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Health Informatics

Brian Wells, MPH, MSM
Health Informatics

• What is Health Informatics?
  • A discipline at the intersection of information
    science, computer science, and health care
  • Is the interdisciplinary study of the
    design, development, adoption and application
    of IT-based innovations in healthcare services
    delivery, management and planning.
  • Deals with the resources, devices, and
    methods required to optimize the
    acquisition, storage, retrieval, and use of
    information in health and biomedicine
Health Informatics

• Applications of Health Informatics
  • Translational Bioinformatics
  • Clinical Research Informatics
  • Clinical Informatics
  • Consumer Health Informatics
  • Public Health Informatics
Health Informatics

• Translational Bioinformatics
   • Is the development of storage, analytic, and interpretive methods
     to optimize the transformation of increasingly voluminous
     biomedical data, and genomic data, into proactive, predictive,
     preventive, and participatory health.
   • Translational bioinformatics includes research on the development
     of novel techniques for the integration of biological and clinical data
     and the evolution of clinical informatics methodology to encompass
     biological observations.
   • The end product of translational bioinformatics is newly found
     knowledge from these integrative efforts that can be disseminated
     to a variety of stakeholders, including biomedical scientists,
     clinicians, and patients.
Health Informatics

• Clinical Research Informatics
   • Involves the use of informatics in the discovery and
     management of new knowledge relating to health and
     disease.
   • It includes management of information related to clinical
     trials and also involves informatics related to secondary
     research use of clinical data.
   • Clinical research informatics and translational
     bioinformatics are the primary domains related to
     informatics activities to support translational research.
Health Informatics

• Clinical Informatics
   • Is the application of informatics and information
     technology to deliver healthcare services. At times, this
     has also been referred to as applied clinical informatics.
   • Clinical Informatics is concerned with information use in
     health care by clinicians.
   • Clinical informatics includes a wide range of topics
     ranging from clinical decision support to visual images
     (e.g. radiological, pathological, dermatological,
     ophthalmological, etc); from clinical documentation to
     provider order entry systems; and from system design
     to system implementation and adoption issues.
Health Informatics

• Consumer Health Informatics
   • Is the field devoted to informatics from multiple consumer or patient
     views. These include patient-focused informatics, health literacy
     and consumer education.
   • The focus is on information structures and processes that
     empower consumers to manage their own health--for example
     health information literacy, consumer-friendly language, personal
     health records, and Internet-based strategies and resources.
   • The shift in this view of informatics analyses consumers' needs for
     information; studies and implements methods for making
     information accessible to consumers; and models and integrates
     consumers' preferences into health information systems.
   • Consumer informatics stands at the crossroads of other
     disciplines, such as nursing informatics, public health, health
     promotion, health education, library science, and communication
     science.
Health Informatics

• Public Health Informatics
   • Is the application of informatics in areas of public health, including
     surveillance, reporting, and health promotion.
   • Public health informatics, and its corollary, population
     informatics, are concerned with groups rather than individuals.
   • Public health is extremely broad and might even reflect an interest
     in information technology with regard to
     ecology, architecture, climate, agriculture, and such.
Health Informatics

• Health Informatics is, in part, a mathematics and statistics-
  based approach to understanding health information
Health Informatics

• Prior informatics concept of simple data displays
Health Informatics

• Current concepts of probabilistic-based determination
Health Informatics

• Current concepts of probabilistic-based determination
Health Informatics

• Emerging concepts
  • Integration with natural language-based systems
  • Real-time addition of new data to integrate with clinical probability
    database
  • Learning systems that improve their accuracy with time
Health Informatics

• Will require an expanded and holistic understanding of
  health care
• Requires an understanding of mathematical and
  computer-based concepts of management
• Changing concepts related to the practice of medicine
• Improving surveillance of disease and health issues
• Improving accuracy of diagnosis, reducing time to
  diagnosis, and improving accuracy and efficacy of
  treatment
• Potential for cost-savings related to best evidence-based
  practice
With thanks

