1. Expanding the reach of education through technology Richard Anderson Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Washington Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 1

3. Focus on classroom instruction

4. Challenges:

5. Extending reach of education

6. Increasing interaction

7. Addressing problems of scale

8. Facilitating expression of ideasDec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 2

9. Past and Current Research Projects Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 3 Video conferenced distance education UW PMP DISC ConferenceXP Center for Collaborative Technologies Presentation systems Classroom Presenter 2.0 Classroom Presenter 3.0 Classroom interaction systems Classroom Feedback System CATs for CS1 Structured Interaction Presentations (SIP) Student submissions with CP Tutored Video Instruction UW CC TVI Project Beihang TVI project Digital StudyHall

11. Classroom use

12. Technology development and promotion

13. Goals and success criteria

14. Adoption of technology and methodology

15. Influence educational practice

16. Target specific deployments

17. Innovate in some aspect of deploymentDec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 4

18. Today’s Talk Distance Learning and Video Conferenced Classes Tutored Video Instruction Digital Study Hall Educational Technology for Low Resource Environments Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 5

20. UW Master’s Program

21. Site-to-site courses between UW and Microsoft since Winter 1997

22. www.cs.washington.edu/education/dl/course_index.html

23. Master’s level courses

24. Goal: interaction across sites

25. Approximate single classroom

26. Various technologies have been used since the program was introducedDec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 6

27. Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 7

28. Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 8

30. Winter 1997 – Winter 2002

31. Polycom + Netmeeting for PPT and SmartBoard

32. MSR DISC Project

33. Target: UW, CMU, UCB, Brown graduate class

34. Spring 2002

35. ConferenceXP

36. Since Spring 2003

37. Four way courses, Autumn 2004, Autumn 2005, Autumn 2006

38. UW, MSR, UCB, UCSDDec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 9

40. High bandwidth internet video conferencing

41. Internet2

42. Multicast

43. Single machine deployment

44. High end PC

45. Performance limit: handling multiple high resolutions video streams

46. Innovative presentation toolsDec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 10

48. Technology and systems failures

49. Multicast networking

50. High cost of interruptions

51. Audio

52. Loss of trust

53. Room configuration issues

54. Lack of control of lecture room

55. Production quality

56. Meta lesson

57. Learn more from failures than from successes

58. How to Fail at VideoConferenced Teaching

59. Microsoft Faculty Summit 2002

60. Anderson & BeaversDec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 11

61. Success in distance classes Goals Real time interaction between sites High quality video Challenges High bandwidth connections Multicast vs. Unicast Classroom Audio Establishing a pattern of interaction Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 12

62. Going International March 29, 2008, LACCIR Meeting Latin American and Carribbean Collaboration for ICT Research Seattle and University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Seminar presentation October 15, 2008 CXP Unicast reflector Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 13

63. Masters class, UW - Pakistan Masters class University of Washington Lahore University of Management Science Microsoft Computing for the Developing world Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 14

64. Technical Challenges Ensuring adequate bandwidth Limited bandwidth to Pakistan Reliability Multicast Ensuring this did not compromise UW-MS class Limited time to prepare Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 15

65. Basic PMP setup (2 sites) Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 16 CXP Video cameras Video cameras PMP VENUE Audio Audio Video Displays Video Displays Speakers Speakers UW Microsoft Archiver Student Tablets Student Tablets CP3 Display CP3 Instructor CP3 Display CP3

66. 3-way setup for UW, MS, LUMS Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 17 Microsoft LUMS CP3 CP3 PMP Venue 1 PMP Venue 2 Archiver UW CP3 Server CP3

67. Use of Classroom Presenter Tablet PC based presentation and classroom interaction system Ink based presentation Classroom Activites Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 18

68. Classroom Presenter Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 19 Student Instructor Public Display Student

69. Classroom Activities Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 20

70. Project status High connectivity for 9 out of 10 classes One lecture originated from Pakistan Only failure was on the UW-Microsoft Link (which also brought down UW-Pakistan) Improved audio (microphone issues) Participation of students from Pakistan Student submissions Questions and discussions Multiple rounds of audio communication Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 21

71. Key lessons Participants must have incentive for a distance course Instructor need to make an effort to create multisite interaction Active participants at remote sites help Time zones and scheduling are major issues Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 22

73. Original model: lectures stopped by students for discussion

74. Peer tutors

75. Developed by Jim Gibbons at Stanford University

76. Positive results reported in Science [1977]Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 23

77. UW TVI Projects Introductory programming Address community college articulation Experiment with alternate approaches to introductory computing instruction UW – Beihang Algorithms course Offering of UW Algorithms course in China Digital StudyHall Primary education in rural India Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 24

78. Tutored Video Instruction Recorded lecture materials Generally based on live classes Class model Lecture playback alternating with facilitator led discussion Facilitation models Gibbons: Peer instruction Active facilitation Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 25

79. UW-Beihang Algorithms Class Offer a course in Beijing based on UW course UW instructor could not teach the course in China Scheduling prevented a live course offering 1:30 pm in Seattle is 4:30 am in Beijing Materials captured from live class Tutored Video Instruction Slides, talking head, digital ink Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 26

80. Involvement with Remote Site Set up visit Met with Teaching Assistants Tested all technology Trained Teaching Assistants in facilitation Gave classes to students to demonstrate technology and TVI Midterm visit Observed classes Gave lecture without recorded video Regular communication with Teaching Assistants Data collection Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 27

