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Bosnian Conflict Background for Film
1. BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE BOSNIAN
CONFLICT
Background Information for the film “No Man’s Land”
2. YUGOSLAVIA BREAKS UP
•
Yugoslavia – Created after World War I. Made up of many different ethnic and religious
groups.
•
In Jan. 1989 the Communist Party gave up its power as it couldn’t deal with the plunging
economy and surging nationalism.
•
May 1991 – Croatia and Slovenia declare independence from the Serbian dominated
Yugoslavia
3. Yugoslavia 1990
Hungarian – 1.9%
Montenegrin – 2.5%
Yugoslav – 5.4%
Macedonian – 5.9 %
Albanian – 7.7%
Slovene – 7.8%
Muslims Bosnian – 8.9 %
Croat- 19.7%
Serbs – 36.3%
Other – 3.9%
Are any groups close to being
the majority?
4. SERBIA WANTS REPATRIATE SERBIAN MINORITY
IN BOSNIA
•
To stop Bosnia- Herzegovina from leaving, Serbia offers to redraw territorial boundaries.
•
Muslim president of Bosnia rejects offer, saying it doesn’t offer any real power to Muslim
Bosnians.
•
Independence referendum is held.
• Serbs boycott the vote, but 90% of those who vote favor independence.
•
March 1992 – Bosnia-Herzegovina is independent
5. ETHNIC GROUPS FIGHT FOR CONTROL OF
BOSNIA
•
Bosnian Serbs who did not want to leave Yugoslavia rebel and armed struggle breaks out.
•
Major Groups: 40 % Bosnian Muslim, 30% Orthodox Christian Serbians, 18 % Catholic
Croats
•
Serbs, though not the majority, had better equipment and were back by the country of
Serbia.
•
Serbs eventually takes 2/3 of Bosnia and launch a reign of terror against Bosnians and
Croats including expulsion, concentration camps, and genocide.
6.
7. INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION
•
1994 UN becomes involved, initially using airpower to support the Bosnians. UN also
brought in peace keeping troops which participated when attacked by Serbs.
•
1994 – US lifts arms embargo against Bosnia, allowing them greater access to weapons.
9. MINE USAGE
•
During this war numerous landmines, originating mostly from the former Yugoslavian
People’s Army, were deployed to secure borders and to restrict enemy movement.
•
Some areas have been mined after the war; mostly to prevent the return of refugees .
•
Minefields can still be found across most parts of the country, since they were laid along
conflict lines that often changed
10. •
RECAP
When was Yugoslavia created?
•
When did countries start to leave Yugoslavia?
•
How do Bosnian Serbs react to independence?
•
What is genocide?
•
What assistance did the UN offer?
