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3 notti studying and monitoring
1. Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
Studying and monitoring large landslides
with persistent scatterer data
Davide Notti (*), Claudia Meisina (*), Alessio Colombo(**), Luca Lanteri
(**) & Francesco Zucca (*)
(*) Univ. di Pavia Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’Ambiente
(**) ARPA - Piemonte - (Italy)
2. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
INTRODUCTION
It is important to study large landslides of slow type. Even if a catastrophic collapse is
improbable, they cause direct and indirect damage and are often associated with more rapid
and dangerous landslides processes….
It is difficult to map and monitoring with traditional monitoring these landslides: low rate of
movement, large extensions and logistic problems.
The Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) techniques through an elaboration of temporal
series of SAR satellite images allow to detect slow ground displacement (from few mm/yr to
some cm/yr) where radar targets are widespread diffused. Several geological processes can be
detected and monitored: subsidence, tectonics, periglacial processes and Extremely and very
slow landslides (Cruden and Varnes, 1996)
From 1992…. a progressive improvement of sensors, data covertures and processing
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
3. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
AIMS OF THE WORK
Test the potentially of the PSI techniques in the study of large slow landslides (>
0.2 km2)
At regional Scale: PSI capability to update landslides inventory (e.g. state of activity,..)
and to monitor landslides in comparison with other instruments;
At local scale: to analyze the large landslide kinematics through specific case histories in
the Alps with particular focus on spatial and temporal analysis of the movement.
The study ares is the NW Italy (Alps, Ligurian Alps, Langhe Hills and Oltrepò Pavese)
The PS data used come from Radarsat (2003-2010) satellite and ERS (1992-2000) satellite
processed with SqueeSAR™ (Ferretti et al, 2011) and PSInSAR™ (Ferretti et al, 2001)
algorithm.
Cooperation with:
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
4. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS
An Heterogeneous geological settings and
wide areas (16’000 km2)
Typical Processes:
Deep Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation
(DSGSD) in the Alps especially
calcschist and gneiss formations
Complex landslides
(Oltrepò Pavese)
in
NW
in
the
Apennine
Planar slide in Langhe Hills.
Large landslides distributions
(From IFFI landslides inventory)
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
5. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
1. Analysis at regional scale
1820 large
landslides
In the Alps about 60% of large landslides
have useful PS (> 2 PS and > 30 PS/km 2) data
(using Radarsat SqueeSAR).
In Langhe Hills and Apennines the
percentage of landslides with significant PS
data is lower.
Only a small percentage of this have
significant PS movement.
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
6. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
1. Analysis at regional scale
For DSGSD in the ALPS it is interesting also to consider the results for different lithologies:
The percentage of landslides suitable for PSI analysis is related with talus and debris
The percentage of “PS active landsides” depends from the type of deformation and it is in
agreement with previous study (Forlati et al, 1995)
% suitable DSGSD for PS analysis (ALPS)
100%
90%
80%
70%
Ductile
deformations
Brittle
deformations
Non Active
Active
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
37%
14%
15%
0%
9%
0%
Calchschist
Minute Gneiss
Augen Gneiss
Limestone /
Dolomite
Serpentines
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
7. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
1. Analysis at regional scale
PS and other monitoring systems in Piemonte Region
PS + other
Motoring
100%
Only other
Monitoring
80%
Only PS
Monitoring
60%
No informations
Respect to in situ monitoring
PSI techniques provide a
large database of landslides
monitored.
40%
20%
0%
ALPS
Langhe Hills
100%
Monitored landslide in The Alps vs
average Vslope
90%
The PS have not programmed
distributions while monitoring system
are installed where necessary
80%
% Monitored Landslides
On the other hand the monitoring
systems are installed on landslides
that present relevant movement.
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
> -5
-5 / -10
-10 / -15
Vslope class
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
<- 15
8. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
The
case
Histories
are
representative of large landslides
in the NW Alps. In Each case PS
data play a different role….
1
2
3
1) Alpe Baranca : Only
PS
2)
3)
Brenvetto: PS + GPS
Rosone: Many
monitoring systems,
modeling.
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
9. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.1 DSGSD - Alpe Baranca
Val Mastallone
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
10. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.1 DSGSD - Alpe Baranca
DSGSD with brittle behavior:
> relevant bulge of profile
> Talus and rockfall
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
11. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.1 DSGSD - Alpe Baranca
No monitoring,
Geomorphological evidence
After 2000 flood event a scarp appeared in the
upper part of landslide, with PS it is possible to
well discriminate the stable and unstable area
Radarsat Data show faster
movement then ERS
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
12. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.1 DSGSD - Alpe Baranca
No monitoring,
Geomorphological evidence
After 2000 flood event a scarp appeared in the
upper part of landslide, with PS it is possible to
well discriminate the stable and unstable area
Radarsat Data show faster
movement then ERS
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
13. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.1 DSGSD - Alpe Baranca
Good
orientation
Deep of sliding Surface
unknown
slope
It was possible to
resolve the EW and
vertical component
of the velocity
Structural and geomorphological survey : Maffeo and Zanotelli, 2008
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
14. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.1 DSGSD - Alpe Baranca
but not significant acceleration was detected from TS, Radarsat data show a possible unwrapping
errors
Radarsat SqueeSAR
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
10
1996
1995
ERS TS
2000
TS
0
-10
6 M Rainfall
1700
October 2000
Flood event
1400
-20
1100
-30
800
-40
500
-50
200
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
15. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.2 Brenvetto Landslide
N
Soana, Valley (NW –Alps)
close
to
Piamprato
village.
