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Brief Audiovisual Introduction to 
Environmental Radioactivity 
Prepared by Cesar Harada for the Hong Kong Harbour School, Sept 6th 2014 
Questions 
1. What is matter? 
2. What is nuclear power? 
3. What is nuclear energy? What is a nuclear bomb? 
4. What happened in Hiroshima & Nagasaki? 
5. What happened in Chernobyl? What is happening in Fukushima? 
6. What is safe, and what is unsafe radiation? 
7. How much nuclear weapons do we have? What is nuclear winter? 
8. Where are nuclear power plants? What about Hong Kong? 
9. Radioactivity in air, land, water and food. 
10. How to measure radioactivity? What can I do about it? 
11. How to protect from radioactivity? 
Introduction to nuclear power, weapons and 
radioactive pollution in the environment for school 
kids. No science background required. We are trying 
to address the questions and anxieties kids may 
have about the nuclear power. We explain how we 
can contribute to a better understanding of 
radioactivity in the environment from a citizen 
science perspective. 
CAUTION : some concepts and images may be 
shocking if not explained appropriately. 
contact@cesarharada.com 
Creative Commons 3.0 international, Attribution, 
Sharealike
What is matter? What is a nucleus? 
All the objects from everyday life that we can bump 
into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This 
atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting 
subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and 
neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter 
“The Powers of Ten” (1977)films are two short American documentary films 
written and directed by Charles and Ray Eames.
Element, Mass, Speed, Stability 
http://www.wpclipart.com/science/atoms_molecules/periodic_tables/periodic_table_of_the_elements.png
What is nuclear energy? Nuclear Fission and fusion, Nuclear Power plant and the Large Hadron Collider 
Fusion and Fission Nuclear power plant Large Hadron Collider
Radioactivity and human health. Chernobyl & Pripyat
What is a “safe” level of exposition to radioactivity?
What is a nuclear bomb? What happened in Hiroshima & Nagasaki? 
1944 “Little Boy” on 
Hiroshima was 12Kt 
1961 “Tsar Bomba” 57’000 Kt 
4750 times more power
Where are nuclear bombs today? 
http://www.ploughshares.org/sites/def 
ault/files/imagecache/blog_full_span/ 
Worldwide_nuclear_testing.png 
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/eric-margolis/do-we-really-need-to-blow_ 
b_491367.html
What is nuclear winter? 
http://www.wired.com/2011/02/nuclear-war-climate-change/ 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCTKc 
d2Ko98 
This documentary was made in 1984, at the 
peak of the cold war era, when the 
possibility of a nuclear World War III was a 
palpable possibility.
The current crisis in Fukushima Japan
What happened in Chernobyl & Pripyat
Where is nuclear waste ? 
Buried in “geological repositories”. In the oceans.
Pros and cons of nuclear power 
Pros 
● Steady, predictable 
● Low Co2 emissions 
● Stable cost 
● Energy independency 
Cons 
● Accident, war vulnerability 
● Radioactive waste disposal 
● Global climate potential impact 
● Security, economic, social and health concerns
Precautionary principle is not applied for nuclear power. Game Theory and deception is use as nuclear weapons proliferate. 
“The precept that an action should not be taken if the consequences are uncertain and potentially 
dangerous.” 
“We do not inherit the Earth from our Ancestors, we borrow it from our Children” 
The cold war continues as we keep producing more nuclear weapons on every sides. 
http://science.howstuffworks.com/game-theory5.htm
Where are nuclear power plants today?
Nuclear power in China
How safe is Hong Kong? 
http://www.hko.gov.hk/radiation/ermp/rmn/applet/map/rmn_hourly_e.htm
Daya Bay Nuclear power plant 
Contengency plan “in the unlikely event of a nuclear accident at the Nuclear power stations at Daya Bay” : 
http://www.dbcp.gov.hk/eng/dbcp/download.htm 
Full contengency plan : http://www.dbcp.gov.hk/eng/dbcp/DBCP_Full_Version.pdf
Taishan Nuclear power plant 
http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1303433/green-groups-fear-most-dangerous- 
nuclear-power-plant-hong-kongs 
Daya Bay 
Taishan 
Yangjiang 
LuFeng
Hong Kong Government documents for Nuclear preparedness 
http://www.dbcp.gov.hk/
Warfare and vulnerability of nuclear installation. World War III hypothesis with first page google news search results. 
