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25 sayings grammar practice
- 1. Lesson 25 Pluperfect Subjunctive Active and Passive
- 2. Recitation ♦model verbs 6 tenses active and passive
- 3. amo amare amavi amatus Present amo amamus amas amatis amat amant Imperfect amabam amabamus amabas amabatis amabat amabant Future amabo amabimus amabis amabitis amabit amabunt
- 4. amo amare amavi amatus Perfect amavi amavimus amavisti amavistis amavit amaverunt Pluperfect amaveram amaveramus amaveras amaveratis amaverat amaverant Future Perfect amavero amaverimus amaveris amaveritis amaverit amaverint
- 5. amo amare amavi amatus Present amor amamur amaris amamini amatur amantur Imperfect amabar amabamur amabaris amabamini amabatur amabantur Future amabor amabimur amaberis amabimini amabitur amabuntur
- 6. amo amare amavi amatus Perfect amatus –a –um, sum amati –ae –a, sumus es estis est sunt Pluperfect amatus –a –um, eram amati –ae –a, eramus eras eratis erat erant Future Perfect amatus –a –um, ero amati –ae –a, erimus eris eritis erit erunt
- 7. moneo monēre monui monitus Present moneo monemus mones monetis monet monent Imperfect monebam monebamus monebas monebatis monebat monebant Future monebo monebimus monebis monebitis monebit monebunt
- 8. moneo monēre monui monitus Perfect monui monuimus monuisti monuistis monuit monuerunt Pluperfect monueram monueramus monueras monueratis monuerat monuerant Future Perfect monuero monuerimus monueris monueritis monuerit monuerint
- 9. moneo monēre monui monitus Present moneor monemur moneris monemini monetur monentur Imperfect monebar monebamur monebaris monebamini monebatur monebantur Future monebor monebimur moneberis monebimini monebitur monebuntur
- 10. moneo monēre monui monitus Perfect monitus –a –um, sum moniti –ae –a, sumus es estis est sunt Pluperfect monitus –a –um, eram moniti –ae –a, eramus eras eratis erat erant Future Perfect monitus –a –um, ero moniti –ae –a, erimus eris eritis erit erunt
- 11. rego regere rexi rectus Present rego regimus regis regitis regit regunt Imperfect regebam regebamus regebas regebatis regebat regebant Future regam regemus reges regetis reget regent
- 12. rego regere rexi rectus Perfect rexi reximus rexisti rexistis rexit rexerunt Pluperfect rexeram rexeramus rexeras rexeratis rexerat rexerant Future Perfect rexero rexerimus rexeris rexeritis rexerit rexerint
- 13. rego regere rexi rectus Present regor regimur regeris regimini regitur reguntur Imperfect regebar regebamur regebaris regebamini regebatur regebantur Future regar regemur regeris regemini regetur regentur
- 14. rego regere rexi rectus Perfect rectus –a –um, sum recti –ae –a, sumus es estis est sunt Pluperfect rectus –a –um, eram recti –ae –a, eramus eras eratis erat erant Future Perfect rectus –a –um, ero recti –ae –a, erimus eris eritis erit erunt
- 15. audio audire audivi auditus Present audio audimus audis auditis audit audiunt Imperfect audiebam audiebamus audiebas audiebatis audiebat audiebant Future audiam audiemus audies audietis audiet audient
- 16. audio audire audivi auditus Perfect audivi audivimus audivisti audivistis audivit audiverunt Pluperfect audiveram audiveramus audiveras audiveratis audiverat audiverant Future Perfect audivero audiverimus audiveris audiveritis audiverit audiverint
- 17. audio audire audivi auditus Present audior audimur audiris audimini auditur audiuntur Imperfect audiebar audiebamur audiebaris audiebamini audiebatur audiebantur Future audiar audiemur audieris audiemini audietur audientur
- 18. audio audire audivi auditus Perfect auditus –a –um, sum auditi –ae –a, sumus es estis est sunt Pluperfect auditus –a –um, eram auditi –ae –a, eramus eras eratis erat erant Future Perfect auditus –a –um, ero auditi –ae –a, erimus eris eritis erit erunt
- 19. capio capere cepi captus Present capio capimus capis capitis capit capiunt Imperfect capiebam capiebamus capiebas capiebatis capiebat capiebant Future capiam capiemus capies capietis capiet capient
- 20. capio capere cepi captus Perfect cepi cepimus cepisti cepistis cepit ceperunt Pluperfect ceperam ceperamus ceperas ceperatis ceperat ceperant Future Perfect cepero ceperimus ceperis ceperitis ceperit ceperint
- 21. capio capere cepi captus Present capior capimur caperis capimini capitur capiuntur Imperfect capiebar capiebamur capiebaris capiebamini capiebatur capiebantur Future capiar capiemur capieris capiemini capietur capientur
- 22. capio capere cepi captus Perfect captus –a –um, sum capti –ae –a, sumus es estis est sunt Pluperfect captus –a –um, eram capti –ae –a, eramus eras eratis erat erant Future Perfect captus –a –um, ero capti –ae –a, erimus eris eritis erit erunt
- 24. Recitation Verb Singular Plural Meaning amo, amare ama amate Love! moneo, monēre monē monete Warn! rego, regere rege regite Rule! capio, capere cape capite Take! audio, audire audi audite Hear! sum, esse es este Be! dico, dicere dic dicite Speak! duco, ducere duc ducite Lead! facio, facere fac facite Make!
