostat)
3

3.
Klimaatakkoord
Afspraken / informaties

4.
Afspraken / informatiesDwelling
stock in the
Netherlands
1,10 0,93
3,23
0,55
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
Only 0,4-1,2 % of the dwelling stock is
renovated each in the European Union.
Amount of dwellings (millions) per building type in
the Netherlands.
Det. Semi-det. Ter. Apart.

5.
… we do not have 100 years!
4

6.
Assembly line, process steps
Infographic + Lead Generation Model
1. Wood framing
2. Installation of studs
3. Installation of insulation
4. Placing windows
5. Addition of stone strips

7.
On-site data collection
Infographic + Lead Generation Model
• Two days on-site
• Six façade elements
• Three activity
categories:
• assembly,
• waiting,
• searching

8.
Challenges, parametrizing models
Infographic + Lead Generation Model
• Very diverse facade elements
• Workstations with one and two workers
• Limited measurements per activity and
process step
• Unexpected process interruptions

9.
Process steps (h:min:sec)
Model Framing Studs Insulation Windows Stone strips Total
1 02:42:00 01:58:00 02:13:00 01:55:30 05:30:00 14:18:30
2 02:42:00 01:58:00 02:13:00 01:55:30 8:48:30
3 02:33:50 01:52:00 02:06:30 01:54:15 8:26:35
4 02:37:00 01:51:00 02:07:30 01:46:30 8:22:00
5 02:13:50 01:45:00 02:01:00 01:45:15 7:45:05
6 02:13:50 01:45:00 02:01:00 01:45:15 05:30:00 13:15:05
7 02:13:50 01:45:00 02:01:00 01:45:15 01:00:00 8:45:05
Model parameters, average
Infographic + Lead Generation Model

10.
BM search & waiting time x 0.5,
plus stone strips (manually) / 16 h
Infographic + Lead Generation Model
Placing stone strips manually, 5:30 h per façade element, blocks continuous
production.

11.
BM search & waiting time x 0.5,
plus stone strips (robot) / 1880 h
Infographic + Lead Generation Model
Estimated production capacity employing a robot for placing stone
strips is 839 façade elements compared to 340 without robot, annually.
(Source: www.grootsneek.nl)

12.
National
intitiatives
Afspraken / informaties
• Energieakkoord / 6 sept. 2013
• Akkoord van Parijs / 12 dec. 2015
• De Bouwagenda / 28 maart 2017
• Introductie MPG 1.0 / 1 jan 2018
• Bouw Techniek & Innovatiecentrum / 4de kwartaal 2018
• Klimaatakkoord / 10 juli 2018 (1ste kwartaal 2019)
• Operationeel start BTIC / 1 mei 2019
• Energieprestatie van gebouwen (NTA 8800) / 1 juli 2020
• Oververhitting nieuwbouwwoningen / 1 juli 2020
• Wet Kwaliteitsborging / 1 jan 2021
• …

13.
Sustainable
Building
Technology
Dr. Ir. Christian Struck
Occupants
Building Services
13

14.
Field of tension Building use
Energy generation*,
storage*, distribution
and delivery (HVAC
systems)
Building
structure
Reducing energy consumption and increasing resource
efficiency requires an integrated systems approach!
4

15.
Design approaches change.
(Lysen, 1996)
[1996]
[2014] 1. Cutting the energy demand including the use of
designs, materials and equipment that are more efficient;
2. Produce energy locally from renewable and otherwise
wasted resources;
3. Using smart grids generating a surplus in some
buildings and feeding it into the grid.
15(WBCSD, 2014)

16.
System definitions for energy-positive
buildings evolve.
Type 1: Annually generated energy (QR) equals or exceeds the buildings
demand (QD). The demand includes energy used for providing domestic hot
water (QDHW), space heating (QH), ventilation QV, as well as small power and
electrical equipment (QSP).
QR = QD = QDHW+ QH+QV+QSP (1)
Type 2: As type 1 but the demand additionally includes the embodied energy
for the building over its life cycle (QEM).
QR = QD = QDHW+ QH+QV+QSP+QEM (2)
Type 3: As type 2 but the demand also includes the energy required for user
induced mobility.
QR = QD = QDHW+ QH+QV+QSP+QEM+QMob (3)

17.
… there are new building performance
indicators in development!
4

18.
Smart Readiness Indicator
18
Facilitate a greater uptake of smart technologies is
expected to result in significant energy savings in a cost-
effective way, while helping to improve comfort and
occupant satisfaction and enabling buildings to play a key
role in smart energy systems.

19.
Smart Readiness
19
The flexibility of a building's overall electricity
demand, including its ability to enable
participation in active and passive as well as
implicit and explicit demand-response, in
relation to the grid, for example through
flexibility and load shifting capacities.
Aspect 1: Building – Grid interaction

20.
Smart Readiness
20
The ability to maintain energy efficiency,
performance and operation of the building
through the adaptation of energy consumption
for example through use of energy from
renewable sources
Aspect 2: Energy management

21.
Smart Readiness
21
The buildings ability to adapt its operation mode
in response to the needs of the occupant
paying due attention to the availability of user-
friendliness, maintaining healthy indoor climate
conditions and ability to report on energy use
Aspect 3: Building - User Interaction

22.
22
How do we communicate with the user?
?

23.
23
…from data to knowledge
(Judelmann [2004])

24.
Performance pattern recognition
Rel. productivity C5: 1. Jan – 31 Dec. 2011
Temperature differential C5: Room temp. to opt. 21.75oC
00:00
08:00
12:00
16:00
20:00
24:00
04:00
00:00
08:00
12:00
16:00
20:00
24:00
04:00
4
(Struck et al. [2012] )

25.
25
…MOA model, adapted …
(Ölander and Folke [1995], Artho et al. [2012] )

26.
26
Dynamische toestandsvisualisatie (1/2)
Biomimicry: Communicatie van verbruiksgegevens en
ruimtoestandsgrootheden.

27.
27
Interactive data-communication network,
prototype
Finale prototype actieve en passieve communicatie van
ruimtoestandsgrootheden.
Ruimtes
1-3

28.
We are able to set-up and operate
prototypical systems, but…

29.
29
(Hulin et al. Eur Respir J 2012; 40: 1033–1045)
Indoor air
pollution

30.
30
(Hulin et al. Eur Respir J 2012; 40: 1033–1045)
Indoor air
pollution

31.
Response to
health risks
31
(Salthammer, Assessing Human Exposure to Organic Pollutants in the
Indoor Environment, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 12228 – 12263)

32.
Indoor air
chemistry
32

33.
33
1. Lightweight
2. Easy to transport and install
3. Great potential for system integration (sensors,
actuators, means of communication …)
4. Can be engineered to many different
requirements
5. Use of recycled material
6. Use as filter material (gases / fluids)
7. Carrier for reactive substances
8. Industrial production
9. Low-cost
Advantages of
using textiles in
construction

34.
34
- Installation with / for optimized heat transfer
- Weather resistivity
- Application of glues and impact on indoor
environmental quality
- Resistance to thermal and mechanical forces
(high and low temperature's [fire], wind,
vandalism)
- Resistance to unwanted chemical reactions
Challenges for
the application
of textiles

35.
SBT
applied research Building as a product.
35
Customized
Energy management system
Enhanced well-being
Semi-autonomous

36.
Data as starting point.
36
Design
Manufacturing proces
Performance assessment
Smart-home services
SBT
applied research

37.
Sustainable Building
Technology
Dr. Ir. Christian Struck
37
BouwTex: Potential of textiles
for building renovation