81. Course Delivery Applications displayed Webviewer for video replay Classroom Presenter Teaching Assistants would show video or show CP for inking on slides or classroom interaction Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 28

82. Summary of Project Results Offering successful Technology, institutional relationship Cross-cultural issues English language materials were comprehensible Classroom discussion primarily in Chinese Facilitation model Significant support for facilitators Classroom activities successful (and popular) Facilitators innovative and reproduced some of the instruction Interactive and informal classroom atmosphere Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 29

83. Language Issues Lectures delivered in English Language exposure consider to be a positive side effect of the course Teaching assistants facilitated in English But discussions were generally in Chinese Students reported using lectures outside of class Instructor observations from site visit Chinese students had substantially more English listening than speaking experience Recorded lectures did contain some colloquial usage and cultural specific references which were lost Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 30

84. Facilitation Support provided for facilitators Lecture notes Activities Facilitators invested a larger effort in preparation Studying videos Planning how to cover content Active facilitation Worked through lecture examples Led activities Asked questions to students Example: facilitators working through example from lecture slides Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 31 Instructor Facilitator A Facilitator C Facilitator B

85. Classroom Activities Tablet PC supported activities Student submission model Used for every lecture Technology generally successful Considered very positive by students High rate of participation Provided a structure for active learning Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 32

86. Classroom Environment Contrast to traditional large lecture class Highly interactive class Interaction episodes measured by observation logs and videos of Beihang classes Average of 13 interaction episodes per class, 10 with students speaking UW class averaged about 20 interaction episodes per equivalent length of time Beihang episodes averaged a greater number of rounds of communication Class atmosphere was informal Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 33

88. Technology, institutional relationship

89. Cross-cultural issues

90. English language materials were comprehensible

91. Classroom discussion primarily in Chinese

92. Facilitation model

93. Significant support for facilitators

94. Classroom activities successful (and popular)

95. Facilitators innovative and reproduced some of the instruction

96. Interactive and informal classroom atmosphereDec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 34

98. Collaboration with Randy Wang in Lucknow

99. Tutored Video Instruction for primary education in rural India

100. YouTube + Netflix Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 35

101. Key components A people’s database Mediation based pedagogy Hub and spoke model Content distribution by DVD Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 36

103. Each hub works with a number of poor village or slum schoolsDec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 37

104. Digital StudyHall Evaluation Study Classroom study starts July 2009 Two year study 12 schools in Uttar Pradesh 12 DSH Classrooms 12 Traditional Classrooms Evaluate Learning gains through pretest/posttest Classroom observations Study impact on teachers Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 38

106. Tools for teaching

107. Teacher and students drive the process

108. Flexible and unpredictable use

109. Importance of high reliability

110. And attention to address issues

111. Broader context – interplay of technology and other issuesDec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 39

112. Educational Technology for Low Resource Environments Facilitated Video Instruction Biggest opportunity to enhance expertise Synchronous Distance Limited applications – but some specific cases of interest Classroom capture Classroom Computing Computer lab and individual devices Computing Education Lack of technical literacy is a limiting factor Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 40

113. Facilitated Video Instruction Recorded video with a facilitator Take advantage of expertise Facilitator has very important role Applicable to a broad range of educational domains Primary and secondary Health Agriculture Vocational College Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 41

114. Facilitated Video Instruction Applicability for low resource environments Low cost Replay (TV + DVD) Digital Video + PC based editing Locally created content Key components Facilitation methodology Support for facilitator Program structure Content creation through delivery Technology Video production tool chain Content distribution Delivery Feedback and monitoring Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 42

115. Synchronous Distance Education Bandwidth is a significant issue Low bandwidth + high cost May be relevant for institutional outreach programs Arvind Eye Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India International medical education Positive side effect: classroom capture Risk: Driven by need to justify infrastructure – not for educational needs Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 43

116. Classroom Computing School based computing Risk: deployments leading educational goals Challenge: maximize benefits of “computers for schools initiatives” Models Low cost educational devices Classmate, OLPC, Asus eee, … Shared use Multipoint School server Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 44

117. Computing Education Shortage of trained professionals Hostile Computing Ecosystem Very high virus infection Poorly administered machines Solutions Computing practices and maintenance Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 45

119. anderson@cs.washington.edu

120. Classroom Presenter

121. http://www.cs.washington.edu/education/dl/presenter/

122. Center for Collaborative Technologies at UW

123. http://cct.cs.washington.edu/

124. Digital StudyHall

125. http://dsh.cs.washington.edu/Dec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 46

127. Jay Beavers, Jane Prey, Randy Hinrichs, Chris Moffatt, Jason Van Eaton, Paul Oka, Steve Wolfman, Ken Yasuhara, Andrew Whitaker, Ruth Anderson, Craig Prince, Valentin Razmov, Natalie Linnell, Krista Davis, Jonathon Su, Sara Su, Peter Davis, Tammy VanDeGrift, Joe Tront, Alon Halevy, Gaetano Borriello, Ed Lazowska, Hal Perkins, Susan Eggers, Fred Videon, Rod Prieto, Oliver Chung, Crystal Hoyer, Beth Simon, Eitan Feinberg, Julia Schwarz, Jim Fridley, Tom Hinkley, Ning Li, Jing Li, Luo Jie, Jiangfeng Chen, Melody Kadenko, Julie Svendsen, Shannon GillmoreDec 15, 2008 Microsoft Learning 47