1. “Business Opportunities in Peru
and Peru Japan EPA”
Carlos Aquino Rodríguez
Professor, San Marcos National University
Mail: carloskobe2005@yahoo.com
3. Index
• I. Why Peru?
• II. Overview of Peru and Japan economic
relationship
• III. Peru Japan EPA
• IV. Opportunities
• V. Conclusions
4. 構成
• I. ペルーの魅力
• II. ペルーと日本の経済関係
• III. 両国間EPA
• IV. 両国政府・企業への期待
• V. むすび
5. I. Why Peru?
• Peru is a middle income country, with a GDP per capita
of 5,890 dollars (2011) and a population of 30 million
people.
• It has achieved sustained growth of its economy in the
last ten years
• It is establishing a modern legal and stable framework
• Increasing participation in the global economy
• Strategic location in South Pacific
• Vast natural resources and variety of climates
• High potential growth sectors
7. Gross Domestic Product 2000-2011
(In billions of US$
Source: Central Reserve Bank of Peru (BCRP)
Prepared by: ProInversión
8. Economic Growth Rate
Projections – Latin America: 2012-2014
(Annual Average Variation%)
Source: Ministry of Economy and Finances (MEF) and IMF
9. Exports from Peru to mains partners in Asia members of APEC (in million dollars)
(FOB)
Source: Peru’s Customs Office:
http://www.aduanet.gob.pe/aduanas/informae/BalContiZonaPais_01122011.htm
Country/Economy 1993 1997 2003 2006 2008 2010 2011
World Total 3,344.40 6,741.75 8,939.82 23,431.43 31,162.75 35,073.25 45,636.0
Australia 14.99 16.31 53.12 38.25 79.81 117.5 115.0
South Korea 59.36 91.50 176.34 545.27 551.69 894.9 1,694.9
China 140.84 490.06 676.96 2,267.27 3,737.24 5,425.9 6,961.4
Hong Kong 28.60 68.82 30.31 42.14 54.21 78.5 91.9
Japan 299.04 473.57 391.16 1,229.76 1,853.18 1,790.4 2,174.6
New Zeeland 1.50 - 3.72 7.59 12.60 13.5 18.3
Russia 9.90 9.48 14.18 25.61 21.74 57.9 79.3
Taiwan 118.78 159.11 147.28 415.03 596.11 293.0 368.7
10. I. Why Peru?
• Peru’s economy is the one growing faster in Latin
America
• In the present difficult world economic situation
the country is well prepared to face it. Public debt
is 21% of GDP, and Net International Reserves are
58.2 billions dollars (around 30% of GDP)
• In the medium and long term the perspectives
are good.
• Peru has a lot of natural resources and a growing
population. A sizeable middle class is appearing
12. What are the challenges?
• In the short term improvement of physical
infrastructure is needed
• Also the improvement of educational standards is
an urgent task
• Government spending capacity should be
improved
• And we need to give more valued added to our
natural resources
• For that we need also foreign investment and
new foreign markets
14. II. Overview of Peru and Japan economic
relationship
• Political and economic relations are in their best
moment of history
• Peru and Japan relationship is very old
• Peru was the first country in Latin America to establish
diplomatic relations with Japan, in 1873
• Peru was the first country to receive Japan FDI, in 1888
• Peru was also the first country to receive Japanese
immigration in South America, from 1899. As a result
Peru has the second largest community of people of
japanese origin in the region.
15. II. ペルーと日本の経済関係 ①
• 現在両国は、政治・経済の両面で史上最
良の関係にある
• 長い歴史のある両国関係
• ペルーは、1873年にラテンアメリカで最
初に日本と国交を樹立、1888年には世界
で初めて日本のFDIを受入れた。
• また、1899には南米で初めて日本から移
民を受入れ、その結果、 ラテンアメリカ
で二番目に大きい日系人社会が存在して
いる
16. II. Overview of Peru and Japan economic
relationship
• Japan is the seventh largest trade partner of Peru. In
the year 2011 two way trade was 3.5 bilions dollars.
• Peru exported that year 2,174 million dollars to
Japan, 20% more than in 2010, and imported 1,307
million dollars, 5% less than the year before
• Most of Peru exports to Japan are raw materials, like
copper, natural gas, fishmeal, zinc, lead, iron
ore, etc, while imports from Japan are manufactured
goods (vehicles, machinery, etc.).
• Japan is the fifth largest export destination and the
10th biggest source of Peru imports
17. II. ペルーと日本の経済関係 ②
• 日本は、ペルーにとって世界第七位の貿易相
手国である。2011年の両国間貿易額は、35億
ドルで、日本への輸出は前年比20%増の
21.74億ドル、日本からの輸入は、前年比5%
減の13.07億ドルであった。
• 日本への主な輸出品は、銅、天然ガス、魚
粉、亜鉛、鉛、鉄鉱石等の一次産品であり、
日本からの主な輸入品は、工業製品(自動
車、機械等)である。
• 日本は、輸出先として世界第五位、輸入元と
して第10位の相手国である。
18. II. Overview of Peru and Japan economic
relationship
• Foreign Direct Investment in Peru has been
growing steadily in the last years.
• The stock of Japan FDI in Peru at the end of 2011
was 432 millions dollars according to
Proinversion.
• Japan is the 14th largest source of FDI in Peru and
the second largest from Asia.
• Japan FDI is mainly in the mining, industrial and
commercial sector.
• Peru and Japan have signed a BIT
22. II. Overview of Peru and Japan
economic relationship
• Regarding Japan’s ODA, Peru is the largest
recipient in Latin America of such aid, according
to data from Japan’s Embassy in Peru.
• At the end of 2009 that amount reached 5,909
million dollars, around 17% of the total in the
region.
• There is an important community of Peruvians
living in Japan, around 57 thousand (the fifth
largest group of foreigners living in the country)
• Peru and Japan are members of APEC forum, and
have signed an EPA.
25. III. Peru Japan EPA
• The agreement was signed in May 2011 and
came into effect in March 1st this year
• Thanks to this agreement tariffs to around 99% of
traded items will be zero in ten years time.
• In the peruvian side, products likely to benefit are
agroindustrial, fishery, foresty, textile and
apparel, etc.
• In the japanese side vehicles, machinery, electric
appliances will benefit
27. III. Peru Japan EPA
• The agreement also cover the theme of
services, movement of persons, investment.
• An important point of the agreement is
cooperation aspect
• This cover several areas like human resource
development (for SMEs for example), technical
assistance and the sending of experts in the field
of fisheries, environment, information
technology, tourism, agriculture, transport
29. IV.-1 Opportunities
• Peru has a wide range of FTA agreements with
important economies, like
U.S, Canada, China, South Korea, European
Union, and most of Latin American countries
• Peru is also negotiating a comprehensive
trade liberalization scheme within the TPP
agreement involving 9 countries in the Pacific
Rim
31. IV.-2 What to do?
• Japanese businessmen have to be more active
at doing business
• Also Peru businessmen have to do that.
• It is important to know each other
idiosyncrasy, culture, etc.
• In that sense CEPEJA has a lot of job to do
33. Conclusions
• In Peru we have many things to do, and one of
these is to know more about the Japanese
market, its consumers needs, its businessmen
way of doing business
• This is Peru time. Peruvians believe that.
• We hope you share with us that opportunity
• Thank you