Swine flu & concept explained easily

2. Swine Flu Awareness Program

3. What is Swine Flu?
 Swine influenza refers to influenza caused by those
strains of influenza virus, called swine influenza virus
(SIV), that usually infect (is endemic in) pigs
 Flu viruses are always changing, and new strains
emerge every year. The current swine influenza A H1N1
virus is one of these
 Swine influenza is common in pigs in the Midwestern
United States (and occasionally in other states), Mexico,
Canada, South America, Europe (including the United
Kingdom, Sweden, and Italy), Kenya, Mainland China,
Taiwan, Japan and other parts of eastern Asia and now
spreading in India.

4. What is Swine Flu?
• Transmission of swine influenza virus from pigs
to humans is not common and does not always
cause human influenza, often only resulting in
the production of antibodies in the blood.
• The meat of the animal poses no risk of
transmitting the virus when properly cooked. If
transmission does cause human influenza, it is
called zoonotic swine flu.

5. • The 2009 flu outbreak in humans, known
as "swine flu", is due to a new strain of
influenza A virus subtype H1N1 that
contains genes closely related to swine
influenza. The origin of this new strain is
unknown

6. History
• 1918 pandemic in humans1918 pandemic in humans
• 1976 U.S. outbreak1976 U.S. outbreak
• 1988 zoonosis1988 zoonosis
• 1998 US outbreak in swine1998 US outbreak in swine
• 2007 Philippine outbreak in swine2007 Philippine outbreak in swine
• 2009 outbreak in humans2009 outbreak in humans

7. Transmission between pigs
• Influenza is quite common in pigs, with about half of
breeding pigs having been exposed to the virus in the US.
Antibodies to the virus are also common in pigs in other
countries.
• The main route of transmission is through direct contact
between infected and uninfected animals. These close
contacts are particularly common during animal transport.
• The direct transfer of the virus probably occurs either by pigs
touching noses, or through dried mucus. Airborne
transmission through the aerosols produced by pigs
coughing or sneezing are also an important means of
infection..

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11. Prevention in swine:
Methods of preventing the spread of
influenza among swine include facility
management, herd management, and
vaccination. Because much of the
illness and death associated with swine
flu involves secondary infection by other
pathogens, control strategies that rely
on vaccination may be insufficient.
Prevention

12. Prevention in humans
Prevention of pig to human transmission
• Swine can be infected by both avian and human
influenza strains of influenza, and therefore are
hosts where the antigenic shifts can occur that
create new influenza strains.
• Use a face mask when dealing with infected
animals. The use of vaccines on swine to
prevent their infection is a major method of
limiting swine to human transmission. Risk
factors that may contribute to swine-to-human
transmission include smoking and not wearing
gloves when working with sick animals.

13. Prevention of human to human transmission
• Influenza spreads between humans through coughing or
sneezing and people touching something with the virus on
it and then touching their own nose or mouth.
• Swine flu cannot be spread by pork products, since
the virus is not transmitted through food.
• The swine flu in humans is most contagious during the first
five days of the illness although some people, most
commonly children, can remain contagious for up to ten
days.
• Diagnosis can be made by sending a specimen, collected
during the first five days for analysis.

14. General Precautions
• Frequent hand washing
• Covering coughs and sneezes
• Avoidance of crowded settings when
possible
• Advising ill persons to stay home (except
to seek medical care) and minimize
contact with others in household
• Voluntary home quarantine of members of
households with confirmed or probable
swine influenza cases

15. When contact is unavoidable…
• Consider Facemasks (disposable, single use
masks) for persons who enter crowded settings
• Consider Respirators (N95 or higher filtering
face piece respirator) for persons who have
unavoidable close contact with infectious
person
• No clear scientific evidence regarding the
effectiveness of facemasks and respirators
in protecting against influenza

16. Treatment
In swine
• As swine influenza is rarely fatal to pigs, little treatment
beyond rest and supportive care is required. Instead
veterinary efforts are focused on preventing the spread
of the virus throughout the farm, or to other farms.
• Vaccination and animal management techniques are
most important in these efforts.
• Antibiotics are also used to treat this disease, which
although they have no effect against the influenza virus,
do help prevent bacterial pneumonia and other
secondary infections in influenza-weakened herds.