- 25. Recitation ♦5 declensions: mensa, servus, bellum, pater, flumen, portus, res
- 26. Recitation ♦Adjectives: acer acris acre brevis –e potens potentis
- 27. Recitation SIngular M F N acer acris acre acris acris acri acri acrem acre acri acri Plural M /F N acres acria acrium acrium acribus acribus acres acria acribus acribus
- 28. Recitation SIngular M /F N brevis breve brevis brevis brevi brevi brevem breve brevi brevi Plural M /F N breves brevia brevium brevium brevibus brevibus breves brevia brevibus brevibus
- 29. Recitation M/F Singular Plural potens potentes potentis potentium potenti potentibus potentem potentes potenti potentibus N Singular Plural potens potentia potentis potentium potenti potentibus potens potentia potenti potentibus
- 30. Recitation ♦Preposition Songs: -ab corum cum de ex in prae pro sine sub tenus -ad ante apud in inter ob per post propter sub trans circum contra juxta
- 32. Recitation Cardinal Ordinal unus –a –um one primus –a –um first duo –ae –o two secundus –a –um second tres tria three tertius –a –um third quattuor four quartus –a –um fourth quinque five quintus –a –um fifth sex six sextus –a –um sixth septem seven septimus –a –um seventh octo eight octavus –a –um eighth novem nine nonus –a –um ninth decem ten decimus –a –um tenth
- 33. Recitation Roman Numeral Cardinal XI undecim eleven XII duodecim twelve XIII tredecim thirteen XIV quattuordecim fourteen XV quindecim fifteen XVI sedecim sixteen XVII septendecim seventeen XVIII duodeviginti eighteen XIX undeviginti nineteen XX viginti twenty
- 34. Recitation 3rd Person Pronouns; Demonstrative Pronouns (1) Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter is ea id ejus ejus ejus ei ei ei eum eam id eo eā eo Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter ei eae ea eorum earum eorum eis eis eis eos eas ea eis eis eis
- 35. Recitation Demonstrative Pronouns (Near) (2) Singular Plural M F N M F N hic haec hoc hi hae haec hujus hujus hujus horum harum horum huic huic huic his his his hunc hanc hoc hos has haec hoc hac hoc his his his
- 36. Recitation Demonstrative Pronouns (Far) (3) Singular Plural M F N M F N ille illa illud illi illae illa illíus illíus illíus illorum illarum illorum illi illi illi illis illis illis illum illam illud illos illas illa illo illā illo illis illis illis
- 37. Recitation Demonstrative Pronouns (Near to Person Spoken to) (4) Singular Plural M F N M F N iste ista istud isti istae ista istíus istíus istíus istorum istarum istorum isti isti isti istis istis istis istum istam istud istos istas ista isto istā isto istis istis istis
- 38. Recitation Intensive Pronouns Singular Plural M F N M F N ipse ipsa ipsum ipsi ipsae ipsa ipsíus ipsíus ipsíus ipsorum ipsarum ipsorum ipsi ipsi ipsi ipsis ipsis ipsis ipsum ipsam ipsum ipsos ipsas ipsa ipso ipsā ipso ipsis ipsis ipsis
- 39. Recitation 3rd Person Reflexive Pronouns Case Form Meaning Nom ---- Gen. sui of himself, herself, itself, themselves Dat. sibi to/for himself, herself, itself, themselves Acc. se himself, herself, itself, themselves Abl. se ibwf himself, herself, itself, themselves
- 40. Recitation Reflexive Pronoun Adjectives Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning 1st meus mea meum my (own) noster nostra nostrum our (own) 2nd tuus tua tuum your (own) vester vestra vestrum your (pl.) (own) 3rd suus sua suum his, her, its, their (own)
- 41. Recitation Present Subjunctive Active 1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th amem moneam regam capiam audiam ames moneas regas capias audias amet moneat regat capiat audiat amemus moneamus regamus capiamus audiamus ametis moneatis regatis capiatis audiatis ament moneant regant capiant audiant
- 42. Recitation Present Subjunctive Passive 1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th amer monear regar capiar audiar ameris monearis regaris capiaris audiaris ametur moneatur regatur capiatur audiatur amemur moneamur regamur capiamur audiamur amemini moneamini regamini capiamini audiamini amentur moneantur regantur capiantur audiantur
