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intellectual   disabilities
Mental retardation is a concept that developed
with history. It has changed through time in
its nature and in its significance.
                                      --Blatt (1987)
early   history
         seguin
           itard
early    history
            isolation
 institutionalization




        Georgia Mental Health Institute
eugenics




   Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.
eugenics
…Besides, if these feeble-minded children were early selected and carefully
trained, they would become more or less self-supporting in their institutions, so
that the expense of their maintenance would be greatly reduced
(Goddard, 1912).




                                       henry herbert goddard
eugenics



 1924 Immigration Act
                       “America must remain American”
                                        Calvin Coolidge
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.
competing      terms




mental retardation vs. intellectual disabilities
IDEiA   definition
“significantly      sub-average      intellectual
functioning, existing concurrently with deficits
in adaptive behavior and manifested during
the developmental period, that adversely
affects a child’s educational performance.”



Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.
IDEiA   definition
mild           50 – 70/75

moderate               35-50
severe               20 - 35
profound           below 20
prevalence     rates
1% school population
majority male (56%)
Over-representation: African-American Students




                                 Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.
causes
psychosocial
   genetic
environmental
characteristics
      learning difficulty
         social skills
      adaptive behavior
          attention
           memory
        generalization

     speech / language
               Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.
multimodal
assessment


    Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.
instructional   approaches
think aloud model                       academic skills
advance organizers          functional curriculum
generalization                          life skills
inclusion opportunity?        self-determination
                                   self-advocacy
direct instruction
                      community-based instruction
                 transition planning
                 explicit instruction
                  student-centered
instructional   environment
play / communication area        quiet areas
                       natural environments
job skills area
                      carrels, tables, desks
                  room facilitates movement
                    grouping arrangements?
                        location of materials
                  flexible class arrangement
use of   technology
adapts to curriculum
  removes barriers
addresses specific need


                 Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.

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Intellectual Disabilities

  • 1. intellectual disabilities
  • 2. Mental retardation is a concept that developed with history. It has changed through time in its nature and in its significance. --Blatt (1987)
  • 3. early history seguin itard
  • 4. early history isolation institutionalization Georgia Mental Health Institute
  • 5. eugenics Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.
  • 6. eugenics …Besides, if these feeble-minded children were early selected and carefully trained, they would become more or less self-supporting in their institutions, so that the expense of their maintenance would be greatly reduced (Goddard, 1912). henry herbert goddard
  • 7. eugenics 1924 Immigration Act “America must remain American” Calvin Coolidge Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.
  • 8. competing terms mental retardation vs. intellectual disabilities
  • 9. IDEiA definition “significantly sub-average intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.” Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.
  • 10. IDEiA definition mild 50 – 70/75 moderate 35-50 severe 20 - 35 profound below 20
  • 11. prevalence rates 1% school population majority male (56%) Over-representation: African-American Students Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.
  • 12. causes psychosocial genetic environmental
  • 13. characteristics learning difficulty social skills adaptive behavior attention memory generalization speech / language Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.
  • 14. multimodal assessment Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.
  • 15. instructional approaches think aloud model academic skills advance organizers functional curriculum generalization life skills inclusion opportunity? self-determination self-advocacy direct instruction community-based instruction transition planning explicit instruction student-centered
  • 16. instructional environment play / communication area quiet areas natural environments job skills area carrels, tables, desks room facilitates movement grouping arrangements? location of materials flexible class arrangement
  • 17. use of technology adapts to curriculum removes barriers addresses specific need Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.
  • 18. Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.