This slide explains about the basic of Smart Grid. I presented this during the third year of my Engineering. (The animations might not work here)

1. Smart Grid Technology

2. A Seminar on
Smart Grid
By:
Dilip Kumar Singh, Roll: 35
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
Supreme Knowledge Foundations Group of Instuitions
Mankundu, Hooghly
4 April, 2014

3. Contents
 Introduction
 Energy Demand
 India: Energy Challenge
 India: Craving out Opportunity
 Major incidents and lesson learned
 Why Smart Grid?
 Know your Smart Grid
 Operation
 Technology
 Smart Meters
 Components
 Getting the Concept
 Functionality
 Future
 Security
 Advantages and Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 Reference
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4. Introduction
Many countries and electricity markets are looking at
Smart Grid as advanced solutions in:
delivering mix of enhanced values ranging from higher
security
reliability and power quality
lower cost of delivery
demand optimization and energy efficiency.
Its advanced capabilities - demand optimization, delivery
efficiency and renewable energy optimization will lead to lower
carbon footprint and overall lower energy cost and investment in
energy related infrastructure.
It is to ensure sustainable development in the electricity sector

5. ENERGY DEMAND
 2009, energy demand is 16,132 MW, compared to 10 years before the
demand of electricity is just 9690 MW.
 This rapid increase in demand is due to the high economic development rate
 For the last 30 years, average percentage increases of electricity is 9.2 %
yearly

6. India: Energy Challenges
404 million people in India currently do not have access to electricity.
- International Energy Agency
 Indian Electricity generation in 2010 was 162
gigawatts, and is predicted to rise seven to ten
percent until 2018. By 2032, energy generation
is expected to be 800 gigawatts
 These supply gaps exacerbate the lack of
consistent, comprehensive electric service to
citizens as just under half of India’s rural
population is not connected to the grid.
 Technical issues also plague India’s grid, and line
losses are averaging 26 percent with some
states as high as 62 percent. When the country’s
widespread electrical theft is factored in,
transmission line losses average 50 percent.
 Thermal efficiency in Indian coal plants also lags
at 27 percent compared to 37 percent in the
West.
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7. India: Carving Out Opportunity
Smart grid is not a luxury [in India], it’s a necessity.
- P. Uma Shankar (India Secretary of Power)
 India recently launching Smart Grid Forum coupled with
$900B in investment planned for generation, transmission,
distribution and power quality, this nation is set for massive
growth.
 Research indicates that in 2015 India’s smart grid market will
be $1.9 billion. Further, country’s basic electrical infrastructure
needs will grow beyond that, totalling $5.9 billion in the same
year.
 Artificial shortage scenario.
 Smart grid technologies can enable utilities to employ demand
response mechanism, curtailing power at the time of
shortages and helping avoid blackouts
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8. Gujarat to get India’s first smart grid
-Times of India
 AHMEDABAD: Like cell-phone users, people may be
able to pick a plan for electricity consumption.
 The Uttar Gujarat Company Ltd (UGVCL) will roll out
India's first modernized electrical grid, or the smart
grid in north Gujarat by April 2014
 New meters embedded with SIM cards will be
installed in 20,000 residential and industrial units to
monitor data every 15 minutes on how a particular
consumer uses power.
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9. MAJOR INCIDENTS AND LESSON LEARNED
 Southern Brazil, March 1999
The biggest ever blackout at the time, the Southern Brazil power
outage saw as many as 97 million people lose power after
lightning struck an electricity substation in Baura, Sao Paulo
Northeast
 America and Canada, August 2003
More than 55 million people were without power for up to two
days in Ontario and north-eastern US states. At the time, this was
the second most widespread blackout in history.
 Tokyo, August 2006
After a floating crane broke a transmission line across the Edo
River, more than 1.3 million people were left without energy in
the Tokyo Metropolitan Area.
 South East London and Kent, July 2009
After vandals deliberately caused a fire near a cable installation,
more than 100,000 homes in areas of South East London and Kent
lost power. Due to the nature of the cable it wasn’t a quick fix, and
around half the homes were without power for four days
 India, July 2012
The world’s biggest electricity outage to date, this catastrophic
power failure in northern India left 620 million people (that’s 9%
of the world’s population!) without power
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10. Why SMART GRID ?
 Smart control of Energy Demand
 Reduce emitting green house
gaseous (GHG)
 Increase Power Quality
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11. Know your Smart Grid
 An intelligent electricity- delivery system utilizing digital technology.
 energy suppliers, distributor and consumers: interconnect through a
network
 Its delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital
communications
 A key feature of the smart grid is automation technology that lets the utility
adjust and control each individual device or millions of devices from a
central location.
 Smart meters:
 monitor energy consumption
 transmit that information back to energy providers
 Energy providers :
 track energy consumption
 automatically throttle down energy consumption on a granular level
when demand gets too high.
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12. Understanding the Concept
 The basic concept of Smart Grid is to add monitoring,
analysis, control, and communication capabilities to
the national electricity delivery system.
 This in turn can maximize the output of equipment,
help utilities lower costs, improve reliability, decrease
interruptions, and reduce energy consumption.
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13. 13

