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PRESENTATION TITLE Presenter Name  |  Date
Abstract Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continue their relentless rise, even though the global CO2 level is already considerably higher than it has been on earth for over two million years.  One of the significant contributors to increased GHG is the ITC industry itself, roughly equal to the emissions from the aviation industry. As universities researchers increasingly employ computational and cyberinfrastructure technologies, these very enablers of modern scientific discovery are coming into question because of their growing contributions to GHG emissions.  As a result, some universities and R&E networks are starting to explore new types of computational and network architectures that not only benefit research, but also have reduced associated GHG emissions. Optical high speed research networks and distributed zero carbon cyberinfrastructure data centers with network virtualization, web services and grids will be a critical component of this emerging architecture.  We review the trends and spotlight specific projects that offer hope for averting this cyber-carbon crisis.
Based on an EDUCAUSE Review Article and Web Bonus http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERM0960.pdf
Science of Climate Change
Earth’s Climate is Rapidly Entering a Novel Realm Not Experienced for Millions of Years ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Earth is Warming Over 100 Times Faster Today Than During the Last Ice Age Warming! http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/program_history/keeling_curve_lessons.html Monnin, et al., Science v. 291 pp. 112-114, Jan. 5, 2001. “ Keeling Curve” CO 2  Rose From  185 to 265ppm (80ppm)  in 6000 years or  1.33 ppm per Century CO 2  Has Risen From  335 to 385ppm (50ppm)  in 30 years or  1.6 ppm per Year
The Planet is  Already Committed to a Dangerous Level of Warming Temperature Threshold Range  that Initiates the Climate-Tipping V. Ramanathan and Y. Feng, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD September 23, 2008 www.pnas.orgcgidoi10.1073pnas.0803838105 Additional Warming over 1750 Level Earth Has Only Realized 1/3 of the Committed Warming - Future Emissions  of Greenhouse Gases  Move Peak to the Right
Global Climatic Disruption Example: The Arctic Sea Ice Mean of all records transformed to summer temperature anomaly relative to the 1961–1990 reference period, with first-order linear trend for all records through 1900 with 2 standard deviations “ A pervasive cooling of the Arctic in progress 2000 years ago continued through the Middle Ages and into the Little Ice Age.  It was reversed during  the 20th century, with four of the five warmest decades of  our 2000-year-long reconstruction occurring between 1950 and 2000. The most recent 10-year interval (1999–2008) was the warmest of the past 200 decades.” Science v. 325 pp 1236 (September 4, 2009)
Global Climatic Disruption Early Signs: Arctic Summer Ice is Rapidly Decreasing "We are almost out of multiyear sea ice in the northern hemisphere--I've never seen anything like this in my 30 years of working in the high Arctic.” --David Barber, Canada's Research Chair in Arctic System Science at the University of Manitoba October 29, 2009 http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-10213891-54.html http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20091029/sc_nm/us_climate_canada_arctic_1
Future Estimates of CO 2  Emissions From Energy:  In an Aggressive CO 2  Emission Reduction Scenario  www.shell.com/scenarios Estimated CO 2  Level  in 2100 is 550ppm -- 40% Higher! Current CO 2  Level  is ~390 ppm Carbon Emissions  Continue to Build  CO 2  Level
Today’s CO 2  is Already Higher  Than in Last 2 Million Years! Hönisch, et al. Science 19 June 2009 Vol. 324. p. 1551 350 400 450 500 550 Today’s CO 2  Level Possible Level by 2100, Shell “Blueprints” Scenario
We Are Transitioning to a New Climate State -- Unlike the Rapid Recovery with Acid Rain or Ozone Hole  Susan Solomon, et al., PNAS 2/10/2009 v. 106 pp1704-9  Assumes  CO 2  Increases  to a Maximum  and Then Emissions Abruptly Stop Warming During  the Industrial Age -- Last 200 Years Warming Persists for Over 1000 Years
How Can We Slow Down the Rate of Carbon Emissions? What is the Role for Colleges and Universities? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Campus IT Testbeds for the Greener Future
ICT is a Critical Element in Achieving Countries Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Targets www.smart2020.org ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Global ICT Carbon Footprint is Roughly the Same as the Aviation Industry Today www.smart2020.org But ICT Emissions are Growing at 6% Annually! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
