This document discusses NoSQL databases and provides examples of different types. It begins by discussing motivations for NoSQL like performance, scalability, and flexibility over traditional relational databases. It then categorizes NoSQL databases as key-value stores like Redis and Tokyo Cabinet, column-oriented stores like BigTable and Cassandra, document-oriented stores like CouchDB and MongoDB, and graph databases like Neo4J. For each category it provides comparisons on attributes and examples using different languages.

1. NoSQL
Death
to
Relational
Databases(?)
bensco'ield
–
viget
labs
codemash
14
january
2010
1

2. Motivations
2

3. Performance
3

4. Scalability
4

5. Meh
5

6. Flexibility
6

7. Complexity
7

8. “Comics”
Is
Hard
8

9. 9

10. Functionality
10

11. Charlie
Chaplin
Jet
Li
Hank
Mann
Marian
Collier
11

12. Taxonomy
12

13. Key-­‐Value
Stores
13

14. distributed
hash
tables
14

15. Performance high
Scalability high
Flexibility high
Complexity none
Functionality variable
(none)
15

16. Dynamo
GT.M
PStore
Redis
16

17. Column-­‐Oriented
Stores
17

18. semi-­‐structured
18

19. Performance high
Scalability high
Flexibility moderate
Complexity low
Functionality minimal
19

20. BigTable
Cassandra
HBase
20

21. Document-­‐Oriented
Stores
21

22. also
semi-­‐structured
22

23. Performance high
Scalability variable
(high)
Flexibility high
Complexity low
Functionality variable
(low)
23

24. CouchDB
MongoDB
RDDB
Riak
24

25. Graph
Databases
25

26. graph
theory
26

27. Performance variable
Scalability variable
Flexibility high
Complexity high
Functionality graph
theory
27

28. ActiveRDF
AllegroGraph
Neo4J
28

29. Relational
Databases
29

30. Performance variable
Scalability variable
Flexibility low
Complexity moderate
Functionality relational
algebra
30

31. Examples
31

32. Redis
32

33. Data
Types
strings
lists
sets
sorted
sets
33

34. In-­‐Memory
periodic
snapshots
/
append
only
'ile
master-­‐slave
replication
memory-­‐bound
34

35. require 'redis'
gl = Redis.new
# A string
gl['name'] = 'Kyle Rayner'
gl['name']
gl.delete('name')
# A list
gl.push_tail 'to-dos', 'Lose Ion power'
gl.push_tail 'to-dos', 'Mourn dead loved ones'
gl.push_tail 'to-dos', 'Blow up zombie lanterns'
gl.list_range('to-dos', 0, -1)
35

36. Tokyo
Cabinet
36

37. Data
Types
binary
data
strings
37

38. Tables!?
38

39. Related
Projects
tyrant
dystopia
promenade
39

40. require 'rufus/tokyo'
# Key-value
jli = Rufus::Tokyo::Cabinet.new('jl.tch')
jli['members'] = [
'Batman',
'Black Canary',
'Blue Beetle',
'Captain Marvel',
'Doctor Light',
'Doctor Fate',
'Guy Gardner',
'Martian Manhunter',
'Mister Miracle'
].to_yaml
YAML.load(jli['members'])
40

41. require 'rufus/tokyo'
# Table
big7 = Rufus::Tokyo::Table.new('big7.tct')
big7['s'] = {'name' => 'Superman', 'role' => 'deus ex machina'}
big7['b'] = {'name' => 'Batman', 'role' => 'mastermind'}
big7['gl'] = {'name' => 'Green Lantern', 'role' => 'space cop'}
big7['f'] = {'name' => 'Flash', 'role' => 'speedster'}
big7['mm'] = {'name' => 'Martian Manhunter', 'role' => '?'}
big7['ww'] = {'name' => 'Wonder Woman', 'role' => 'hitter'}
big7['a'] = {'name' => 'Aquaman', 'role' => 'fish-talking'}
big7.query {|q|
q.add_condition 'role', :streq, 'fish-talking'
}
41

42. Cassandra
42

43. Genealogy
Dynamo
BigTable
43

44. Column-­‐Oriented
columns
supercolumns
column
families
44

45. Distributed
automatic
replication
eventual
consistency
easy
expansion
45

46. Availability
weak
reads
quorum
reads
46

47. require 'cassandra'
op = Cassandra.new('OnePiece')
op.insert(:People, '1', {'name' => 'Luffy'})
op.insert(:People, '2', {'name' => 'Crocodile'})
op.insert(:People, '3', {'name' => 'Mr. 3'})
op.insert(:Fights, '1', {'opponents' => {UUID.new => '2'}})
op.insert(:Fights, '1', {'opponents' => {UUID.new => '3'}})
luffy_fights = op.get(:Fights, '1', 'opponents')
luffy_fights.map {|t, opp| op.get(:People, opp, 'name')}
47