- 43. Recitation Imperfect Subjunctive Active 1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th amarem monerem regerem caperem audirem amares moneres regeres caperes audires amaret moneret regeret caperet audiret amaremus moneremus regeremus caperemus audiremus amaretis moneretis regeretis caperetis audiretis amarent monerent regerent caperent audirent
- 44. Recitation Imperfect Subjunctive Passive 1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th amarer monerer regerer caperer audirer amareris monereris regereris capereris audireris amaretur moneretur regeretur caperetur audiretur amaremur moneremur regeremur caperemur audiremur amaremini moneremini regeremini caperemini audiremini amarentur monerentur regerentur caperentur audirentur
- 45. Recitation Present Subjunctive of Sum Singular Plural sim I may be simus we may be sis you may be sitis you all may be sit hsi may be sint they may be
- 46. Recitation Imperfect Subjunctive of Sum Singular Plural essem I might be essemus we might be esses you might be essetis you all might be esset hsi might be essent they might be
- 47. Recitation Perfect Subjunctive Active 1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th amaverim monuerim rexerim ceperim audiverim amaveris monueris rexeris ceperis audiveris amaverit monuerit rexerit ceperit audiverit amaverimus monuerimus rexerimus ceperimus audiverimus amaveritis monueritis rexeritis ceperitis audiveritis amaverint monuerint rexerint ceperint audiverint
- 48. Recitation Perfect Subjunctive Passive 1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th amatus a, um sim sis sit monitus, a, um sim sis sit rectus, a, um sim sis sit captus, a, um sim sis sit auditus , a, um sim sis sit amati ae, a simus sitis sint moniti, ae, a simus sitis sint recti, ae, a simus sitis sint capti, ae, a simus sitis sint auditi, ae, a simus sitis sint
- 49. Latin Saying Dum vivimus, vivamus.
- 50. Latin Saying Dum vivimus, vivamus. dum; while vivo, vivere; to live vivimus; present indicative vivamus; present subjunctive
- 51. Latin Sayings While we live, let us live.
- 52. Grammar The pluperfect subjunctive active is built on the perfect stem, plus –isse and the regular personal endings.* 1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th amavissem monuissem rexissem cepissem audivissem amavisses monuisses rexisses cepisses audivisses amavisset monuisset rexisset cepisset audivisset amavissemus monuissemus rexissemus cepissemus audivissemus amavissetis monuissetis rexissetis cepissetis audivissetis amavissent monuissent rexissent cepissent audivissent *And so very similar to the perfect subjunctive active, which is built on the perfect stem, plus –eri and the regular personal endings.*
- 53. Grammar The pluperfect subjunctive passive is formed of two elements: the 4th principle part and the imperfect subjunctive of sum.* 1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th amatus a, um essem esses esset monitus, a, um essem esses esset rectus, a, um essem esses esset captus, a, um essem esses esset auditus, a, um essem esses esset amati ae, a essemus essetis essent moniti, ae, a essemu s essetis essent recti, ae, a essemus essetis essent capti, ae, a essemus essetis essent auditi, ae, a essem essetis essent *And so, very similar to the perfect subjunctive passive, which is also formed of two elements: the 4th principle part and the present subjunctive of sum.
- 54. Grammar The meanings of the Pluperfect Subjunctive Active use the helping verbs “might have.” Singular Plural I might have loved we might have loved you might have loved you all might have loved he, she, it might have loved they might have loved
- 55. Grammar The meanings of the Pluperfect Subjunctive Passive use the helping verbs “might have been.” Singular Plural I might have been loved we might have been loved you might have been loved you all might have been loved he, she, it might have been loved they might have been loved
- 56. Grammar Negative Clause of Purpose. To express negative purpose (lest, so that...not), the conjunction ne is used in place of ut.
- 57. Grammar Negative Clause of Purpose. To express negative purpose (lest, so that...not), the conjunction ne is used in place of ut. Milites pugnant ne hostes urbem occupent.
