1. Introductory Concepts

2. RAIDS Revision Arrangement Invention Delivery Style

3. IAR Questions What is invention? (What activities did the writer(s) have to engage in to create the text?) What is being invented? (What ideas, practices, arguments, etc. are created through the text?) What is being arranged? (What is being put in relation to what?) What is arrangement? (How are things being put in relation to one another?) What is being revised? (What is the writer(s) trying to change (e.g. what ideas, practices, etc.?)) What is revision? (What is the writer trying to change (e.g. what ideas, practices, etc.?)

4. SWAP Analysis Subject Writer Audience Purpose

5. Rhetorical Appeals (Proofs) Logos Pathos Ethos

6. Building the Logos One part argument : the claim alone Two part argument: the enthymeme Warrant (major premise) is implied Three part argument: Full Toulmin model

7. Building Blocks of Arguments: Values and Facts Values Facts Using sources Personal experience Testimony of others Authority

8. Reliability of sources Online sources – be careful…

9. Ethos The Elements of Ethos Good Sense Good Will Good Moral Character

10. Ethos Types of Ethos Extrinsic Ethos Intrinsic Ethos

11. Establishing Ethos in Writing Intellectual Virtue of Reasonableness I am not an extremist I know the other side and they are wrong I see merit on the other side I concede one or more points to the other side I may be wrong, but…

12. Pathos Are emotional appeals legitimate?

13. Evoking Pathos in Argument Choosing words carefully Euphemisms Periphrasis or circumlocution (taking the long way around) Descriptive language