48. CouchDB
48

49. Web-­‐Inspired
JSON
storage
HTTP
/
RESTful
interface
49

50. Views
prede'ined,
updated
incrementally
javascript
for
map/reduce
50

51. Updates
full,
including
embedded
documents
51

52. require 'couchrest'
konoha = CouchRest.database!('http://127.0.0.1:5984/konoha')
naruto = konoha.save_doc {
'name' => 'Naruto Uzumaki',
'chakra' => 'wind'
}
shikamaru = konoha.save_doc {
'name' => 'Shikamaru Nara',
'chunin' => true
}
konoha.save_doc {
'_id' => '_design/first',
:views => {
:chunin => {
:map => 'function(doc){if(doc.chunin){emit(null, doc);}}'
}
}
}
puts konoha.views('first/chunin')['rows'].inspect
52

53. MongoDB
53

54. Storage
binary
JSON
documents
54

55. Access
native
clients
55

56. Queries
dynamic
index-­‐based
56

57. Updates
allows
partial
updates
57

58. require 'mongo'
avengers = Mongo::Connection.new.db('avengers')
members = avengers.collection('members')
members.insert {'name' => 'Ant-Man'}
members.insert {'name' => 'Hulk'}
members.insert {'name' => 'Iron Man'}
members.insert {'name' => 'Thor'}
members.insert {'name' => 'Wasp'}
members.create_index('name')
pym = members.find {'name' => 'Ant-Man'}
pym['name'] = 'Giant-Man'
pym.save
members.remove {'name' => 'Hulk'}
members.insert {'name' => 'Captain America'}
58

59. Riak
59

60. also
Web-­‐Inspired
JSON
storage
HTTP
/
RESTful
interface
links
for
relationships
60

61. Decentralized
no
privileged
nodes
61

62. Con'igurable
store
/
read
/
write
62

63. require 'jiak'
jc = JiakClient.new('127.0.0.1', 8098)
jc.set_bucket_schema('supervillains', {
'allowed_fields' => ['name', 'alias', 'power']
})
jc.store({
'bucket' => 'supervillains',
'key' => 'Normie',
'object' => {
'name' => 'Norman Osborn',
'alias' => 'Green Goblin',
'power' => 'Supreme jerkfacedness'
},
'links' => []
})
kth = jc.fetch('supervillains', 'Normie')
63

64. Neo4J
64

65. Structure
nodes
and
edges
key-­‐value
pairs
65

66. Queries
lucene
gremlin
66

67. require 'neo4j'
class Person
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
property :name, :mutant
index :name, :mutant
has_n :crushes
has_n :hookups
has_n :marriages
def initialize(name, mutant = true)
name = name
mutant = mutant
end
end
67

68. Neo4j::Transaction.run do
magneto = Person.new('Magneto')
esme = Person.new('Esme')
rogue = Person.new('Rogue')
magda = Person.new('Magda', false)
wasp = Person.new('Wasp', false)
magneto.crushes << wasp
magneto.hookups << rogue
magneto.marriages << magda
esme.crushes << magneto
rogue.hookups << magneto
magda.marriages << magneto
end
68

69. magneto = Person.find(:name => 'Magneto')
# Who likes Magneto?
magneto.relationships.incoming(:crushes).nodes
# Which non-mutants has Magneto dated?
magneto.hookups{ !mutant? }.to_a
69

70. Simulations
70

71. Structure
71

72. people
{
‘name’:‘Jimmy Olsen’
‘title’:‘Superman’s Pal’
‘company_id’:12441
}
companies
{
_id:12441
‘name’:‘Daily Planet’
}
72

73. Lack
of
Structure
73

74. mysql> SELECT * FROM people LIMIT 1 G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
content: ---
company: Daily Planet
name: Jimmy Olsen
title: Superman’s Pal
74

75. But
wait!
friendfeed
friendly
75

76. mysql> desc people;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
mysql> desc attributes;
+-----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| person_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| attribute | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| value | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
76

77. Not
Only
SQL
77

78. Polyglot
Persistence
78

79. Caching
79

80. Already
in
Use
memcached
80

81. Queues
81

82. Long-­‐running
processes
resque
82

83. Logging
83

84. Rails
Log
Replacement
http://github.com/peburrows/mongo_db_logger
84

85. Hybrid
Domains
85

86. different
domains
86

87. Publishing
e-­‐commerce
documents
87

88. Dating
e-­‐commerce
social
graph
88

89. different
scales
89

90. Photo
Sharing
user
accounts
uploaded
photos
90

91. Next
Steps
91

92. Explore
92

93. Database
List
http://internetmindmap.com/database_software
NoSQL
Google
Group
http://groups.google.com/group/nosql-­‐discussion
93

94. Ignore
the
Database
94

95. Logical
Modeling
First
be
mindful
95

96. Change
the
Default
96

97. Application
Templates
start
with
something
new
97

98. bensco'ield
@bsco'ield
ben.sco'ield@viget.com
http:/ /spkr8.com/bsco'ield
http:/ /viget.com/extend
http:
/bensco'ield.com
/
98