• To IBM, B&W, AMIA and others for images and
  information

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Health informatics

  • 2. Health Informatics • What is Health Informatics? • A discipline at the intersection of information science, computer science, and health care • Is the interdisciplinary study of the design, development, adoption and application of IT-based innovations in healthcare services delivery, management and planning. • Deals with the resources, devices, and methods required to optimize the acquisition, storage, retrieval, and use of information in health and biomedicine
  • 3. Health Informatics • Applications of Health Informatics • Translational Bioinformatics • Clinical Research Informatics • Clinical Informatics • Consumer Health Informatics • Public Health Informatics
  • 4. Health Informatics • Translational Bioinformatics • Is the development of storage, analytic, and interpretive methods to optimize the transformation of increasingly voluminous biomedical data, and genomic data, into proactive, predictive, preventive, and participatory health. • Translational bioinformatics includes research on the development of novel techniques for the integration of biological and clinical data and the evolution of clinical informatics methodology to encompass biological observations. • The end product of translational bioinformatics is newly found knowledge from these integrative efforts that can be disseminated to a variety of stakeholders, including biomedical scientists, clinicians, and patients.
  • 5. Health Informatics • Clinical Research Informatics • Involves the use of informatics in the discovery and management of new knowledge relating to health and disease. • It includes management of information related to clinical trials and also involves informatics related to secondary research use of clinical data. • Clinical research informatics and translational bioinformatics are the primary domains related to informatics activities to support translational research.
  • 6. Health Informatics • Clinical Informatics • Is the application of informatics and information technology to deliver healthcare services. At times, this has also been referred to as applied clinical informatics. • Clinical Informatics is concerned with information use in health care by clinicians. • Clinical informatics includes a wide range of topics ranging from clinical decision support to visual images (e.g. radiological, pathological, dermatological, ophthalmological, etc); from clinical documentation to provider order entry systems; and from system design to system implementation and adoption issues.
  • 7. Health Informatics • Consumer Health Informatics • Is the field devoted to informatics from multiple consumer or patient views. These include patient-focused informatics, health literacy and consumer education. • The focus is on information structures and processes that empower consumers to manage their own health--for example health information literacy, consumer-friendly language, personal health records, and Internet-based strategies and resources. • The shift in this view of informatics analyses consumers' needs for information; studies and implements methods for making information accessible to consumers; and models and integrates consumers' preferences into health information systems. • Consumer informatics stands at the crossroads of other disciplines, such as nursing informatics, public health, health promotion, health education, library science, and communication science.
  • 8. Health Informatics • Public Health Informatics • Is the application of informatics in areas of public health, including surveillance, reporting, and health promotion. • Public health informatics, and its corollary, population informatics, are concerned with groups rather than individuals. • Public health is extremely broad and might even reflect an interest in information technology with regard to ecology, architecture, climate, agriculture, and such.
  • 9. Health Informatics • Health Informatics is, in part, a mathematics and statistics- based approach to understanding health information
  • 10. Health Informatics • Prior informatics concept of simple data displays
  • 11. Health Informatics • Current concepts of probabilistic-based determination
  • 12. Health Informatics • Current concepts of probabilistic-based determination
  • 13. Health Informatics • Emerging concepts • Integration with natural language-based systems • Real-time addition of new data to integrate with clinical probability database • Learning systems that improve their accuracy with time
  • 14. Health Informatics • Will require an expanded and holistic understanding of health care • Requires an understanding of mathematical and computer-based concepts of management • Changing concepts related to the practice of medicine • Improving surveillance of disease and health issues • Improving accuracy of diagnosis, reducing time to diagnosis, and improving accuracy and efficacy of treatment • Potential for cost-savings related to best evidence-based practice
  • 15. With thanks • To IBM, B&W, AMIA and others for images and information