http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/08/ 
26/avoid-conflict-must-acknowledge-china-ambition/ 
sNHyMDZR7rtXwUi1bqpx8K/story.h 
tml 
When the balance of power is shifting, how 
can a declining nation’s desire to preserve the 
status quo be reconciled with an ascending 
rival’s desire to revise the world order to 
reflect its rising power? 
http://www.chinatopix.com/articles/8833/2014 
0904/xi-stirs-anti-japanese-spirit-among-chinese- 
citizens.htm 
China should gear up for many fights with 
"new historical characteristics" as they move 
towards their goals. They need to achieve 
"common prosperity" little by little for 
everyone and revive China's dreams, Xi said. 
http://www.ibtimes.com/north-korea-threatens-attack-us- 
nuclear-power-over-continuing-military-drills-south-korea- 
1653882 
North Korea Threatens To Attack US With Nuclear 
Power Over Continuing Military Drills With South Korea 
Tensions with the USA Tensions with Japan Tensions with North Korea
Cesar HARADA in Fukushima 2012. Focus on unmapped mountain terrain.
Cesar HARADA, Gabriella LEVINE, Joe MOROSS, in Fukushima 2013. Focus on underwater radioactivity.
Cesar HARADA in Fukushima 2014. Focus on seabed and sediment radioactivity. Oct 1 - 10th. 
NOAA, USA Pr. Ken Buesseler 
http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=127 
297 
Land -> Sea 
contamination 
data is missing 
Seafloor 
contamination 
map DOES NOT 
EXIST. 
CNRS, LSCE, France, Dr O. Evrard, 
http://www.nature.com/srep/2014/140403/sr 
ep04574/full/srep04574.html 
CNRS, LSCE, France, 
Radioactivity sensors for 
geologic studies
Pilot testing in Hong Kong, Land, Air, Sea, Seafood. 
Daya Bay 
Taishan 
Yangjiang 
LuFeng
Pilot off the coast of Fukushima
How to measure radioactivity on the sea bed? 
Let’s figure it out together

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Environmental radioactivity, Audiovisual Introduction for kids

  • 1. Brief Audiovisual Introduction to Environmental Radioactivity Prepared by Cesar Harada for the Hong Kong Harbour School, Sept 6th 2014 Questions 1. What is matter? 2. What is nuclear power? 3. What is nuclear energy? What is a nuclear bomb? 4. What happened in Hiroshima & Nagasaki? 5. What happened in Chernobyl? What is happening in Fukushima? 6. What is safe, and what is unsafe radiation? 7. How much nuclear weapons do we have? What is nuclear winter? 8. Where are nuclear power plants? What about Hong Kong? 9. Radioactivity in air, land, water and food. 10. How to measure radioactivity? What can I do about it? 11. How to protect from radioactivity? Introduction to nuclear power, weapons and radioactive pollution in the environment for school kids. No science background required. We are trying to address the questions and anxieties kids may have about the nuclear power. We explain how we can contribute to a better understanding of radioactivity in the environment from a citizen science perspective. CAUTION : some concepts and images may be shocking if not explained appropriately. contact@cesarharada.com Creative Commons 3.0 international, Attribution, Sharealike
  • 2. What is matter? What is a nucleus? All the objects from everyday life that we can bump into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter “The Powers of Ten” (1977)films are two short American documentary films written and directed by Charles and Ray Eames.
  • 3. Element, Mass, Speed, Stability http://www.wpclipart.com/science/atoms_molecules/periodic_tables/periodic_table_of_the_elements.png
  • 4. What is nuclear energy? Nuclear Fission and fusion, Nuclear Power plant and the Large Hadron Collider Fusion and Fission Nuclear power plant Large Hadron Collider
  • 5. Radioactivity and human health. Chernobyl & Pripyat
  • 6. What is a “safe” level of exposition to radioactivity?