17. Chemoprophylaxis Treatment
• Pre-exposure –
Treat during exposure period and for 10 days
after last known exposure to ill confirmed case of
swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection
• Post-exposure –
Treat for 10 days after last known exposure to ill
confirmed case of swine influenza A (H1N1)
virus infection

18. • If a person becomes sick with swine flu,
antiviral drugs can make the illness
milder and make the patient feel better
faster. They may also prevent serious flu
complications. For treatment, antiviral
drugs work best if started soon after
getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms).
Beside antiviral, palliative care, at home or
in hospital, focuses on controlling fevers
and maintaining fluid balance.

19. Antiviral
• ANTIVIRAL:
• One of the ways to lessen the symptoms
of pandemic flu is to treat infected people
with antiviral medicines, which have been
used against the current swine flu.
However, the drugs must be administered
at an early stage to be effective.
• Testing has shown that the swine flu can
be treated with the antiviral medicines
oseltamavir (brand name Tamiflu) and
zanamivir (Relenza).

20. How do Antiviral helps?
• Antiviral will help to:
• reduce the length of time you are ill by
around one day
• relieve some of the symptoms
• reduce the potential for serious
complications such as pneumonia

21. Vaccination
• No vaccine available to protect
humans from swine flu
• Vaccine for human seasonal
influenza does not protect
against H1N1 swine flu viruses
due to antigenic differences, but
may provide partial protection
against swine H3N2 virus

22. Government Authorized
Treatment centers for Swine Flu
City Hospital Address Contact
King Institute of Preventive Medicine (24/7 Service) Guindy, Chennai – 32 (044) 22501520, 22501521 & 22501522
Communicable Diseases Hospital Thondiarpet, Chennai (044) 25912686/87/88, 9444459543
Chenna
i
Government General Hospital Opp. Central Railway Station, Chennai – 03 (044) 25305000, 25305723, 25305721, 25330300
Naidu Hospital
Nr Le'Meridian, Raja Bahadur Mill, GPO, Pune –
01
(020) 26058243
Pune National Institute of Virology 20A Ambedkar Road, Pune – 11 (020) 26006290
Kolkata ID Hospital 57,Beliaghata, Beliaghata Road, Kolkata - 10 (033) 23701252
Coimba
tore
Government General Hospital
Near Railway Station,
Trichy Road, Coimbatore – 18
(0422) 2301393, 2301394, 2301395, 2301396
Hydera
bad
Govt. General and Chest Diseases Hospital, Erragadda, Hyderabad (040) 23814939
Kasturba Gandhi Hospital
Arthur Road, N M Joshi Marg, Jacob Circle,
Mumbai - 11
(022) 23083901, 23092458, 23004512
Sir J J Hospital J J Marg, Byculla, Mumbai - 08
(022) 23735555, 23739031, 23760943, 23768400 / 23731144 / 5555 /
23701393 / 1366

23. Mumbai Haffkine Institute Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai – 12 (022) 24160947, 24160961, 24160962
Government Medical College Gandhi Nagar P O, Kottayam - 08 (0481) 2597311,2597312
Government Medical College Vandanam P O, Allapuzha - 05 (0477) 2282015
Taluk Hospital Railway Station Road, Alwaye, Ernakulam (0484) 2624040 Sathyajit - 09847840051
Kochi Taluk Hospital Perumbavoor PO, Ernakulam 542 (0484) 2523138 Vipin - 09447305200
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
Ansari Nagar, Aurobindo Marg Ring Road,
New Delhi – 29
(011) 26594404, 26861698 Prof. R C Deka - 9868397464
National Institute for Communicable Diseases
22, Sham Nath Marg,
New Delhi – 54
(011) 23971272/060/344/524/449/326
Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital
Kharak Singh Marg,
New Delhi – 01
(011) 23741640, 23741649, 23741639
Dr. N K Chaturvedi – 9811101704
Gurgaon &
Delhi
Vallabhai Patel Chest Institute University Enclave, New Delhi- 07 (011) 27667102, 27667441, 27667667, 27666182
Victoria Hospital K R Market, Kalasipalayam, Bangalore – 02 (080) 26703294 Dr. Gangadhar - 94480-49863
Bangalore
SDS Tuberculosis & Rajiv Gandhi Institute of
Chest Diseases
Hosur Road, Hombegowda Nagar, Bangalore
– 29
(080) 26631923 Dr. Shivaraj - 99801-48780
Government Authorized Treatment
centers for Swine Flu

24. BE AWARE…
Prevention is better than
CURE