But, If IT is Used in New Ways Carbon Savings Can Be Much Larger! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],While the sector plans to significantly step up  the energy efficiency of its products and services,  IT’s largest influence  will be by enabling  energy efficiencies in other sectors, an opportunity  that could deliver  carbon savings five times larger  than  the total emissions from the entire ICT sector in 2020. --Smart 2020 Report
Real-Time Monitoring of Building Energy Usage: UCSD Has 34 Buildings On-Line http://mscada01.ucsd.edu/ion/
Power Management in Mixed Use Buildings: The UCSD CSE Building is Energy Instrumented ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Rajesh Gupta, CSE, Calit2
Dematerialization— Working in Mixed Virtual/Physical Spaces We Run Video Sykpe Continuously  During Office Hours Kristen  Reads My Email, Sets My Calendar. Works With Amy on My Trips Virtual Kristen Kristen  Prints Here  For Amy Real Amy
Linking the Calit2 Auditoriums at UCSD and UCI  with HD for Shared Seminars September 8, 2009 Photo by Erik Jepsen, UC San Diego Avoiding Travel Between Campuses September 8, 2009
High Definition Video Connected OptIPortals: Virtual Working Spaces for Data Intensive Research Source: Falko Kuester, Kai Doerr Calit2; Michael Sims, NASA NASA Ames Lunar Science Institute Mountain View, CA NASA Interest  in Supporting  Virtual Institutes LifeSize HD
Multi-User Global Workspace: San Diego, Chicago, Saudi Arabia Source: Tom DeFanti, KAUST Project, Calit2
UCSD and UCI Intelligent Transportation System  and Renewable Energy Campus Fleets ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nov. 2007
How Your Campus Can Lower Carbon Emissions —UCI Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Arnaud, Smarr, DeFanti, Sheehan, EDUCAUSE Review
Sustainable Data Centers
The NSF-Funded UCSD GreenLight Project:  Instrumenting the Energy Cost of Cluster Computing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Machine Learning for Dynamic Power and Thermal Management to Reduce Energy Requirements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],System Energy Efficiency Lab (seelab.ucsd.edu) Prof. Tajana Šimunić Rosing, CSE, UCSD CNS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
UCSD is Installing Zero Carbon Emission Solar and Fuel Cell DC Electricity Generators San Diego’s Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant Produces Waste Methane UCSD 2.8 Megawatt  Fuel Cell Power Plant  Uses Methane 2 Megawatts of  Solar Power Cells  Being Installed Available Late 2009 Use to Power Local Data Centers
Zero Carbon GreenLight Experiment: DC-Powered Modular Data Center  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Tom DeFanti, Calit2; GreenLight PI UCSD DC Fuel Cell 2800kW Sun MDC <100-200kW
MIT to Build Zero Carbon Data Center in Holyoke MA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.greenercomputing.com/news/2009/06/11/cisco-emc-team-mit-launch-100m-green-data-center
Many Zero Carbon Data Centers  Exist Worldwide Hydro-Electric Powered  Data Centers Data Islandia Digital Data Archive ASIO Solar Powered Data Centers Wind Powered  Data Centers Ecotricity in UK Builds Windmills at Data Center Locations with No Capital Cost to User
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Zero Carbon Leadership  in British Columbia: BCNET
CANARIE Green Cyberinfrastructure Pilot --  $3M Allocation  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],25
The SC06  VMT Demonstrator Computation at the  Right  Place & Time! We Migrate Live Virtual Machines, Unbeknownst to Applications and Clients, for Data Affinity, Business Continuity / Disaster Recovery, Load Balancing, or Power Management  DataCenter @Tampa SC|2006 Nortel’s Sensor Services Platform Korea KREOnet Netherlight DRAC Controlled Lightpaths Internal/External Sensor Webs Amsterdam
CO2 Regulations and Universities
The IPCC Recommends  a 25-40% Reduction Below 1990 Levels by 2020 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
US EPA  Requires  GHG Reporting for Any Entity  Emitting Over 25,000 Metric Tons CO 2 e SOURCE:  US Environmental Protection Agency,  www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html First Measurements January 2010 First Reports Due January 2011
Most US Universities Will Become Regulated Entities --   Emitting Over 25,000 Metric Tons CO 2 e SOURCE:  American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment, http://acupcc.aashe.org/ Gross Emissions  Scope 1 & 2 (CO 2 e) Year US EPA GHG Rule Requires Reporting in 2011? 491,258 2008 YES! 52,2709 2008 YES! 80,498 2007 YES! 234,000 2008 YES! 309, 117 2008 YES! 192,862 2008 YES!
