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Crafting the Discovery Phase
First Steps in Effective IA Projects
IA Summit 2016

Atlanta
Dan Brown

EightShapes
Your group will need…
post-its 

(provided)
pen

(not provided)
sustenance

(optional)
How designers communicate complicated ideas…
… and make sure they don’t kill each other
#discovery

@brownorama
1

Discovery Defined
Design Decisions
Navigation Structure
Product Objectives
Button Style
Menu Design
Scope Quantity
Design Decisions
Navigation Structure
Product Objectives
Button Style
Menu Design
Navigation Structure
Product Objectives
Button Style
Menu Design
Do I have enough information?
Symptoms
1. Lack of alignment

2. Lack of definition

3. Lack of participation
Discovery Defined
A set of activities

that yield shared knowledge

to structure and inform

design decisions

about a particular product.
2

Activities & Outputs
What do you do here?
What do you deliver here?
Discovery Phase?
1.Groupalltheactivitiesandoutputs.
2.Labelyourcategories.
3.Feelfreetoaddmore.
DiscoveryActivities&Outputs
The Noun Project • Shmidt Sergey
3

Framing & Setting
Dan’s Observation
Setting

Direction+
Framing

Problem
Framing

Problem
Problem Solution
Inputs and
Relationships
Product

Design
Interpretation
and Methods
Inputs and
Relationships
Product

Design
Desired Impact
Actual Impact
Interpretation
and Methods
Inputs and
Relationships
Product Design
Desired Impact
Actual Impact
Interpretation
and Methods
Dan's Observation
Setting

Direction+
Framing

Problem
Dan's Observation
Setting

Direction
Inputs and
Relationships
Product

Design
Desired Impact
Actual Impact
Interpretation
and Methods
Inputs and
Relationships
Desired Impact
Actual Impact
Interpretation
and Methods
4

The Tension
FramingProblem
 SettingDirection
Nowgroupyourstickies…
Dan's Observation
Setting

Direction+
Framing

Problem
Framing the Problem
1. Problem Statements

2. Objectives

3. Contextual Statements
Problem statements
Captures the aspect of the world we’re
trying to change or improve.
Architecturalinternshaveno
consistentwayoftracking
theirhoursofexperience.
Project objectives
Defines the project’s desired outcome.
Designamobileappfor
internstorecordtheirhours.
Contextual statements
Describe the ecosystem in which the
product will live.
-Internsareexpertsmartphoneusers
-Hoursmustappearin.25increments
-TheproductmustbeaniOSapp
Setting the Direction
1. Principles or Implications

2. Concepts

3. Models
Principles
What the product should do.

What makes it unique.

What makes it better.
Eliminateunnecessary
obstaclestopublishing.
Implications
What findings imply.
Usefewerstepstopublish
draftcontent.
Concepts
What’s the big idea.
Twittermeetshealthcare.
Models
How the product looks and behaves.
Models
How the product looks and behaves.
sitemap
flowchart
storyboard
wireframes
mock-ups
samplecopy
5

The Matrix
Setting DirectionFraming Problem
Card sort
User interviews
Stakeholder interviews
Baseline testing
Technical analysis
Content audit
Brand analysis
Survey
Expert review
Comparative review
Requirements gathering
Data analysis
Story writing
Persona writing
Task analysis
Journey mapping
Storyboarding
Mood boards
Sketching
Prototyping
Wireframing
Design studio
Site mapping
Concept modeling
Prioritizing
Planning
Batching
Brainstorming
Scheduling
Roadmapping
Framing Problem Setting Direction
DivergentConvergent
Framing Problem Setting Direction
DivergentConvergent
Gathering
Processing
Exploring
Focusing
Framing Problem Setting Direction
DivergentConvergent
Gathering
Processing
Exploring
Focusing
problem statements

project objectives

contextual statements
principles

concepts

models
Framing Problem Setting Direction
DivergentConvergent
Gathering
Processing
Exploring
Focusing
- interview stakeholders

- conduct domain research

- review existing documentation

- conduct user research

- evaluate competitors

- evaluate current product

- watch people use the product
Framing Problem Setting Direction
DivergentConvergent
Gathering
Processing
Exploring
Focusing
- find the patterns

- capture hunches

- group your observations

- create a narrative

- describe a scenario

- visualize the problem
Framing Problem Setting Direction
DivergentConvergent
Gathering
Processing
Exploring
Focusing
- use a common pattern