14. Operation
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15. Technology
 Integrated communications
 Some communications are up to date, but are non uniform In most cases, data is being
collected via modem rather than direct network connection.
 Areas for improvement include: substation automation, demand response, distribution
automation, and fiber-optics.
 Integrated communications will allow for real-time control, information and data exchange
to optimize system reliability, asset utilization, and security
Sensing and measurement
Core duties are evaluating congestion and grid stability, monitoring equipment health,
energy theft prevention, and control strategies support.
 Technologies include:
 Advanced microprocessor meters
 Wide-area monitoring systems
 Electromagnetic signature measurement/analysis
 Time-of-use and real-time pricing tools
 Advanced switches and cables
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16. Smart meters
 Measure electricity, remotely switch the customer’s
power supply off/on individual appliances based on
demand response.
 It can remotely control electricity consumption to
maximise energy efficiency and load balancing.
 Smart meters consist of two units:
 The metering device, which is in the custody of the
distribution or utility company
 Display unit that is at the consumer’s place.
 These meters can detect unusually heavy demand, which
may point to tapping of wires.
 Smart meters can also be used to shut off service to a
defaulters household
 Loss due to electricity theft
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17. Innovations in superconductivity, fault tolerance, storage, power electronics, and
diagnostics components are changing fundamental abilities and characteristics of grids.
Technologies within these broad R&D categories include:
Flexible alternating current transmission system devices
High voltage direct current
First and second generation superconducting wire
High temperature superconducting cable
Distributed energy generation and storage devices
Composite conductors, and “intelligent” appliances
Advanced components

18. FUNCTIONALITY
A Smart Grid must functions as followings
 Be able to heal itself
 Motivate consumers to actively participate in operations of
the grid
 Resist attack
 Accommodate all energy generation and storage options
 High quality power
 Optimize asset to run more efficiently
 Enable high penetration of intermittent generation sources
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19. Security
 With the advent of cybercrime there is also concern on the security of the
infrastructure, primarily that involving communications technologies.
 Capabilities could be exploited for criminal or even terrorist actions.
 The ability to remotely switch off power supplies, enabling utilities to quickly and easily
cease or modify supplies to customers who default on payment.
 Aside from computer infiltration, there are also concerns that computer malwares could
be used to attack a smart grid network.
 People with knowledge of electronics can devise interference devices to cause the
smart meter to report lower than actual usage.
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20. SMART GRID FUTURE
 In the near future, will not be any vast
development
 Risky because of financial demands and
regulations
 In the long-run, attitudes will change, wide
spread usage of the smart grid from every
business to every home just like the Internet
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21. Advantages
 Reduces the cost of blackouts
 Helps measure and reduce energy consumption and costs
 Reduce their carbon footprint
 Handle peak-demand better
 Enable time of day metering with remote monitoring
 Reduce Distribution losses
 Opens up new opportunities for tech companies meaning more jobs created!
 Allows energy companies to track areas of high use, identify possible outages, and
provide the proper service.
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22. Drawbacks
 Biggest concern: security and privacy
 Some types of meters can be hacked, These hackers:
 Gain control of thousands, even millions, of meters
 Increase or decrease the demand for power
 Smart Grid: use
 Automated meters,
 Two-way communications: between a power consumer and provider
 Advanced sensors
 Not simply a single component
 Various technology components:
 Software, the power generators, system integrators, etc.
 Concern that complex rate systems (e.g. variable rates) remove clarity and accountability,
allowing the supplier to take advantage of the customer
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23. Conclusion
Smart Grid technology provides opportunity to enhance the existing grid
and preventing reoccurrences of major incidents.
Smart Grid technologies can improve the reliability, security, and
efficiency of current electrical grid.
Intelligent devices can automatically adjust to changing conditions to
prevent blackouts and increase capacity.

24. References
[1]www.zpryme.com
[2]www.smartgridresearch.org
[3]www.wikipedia.com/Smart Grid
[4]www.youtube.com/ScientificAmerica
[5]www.smart grid.org
[6]”India Smart Grid Legacy” A report by Zpryme’s Smart Grid Insights
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25. Thanks for your Patience :)
(Dilip Singh, ECE, 35)
4 April, 2014 25