How Much Will Carbon Cap & Trade Cost Your Campus? Assume a 40MW Campus Like UCSD ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CA Indiana
Proposed Federal Cap & Trade Legislation Waxman-Markey ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Kerry-Boxer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],GHG Regulation in British Columbia Public Sector Institutions MUST Be Carbon Neutral! Source: Jerry Sheehan UCSD
Implications for Carbon Costs for the  University of British Columbia SOURCE:  UBC Sustainability Office, August 2009 University of British Columbia Greenhouse Gas Liability 2010-2012 2010 2011 2012 Carbon Offset $1,602,750 $1,602,750 $1,602,750 Carbon Tax $1,179,940 $1,474,925 $1,769,910 Total $2,782,690 $3,077,675 $3,372,660
Achieving Carbon Targets May Become A Requirement for Federal Funding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],U.K. Universities Secretary  John Denham SOURCE:  Carbon Offsets Daily, www.carbonoffsetsdaily.com/global/government-funding-to-reward-greenest-universities-3996.htm
We Need to Bring Together the Stakeholders To Cross-Educate and Seek Common Ground [email_address]
The College & University Leadership Opportunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],We believe colleges and universities must exercise leadership  in their communities and throughout society  by modeling ways to minimize global warming emissions… www.presidentsclimatecommitment.org
“ It Will Be the Biggest Single Peacetime Project Humankind Will Have Ever Undertaken”
Let’s Keep The Conversation Going Blogspot Twitter http://twitter.com/lsmarr www.facebook.com   Larry Smarr Facebook Larry Smarr Bill St. Arnaud http://billstarnaud.blogspot.com

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Educause09 Smarr Arnaud

  • 2. Abstract Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continue their relentless rise, even though the global CO2 level is already considerably higher than it has been on earth for over two million years.  One of the significant contributors to increased GHG is the ITC industry itself, roughly equal to the emissions from the aviation industry. As universities researchers increasingly employ computational and cyberinfrastructure technologies, these very enablers of modern scientific discovery are coming into question because of their growing contributions to GHG emissions.  As a result, some universities and R&E networks are starting to explore new types of computational and network architectures that not only benefit research, but also have reduced associated GHG emissions. Optical high speed research networks and distributed zero carbon cyberinfrastructure data centers with network virtualization, web services and grids will be a critical component of this emerging architecture.  We review the trends and spotlight specific projects that offer hope for averting this cyber-carbon crisis.
  • 3. Based on an EDUCAUSE Review Article and Web Bonus http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERM0960.pdf
  • 5.
  • 6. The Earth is Warming Over 100 Times Faster Today Than During the Last Ice Age Warming! http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/program_history/keeling_curve_lessons.html Monnin, et al., Science v. 291 pp. 112-114, Jan. 5, 2001. “ Keeling Curve” CO 2 Rose From 185 to 265ppm (80ppm) in 6000 years or 1.33 ppm per Century CO 2 Has Risen From 335 to 385ppm (50ppm) in 30 years or 1.6 ppm per Year
  • 7. The Planet is Already Committed to a Dangerous Level of Warming Temperature Threshold Range that Initiates the Climate-Tipping V. Ramanathan and Y. Feng, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD September 23, 2008 www.pnas.orgcgidoi10.1073pnas.0803838105 Additional Warming over 1750 Level Earth Has Only Realized 1/3 of the Committed Warming - Future Emissions of Greenhouse Gases Move Peak to the Right
  • 8. Global Climatic Disruption Example: The Arctic Sea Ice Mean of all records transformed to summer temperature anomaly relative to the 1961–1990 reference period, with first-order linear trend for all records through 1900 with 2 standard deviations “ A pervasive cooling of the Arctic in progress 2000 years ago continued through the Middle Ages and into the Little Ice Age. It was reversed during the 20th century, with four of the five warmest decades of our 2000-year-long reconstruction occurring between 1950 and 2000. The most recent 10-year interval (1999–2008) was the warmest of the past 200 decades.” Science v. 325 pp 1236 (September 4, 2009)
  • 9. Global Climatic Disruption Early Signs: Arctic Summer Ice is Rapidly Decreasing &quot;We are almost out of multiyear sea ice in the northern hemisphere--I've never seen anything like this in my 30 years of working in the high Arctic.” --David Barber, Canada's Research Chair in Arctic System Science at the University of Manitoba October 29, 2009 http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-10213891-54.html http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20091029/sc_nm/us_climate_canada_arctic_1
  • 10. Future Estimates of CO 2 Emissions From Energy: In an Aggressive CO 2 Emission Reduction Scenario www.shell.com/scenarios Estimated CO 2 Level in 2100 is 550ppm -- 40% Higher! Current CO 2 Level is ~390 ppm Carbon Emissions Continue to Build CO 2 Level
  • 11. Today’s CO 2 is Already Higher Than in Last 2 Million Years! Hönisch, et al. Science 19 June 2009 Vol. 324. p. 1551 350 400 450 500 550 Today’s CO 2 Level Possible Level by 2100, Shell “Blueprints” Scenario
  • 12. We Are Transitioning to a New Climate State -- Unlike the Rapid Recovery with Acid Rain or Ozone Hole Susan Solomon, et al., PNAS 2/10/2009 v. 106 pp1704-9 Assumes CO 2 Increases to a Maximum and Then Emissions Abruptly Stop Warming During the Industrial Age -- Last 200 Years Warming Persists for Over 1000 Years
  • 13.