  • 7. What is a nuclear bomb? What happened in Hiroshima & Nagasaki? 1944 “Little Boy” on Hiroshima was 12Kt 1961 “Tsar Bomba” 57’000 Kt 4750 times more power
  • 8. Where are nuclear bombs today? http://www.ploughshares.org/sites/def ault/files/imagecache/blog_full_span/ Worldwide_nuclear_testing.png http://www.huffingtonpost.com/eric-margolis/do-we-really-need-to-blow_ b_491367.html
  • 9. What is nuclear winter? http://www.wired.com/2011/02/nuclear-war-climate-change/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCTKc d2Ko98 This documentary was made in 1984, at the peak of the cold war era, when the possibility of a nuclear World War III was a palpable possibility.
  • 10. The current crisis in Fukushima Japan
  • 11. What happened in Chernobyl & Pripyat
  • 12. Where is nuclear waste ? Buried in “geological repositories”. In the oceans.
  • 13. Pros and cons of nuclear power Pros ● Steady, predictable ● Low Co2 emissions ● Stable cost ● Energy independency Cons ● Accident, war vulnerability ● Radioactive waste disposal ● Global climate potential impact ● Security, economic, social and health concerns
  • 14. Precautionary principle is not applied for nuclear power. Game Theory and deception is use as nuclear weapons proliferate. “The precept that an action should not be taken if the consequences are uncertain and potentially dangerous.” “We do not inherit the Earth from our Ancestors, we borrow it from our Children” The cold war continues as we keep producing more nuclear weapons on every sides. http://science.howstuffworks.com/game-theory5.htm
  • 15. Where are nuclear power plants today?
  • 17. How safe is Hong Kong? http://www.hko.gov.hk/radiation/ermp/rmn/applet/map/rmn_hourly_e.htm
  • 18. Daya Bay Nuclear power plant Contengency plan “in the unlikely event of a nuclear accident at the Nuclear power stations at Daya Bay” : http://www.dbcp.gov.hk/eng/dbcp/download.htm Full contengency plan : http://www.dbcp.gov.hk/eng/dbcp/DBCP_Full_Version.pdf
  • 19. Taishan Nuclear power plant http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1303433/green-groups-fear-most-dangerous- nuclear-power-plant-hong-kongs Daya Bay Taishan Yangjiang LuFeng
  • 20. Hong Kong Government documents for Nuclear preparedness http://www.dbcp.gov.hk/
  • 21. Warfare and vulnerability of nuclear installation. World War III hypothesis with first page google news search results. http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/08/ 26/avoid-conflict-must-acknowledge-china-ambition/ sNHyMDZR7rtXwUi1bqpx8K/story.h tml When the balance of power is shifting, how can a declining nation’s desire to preserve the status quo be reconciled with an ascending rival’s desire to revise the world order to reflect its rising power? http://www.chinatopix.com/articles/8833/2014 0904/xi-stirs-anti-japanese-spirit-among-chinese- citizens.htm China should gear up for many fights with "new historical characteristics" as they move towards their goals. They need to achieve "common prosperity" little by little for everyone and revive China's dreams, Xi said. http://www.ibtimes.com/north-korea-threatens-attack-us- nuclear-power-over-continuing-military-drills-south-korea- 1653882 North Korea Threatens To Attack US With Nuclear Power Over Continuing Military Drills With South Korea Tensions with the USA Tensions with Japan Tensions with North Korea
  • 22. Cesar HARADA in Fukushima 2012. Focus on unmapped mountain terrain.
  • 23. Cesar HARADA, Gabriella LEVINE, Joe MOROSS, in Fukushima 2013. Focus on underwater radioactivity.
  • 24. Cesar HARADA in Fukushima 2014. Focus on seabed and sediment radioactivity. Oct 1 - 10th. NOAA, USA Pr. Ken Buesseler http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=127 297 Land -> Sea contamination data is missing Seafloor contamination map DOES NOT EXIST. CNRS, LSCE, France, Dr O. Evrard, http://www.nature.com/srep/2014/140403/sr ep04574/full/srep04574.html CNRS, LSCE, France, Radioactivity sensors for geologic studies
  • 25. Pilot testing in Hong Kong, Land, Air, Sea, Seafood. Daya Bay Taishan Yangjiang LuFeng
  • 26. Pilot off the coast of Fukushima
  • 27. How to measure radioactivity on the sea bed? Let’s figure it out together