The landslides is located
in the calcschist-ophiolitic
complex between Gran
Paradiso
Massif
and
Sesia-Lanzo unit.
Notable
quaternary
deposits
glacial
and
colluvial deposits
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
16. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.2 Brenvetto Landslide
A Complex landslides inside a DSGSD with
strong evidence of deformation.
Rockfall and rapid flow in the lower part of
the slope (a relict landslide blocked the
Soana stream)
Possible damages to main road of the valley
F. CARRARO, M. G. FORNO, P. C. BOCCA (1995)
- Fenomeni gravitativi nell'alta Val Soana
(Torino).Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 50 (1995), 45-58.
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
17. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.2 Brenvetto Landslide
PS and GPS show the
relative strong movement of
the complex landslide ( > 100
mm/yr) while DSGSD seems
stable
A good agreement between
data of the two different
monitoring systems
Good PS spatial density
allow to well define the
landslide boundary
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
18. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.2 Brenvetto Landslide
PS and GPS show the
relative strong movement of
the complex landslide ( > 100
mm/yr) while DSGSD seems
stable
A good agreement between
data of the two different
monitoring systems
Good PS spatial density
allow to well define the
landslide boundary
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
19. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.2 Brenvetto Landslide
PS and GPS show a good agreement
also for the time series.
The movement is linear and is not
significantly affected by rainfall or snow
melting
The velocity of this landslide is close to
the limit of PS techniques, and some
error of unwrapping can cause a little
underestimation of movement
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
20. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.3 DSGSD - Rosone
A Simple
geological
settings…
Augen Gneiss
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
21. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.3 DSGSD - Rosone
The landslides affect a pen-stock and hydro-electric plant so from 60’s it is monitored
and modeled and many literature is available on this deformations..
Chiriotti, E. (1997): Mathematical modeling of the behavior of the large deep-seated
gravitational slope deformation of Rosone (in Italian). PhD thesis, Politecnico di Torino, Italy;
FORLATI F., GIODA G. & SCAVIA C. (2001) Finite element analysis of a deep seated slope
deformation. In printing: Rock Mech. and Rock Eng.
PISANI G., CASTELLI M. & C. SCAVIA C. (2010) - Hydrogeological model and hydraulic behavior
of a large landslide in the Italian Western Alps. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 2391–2406,
2010
RAMASCO M., STOPPA T. & SUSELLA G. (1989) - La deformazione gravitativa profonda di Rosone
in Valle dell'Orco. Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 108(03), 1989, pp. 401-
PS can help?
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
22. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.3 DSGSD - Rosone
Geomorphological map from Ramasco et al, 1989
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
23. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.3 DSGSD - Rosone
The PSI analysis is possible
only in the sector A and B:
- The sector A presents weak
movements (5 mm/yr) in the
eastern part and moderate
movements (up to 10 mm/yr)
- The sector B is characterized
by moderate movements from
10 to 20 mm/yr. It is possible
to see that a scarp borders a
sub-sector
with
major
movement.
- The sector C does not have
significant PS data. The GPS
and
optical
measurements
show a velocity from 45 up to
130 mm/yr.
Direction of the movement: SSE; VLOS / VSLOPE = 0.65
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
24. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.3 DSGSD - Rosone
Sliding surface from inclinometers
A
B
C
Velocity mm/yr
Landslide sectors
GPS
Optical
Inclin.
PSI Vslope
A
12
5
< 10
4 - 10
B
20
15
10 - 30
10 - 20
C
45 - 130
38 - 43
n/a
n/a
2001-2011
2001-2011
1991-2008
2003-2009
Period
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
25. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
2. Analysis at local scale
2.3 DSGSD - Rosone
The TS show a weak change in the
trend
Slow movement in the period 20052008 may be related to dry period;
No critical events during PS
monitoring (2003-2009)
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
26. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
Conclusions
At regional scale the most interesting results are :
in the Alps where the new processing techniques like SqueeSAR allow a high density of
targets in the area covered by talus and debris more than 50 % of large landslides are
suitable for PS analysis
Respect to in situ monitoring PSI techniques provide a large database of landslides
monitored. On the other hand traditional monitoring is installed only where it is
necessary.
Only few new large landslides were discovered with PS data. PSI techniques are more
useful to update landslides state of activity and boundary.
The analysis of the data confirm that the DSGSD in calcschist formations in Western
Alps are the more active than others.
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
27. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
Conclusions
At local scale the most interesting results are :
1. Alpe Baranca DSGSD the role of PSI coupled with geomorphological analysis was
fundamental because it was the only available monitoring system. PS data ERS (19922000) and RADARSAT (2003-2009) confirm the movement of the unstable sector before
and after the paroxysm event of October 2000 (even if it is not registered).
2. The Brenvetto complex landslide. is an example of good integration of PSI and GPS data;
both spatial and temporal distributions of the movement (time series) agree and well
match the geomorphological evidence.
3. The Rosone Landslides is one of the most studied landslides in western Alps. In this case
the PSI data confirm the already dense and heterogeneous monitoring system network
and the other evidence. It was decided to integrate and largely replace the old
monitoring system with a regular PSI analysis for the slower sectors (A and B).
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )
28. Studying and monitoring large landslides with persistent scatterer data
Thanks for your attention !
International conference Vajont, 1963-2013 - Padua, (October 8-10, 2013 )