  • 14. Campus IT Testbeds for the Greener Future
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Real-Time Monitoring of Building Energy Usage: UCSD Has 34 Buildings On-Line http://mscada01.ucsd.edu/ion/
  • 19.
  • 20. Dematerialization— Working in Mixed Virtual/Physical Spaces We Run Video Sykpe Continuously During Office Hours Kristen Reads My Email, Sets My Calendar. Works With Amy on My Trips Virtual Kristen Kristen Prints Here For Amy Real Amy
  • 21. Linking the Calit2 Auditoriums at UCSD and UCI with HD for Shared Seminars September 8, 2009 Photo by Erik Jepsen, UC San Diego Avoiding Travel Between Campuses September 8, 2009
  • 22. High Definition Video Connected OptIPortals: Virtual Working Spaces for Data Intensive Research Source: Falko Kuester, Kai Doerr Calit2; Michael Sims, NASA NASA Ames Lunar Science Institute Mountain View, CA NASA Interest in Supporting Virtual Institutes LifeSize HD
  • 23. Multi-User Global Workspace: San Diego, Chicago, Saudi Arabia Source: Tom DeFanti, KAUST Project, Calit2
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29. UCSD is Installing Zero Carbon Emission Solar and Fuel Cell DC Electricity Generators San Diego’s Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant Produces Waste Methane UCSD 2.8 Megawatt Fuel Cell Power Plant Uses Methane 2 Megawatts of Solar Power Cells Being Installed Available Late 2009 Use to Power Local Data Centers
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32. Many Zero Carbon Data Centers Exist Worldwide Hydro-Electric Powered Data Centers Data Islandia Digital Data Archive ASIO Solar Powered Data Centers Wind Powered Data Centers Ecotricity in UK Builds Windmills at Data Center Locations with No Capital Cost to User
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. The SC06 VMT Demonstrator Computation at the Right Place & Time! We Migrate Live Virtual Machines, Unbeknownst to Applications and Clients, for Data Affinity, Business Continuity / Disaster Recovery, Load Balancing, or Power Management DataCenter @Tampa SC|2006 Nortel’s Sensor Services Platform Korea KREOnet Netherlight DRAC Controlled Lightpaths Internal/External Sensor Webs Amsterdam
  • 36. CO2 Regulations and Universities
  • 37.
  • 38. US EPA Requires GHG Reporting for Any Entity Emitting Over 25,000 Metric Tons CO 2 e SOURCE: US Environmental Protection Agency, www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html First Measurements January 2010 First Reports Due January 2011
  • 39. Most US Universities Will Become Regulated Entities -- Emitting Over 25,000 Metric Tons CO 2 e SOURCE: American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment, http://acupcc.aashe.org/ Gross Emissions Scope 1 & 2 (CO 2 e) Year US EPA GHG Rule Requires Reporting in 2011? 491,258 2008 YES! 52,2709 2008 YES! 80,498 2007 YES! 234,000 2008 YES! 309, 117 2008 YES! 192,862 2008 YES!
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43. Implications for Carbon Costs for the University of British Columbia SOURCE: UBC Sustainability Office, August 2009 University of British Columbia Greenhouse Gas Liability 2010-2012 2010 2011 2012 Carbon Offset $1,602,750 $1,602,750 $1,602,750 Carbon Tax $1,179,940 $1,474,925 $1,769,910 Total $2,782,690 $3,077,675 $3,372,660
  • 44.
  • 45. We Need to Bring Together the Stakeholders To Cross-Educate and Seek Common Ground [email_address]
  • 46.
  • 47. “ It Will Be the Biggest Single Peacetime Project Humankind Will Have Ever Undertaken”
  • 48. Let’s Keep The Conversation Going Blogspot Twitter http://twitter.com/lsmarr www.facebook.com Larry Smarr Facebook Larry Smarr Bill St. Arnaud http://billstarnaud.blogspot.com

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Bill 44-2007 was introduced in 2007 and enacted into law in 2008. The law is known as the Greenhouse Gas Reductions Target Act. The Act establishes greenhouse gas emission target levels for the Province. 2020 BC GHG will be 33% less than 2007. 2050 BC GHG will be 80% less than 2007. Bill mandates that by 2010 each public sector organization must be carbon neutral. If a public sector organization can not achieve carbon neutrality then they are required to purchase offsets at $24/ton