- ignore constraints to provoke ideas

- sketch together

- get some feedback
Framing Problem Setting Direction
DivergentConvergent
Gathering
Processing
Exploring
Focusing
- revise and refine

- prioritize insights and ideas

- draft a project plan

- consider implications
Framing Problem Setting Direction
DivergentConvergent
Gathering
Processing
Exploring
Focusing
- revise and refine

- prioritize insights and ideas

- draft a project plan

- consider implications
- use a common pattern

- ignore constraints to provoke ideas

- sketch together

- get some feedback
- find the patterns

- capture hunches

- group your observations

- create a narrative

- describe a scenario

- visualize the problem
- interview stakeholders

- conduct domain research

- review existing documentation

- conduct user research

- evaluate competitors

- evaluate current product

- watch people use the product
http://j.mp/discovery-matrix
Arrangeyourpost-itsinroughchronologicalorder.
Imagineatime-frame.
Considerhowyouwillbalancegathering/processing
andexploring/focusing.
Createaprojectplan
Short on user insights
User interviews
Analysis
F
E
P
G
Sketch Wireframe Plan
Produce ideas quickly
Test
Kick-
off
Wireframe
Test
Wireframe
Test
Wireframe
F
E
P
G
Plan & Prioritize
Just give us “blue sky”
F
E
P
G
User Interviews
Sketching
Creating concepts only
F
E
P
G
User
Interviews
Sketching
User
Interviews
Sketching
Plan Plan
6

The Attitude
Navigation Structure
Product Objectives
Button Style
Menu Design
Do I have enough information?
Embracing the Attitude
PERCEIVE
Deficiency in
knowledge
Embracing the Attitude
UNDERSTAND
Need to fill gaps
Embracing the Attitude
CHOOSE
Engage in activities to
increase knowledge
Mindset Defined
PERCEIVE UNDERSTAND CHOOSE
ACT
MINDSET
Carol Dweck’s

Mindset
❦
❦
Fixed vs. Growth
Curious You are excited to learn new things.
❦
Skeptical You don’t accept all assertions at face value.
❦
Humble You embrace your naivety and ignorance.
Curious
PERCEIVE → UNDERSTAND → CHOOSE
There are gaps in
my knowledge.
We can’t know
everything, but I’m
excited to learn as
much as I can.
I will take the time
to learn about areas
in this project I
don’t understand.
You are excited to learn new things.
Curiosity in Discovery
ASK QUESTIONS
Our first instinct is often to provide
answers and opinions.

Short circuit your natural inclination and
force yourself to ask questions.
❦
Skeptical
You don’t accept all assertions at face value.
PERCEIVE → UNDERSTAND → CHOOSE
Some of our work
depends on making
assumptions.
We can’t validate
all assumptions,
but we can look at
those with greatest
impact.
I will uncover and
question
assumptions.
Skepticism in Discovery
PLAY DEVIL’S ADVOCATE
It’s easy to buy into assumptions when
other people hold them sincerely and
tenaciously.

Gently pry open those assumptions by
representing a different perspective.
❦
Humble
You embrace your naivety and ignorance.
PERCEIVE → UNDERSTAND → CHOOSE
Though I have some
experience with
this domain, I don’t
know everything
about it.
Even my experience
doesn’t qualify me
as an expert, nor
does it let me make
presumptions about
the target users.
I will assume that
most other people
are experts about
this particular
domain.
Humility in Discovery
SAY “I DON’T KNOW”
Part of being humble is being OK with
admitting weakness. Lack of knowledge is
often perceived as weakness.

Be honest with your colleagues and yourself
when you’re not clear on something.
❦
Wrap-Up
Discovery Defined
A set of activities

that yield shared knowledge

to structure and inform

design decisions

about a particular product.
Problem & Direction
Inputs and
Relationships
Desired Impact
Actual Impact
Interpretation
and Methods
Assertions
Stating the Problem Envisioning the Solution
• Problem Statements

• Objectives

• Contextual Statements
• Principles or Implications

• Concepts

• Models
The Matrix
Framing Problem Setting Direction
DivergentConvergent
Gathering
Processing
Exploring
Focusing
Discovery is Attitude
Curious You are excited to learn new things.
❦
Skeptical You don’t accept all assertions at face value.
❦
Humble You embrace your naivety and ignorance.
THANK YOU
Want to learn more about the book?
Dan Brown

dan@eightshapes.com
http://j.mp/designdiscoverybook

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