- 58. Grammar Negative Clause of Purpose. To express negative purpose (lest, so that...not), the conjunction ne is used in place of ut. The soldiers fight lest the enemy may seize the city. Milites pugnant ne hostes urbem occupent.
- 59. Grammar Negative Clause of Purpose. To express negative purpose (lest, so that...not), the conjunction ne is used in place of ut. Milites pugnant ne hostes urbem occupent. The soldiers fight so that the enemy may not seize the city.
- 60. Grammar Questions How many tenses are in the subjunctive?What tenses are missing?
- 61. Grammar Questions How many tenses are in the subjunctive?What tenses are missing? Four tenses.The future and future perfect are missing.
- 62. Grammar Questions What are six helping verbs that express the subjunctive in English?
- 63. Grammar Questions What are six helping verbs that express the subjunctive in English? let, might, could, may, should, would
- 64. Grammar Questions What is the difference between indicative and subjunctive? indicative: subjunctive:
- 65. Grammar Questions What is the difference between indicative and subjunctive? indicative: actual events or actions subjunctive: potential events or actions My children go to school. actual/indicative I want my children to go to school. – potential/subjunctive
- 66. Grammar Questions What are the meanings of the perfect active subjunctive of amo? Person Singular Plural 1st 2nd 3rd
- 67. Grammar Questions What are the meanings of the perfect active subjunctive of amo? Singular Plural I may have loved we may have loved you may have loved you all may have loved he, she, it may have loved they may have loved
- 68. Grammar Questions What are the meanings of the perfect subjunctive passive of amo? Person Singular Plural 1st 2nd 3rd
- 69. Grammar Questions What are the meanings of the perfect subjunctive passive of amo? Singular Plural I may have been loved we may have been loved you may have been loved you all may have been loved he, she, it may have been loved they may have been loved
- 70. Grammar Questions A __________ question is asked in doubt or indignation, uses the subjunctive, and is expressed in English by the verbal helper ______.
- 71. Grammar Questions A deliberative question is asked in doubt or indignation, uses the subjunctive, and is expressed in English by the verbal helper should.
- 72. Grammar Questions A deliberative question uses the _______ subjunctive for present time and the _________ subjunctive for past time.
- 73. Grammar Questions A deliberative question uses the present subjunctive for present time and the imperfect subjunctive for past time.
- 74. Grammar Questions The hortatory subjunctive expresses __________, _______ _________, ______ ____, and uses the verbal helpers __ and ___.
- 75. Grammar Questions The hortatory subjunctive expresses exhortation, indirect command, strong wish, and uses the verbal helpers let and may.
- 76. Grammar Questions The subjunctive is used primarily in __________ clauses, but also has some uses in __________ clauses.
- 77. Grammar Questions The subjunctive is used primarily in subordinate clauses, but also has some uses in independent clauses.
- 78. Grammar To form the negative of a subjunctive verb, use ?
- 79. Grammar To form the negative of a subjunctive verb, use ne. Ne cedamus. Let us not yield.
- 80. Grammar To express purpose with the conjunction ut, the main clause is in the _________, and the subordinate clause is in the __________.
- 81. Grammar To express purpose with the conjunction ut, the main clause is in the indicative, and the subordinate clause is in the subjunctive.
- 82. Grammar The imperfect subjunctive active is built on the ________.
- 83. Grammar The imperfect subjunctive active is built on the infinitive.
- 84. Grammar The perfect and pluperfect subjunctives are built on the ______ stem by adding ___and ___, respectively.
- 85. Grammar The perfect and pluperfect subjunctives are built on the perfect stem by adding eri and isse, respectively.
- 86. Grammar What are the three uses of the subjunctive you have learned in this unit?
- 87. Grammar What are the three uses of the subjunctive you have learned in this unit? hortatory subjunctive, deliberative questions, and purpose (ut) clause
- 88. Grammar How do you form the perfect subjunctive passive?
- 89. Grammar How do you form the perfect subjunctive passive? the 4th principal part + the present subjunctive of sum
- 90. Grammar A negative clause of purpose replaces ut with ___.
- 91. Grammar A negative clause of purpose replaces ut with ne.
- 93. Practice ♦Translate they might have been conquered
- 95. Practice ♦Translate you might have been seen
- 97. Practice ♦Translate they might have driven
- 99. Practice ♦Translate we might have denied
- 101. Practice ♦Translate While we live, let us live.
- 102. Practice ♦Conjugate the model verbs in the pluperfect subjunctive active and passive.
- 103. Practice ♦Conjugate the model verbs in the present, imperfect, and perfect subjunctive active.