2. MENTAL DISORDERS
What are Mental Disorders
Mental Disorder-an illness of the mind that can affect
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing him
or her from leading a happy, healthful, and productive life
Types of Mental Disorders:
Anxiety Disorders-a condition in which real or imagined
fears are difficult to control
Anxiety Disorders can be classified according to 4 main
groups:
-phobias
-panic disorders
-obsessive compulsive disorder
-post-traumatic stress disorder
3. PHOBIA
What is a phobia?
A strong and irrational fear of something specific, such
as places or dogs.
People with phobias do everything they can to avoid the
object of their fear
Some professionals believe that certain phobias are
caused by childhood experiences
4. PANIC DISORDERS
What are Panic
Disorders?
A person with a panic disorder has sudden, unexplained
feelings of terror
“Panic Attacks” are accompanied by symptoms such as
trembling, a pounding heart, shortness of breath, or
dizziness
Is a condition in which fear and anxiety get in the way of
a person’s ability to function and enjoy life
5. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDERS
What is OCD??
I person with OCD is trapped in a pattern of repeated
thoughts or behaviors
Obsessive-refers to persistent, recurrent, and unwanted
thoughts that prevent people from attending to normal
daily activities
Compulsive-repeated, irresistible, behaviors
6. POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
What is PTSD?
A condition that may develop after exposure to a
terrifying event that threatened or caused physical harm
This is common after a personal assault, such as rape;
natural or human made disasters, such as plane
crashes, such as earthquakes or bombings
Symptoms include flashbacks, nightmares, emotional
numbness, sleeplessness, guilt, and problems with
concentration
7. MOOD DISORDERS
What is a Mood Disorder?
An illness, often with an organic cause, that involves
mood extremes that interfere with everyday living
The emotional swings of mood disorders are extreme in
both intensity and duration
8. TYPES OF MOOD DISORDERS
Clinical Depression
Bipolar Disorder
Clinical Depression-Some people say they feel sad at times, but a
person suffering from depression can last a LONG time
Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or despair last more than a few
weeks and interfere with daily interests and activities
Can affect a person’s ability to concentrate, sleep, perform at
school or work, or handle everyday decisions and challenges
Can sometimes by a symptom of substance abuse or addiction,
because alcohol and other drugs can affect your brain chemistry
9. TYPES OF MOOD DISORDERS
Clinical Depression
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder-also known as manic depressive disorder, is
marked be extreme mood changes, energy levels, and behavior
Although adults with bipolar disorder may behave normally
between episodes of extreme emotions, teens with the disorder
tend to alternate rapidly between the 2 extremes with few clear
periods of wellness between episodes
10. CONDUCT DISORDERS
What are Conduct Disorders?
A pattern of behavior in which the rights of others or basic social
rules are violated
These are children and adolescents who act out their impulses
toward others in destructive ways
Examples: Lying, theft, aggression, violence, truancy, arson and
vandalism
May project an image of toughness, but people with this disorder
usually have a low self-esteem
11. SCHIZOPHRENIA
What is Schizophrenia?
Is a severe mental disorder in which a person loses contact with
reality.
Symptoms include delusions and hallucinations
Affects both men and women and usually first appears between
the ages of 15 and 35
People who suffer from this have difficulty understanding the
difference between real and imaginary events
Misconception about these people who suffer from this disorder is
that they are violent, or have multiple personalities
12. PERSONALITY DISORDERS
Types of Personality Disorders
People afflicted with personality disorders think and behave in ways
that make it difficult for them to get along with others
Antisocial Personality Disorder-people with this tend to be irritable,
aggressive, impulsive, and violent. Unable to show remorse for
their behavior
Borderline Personality Disorder-Frequently experience a series of
troubled relationships. Although they fear abandonment, they
frequently lash out violently at the people they need the most
Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder-often uncooperative;
resent being told what to do, yet they rely on others’ direction. A
passive-aggressive person who doesn’t want to take part in an
activity mat forget to show up or may arrive late and leave early
13. Chapter 9
Mental and Emotional Problems
Lesson 2,3,4
Suicide Prevention
Getting Help
Understanding Death and Grief
Alienation Psychotherapy Coping
Suicide Behavior Therapy Grief Response
Cluster Suicides Cognitive Therapy Mourning
Biomedical Therapy
14. LESSON 2
Suicide Prevention
Alienation-feeling isolated and separated from
everyone else
Suicide-the act of intentionally taking one’s own
life
15. SUICIDE RISK FACTORS
Most suicidal thoughts, behaviors, and actions are
expressions of extreme distress, not bids for attention
More than 90% of people who kill themselves are
suffering from depression or another mental disorder, or
are abusing alcohol or drugs
Warning Signs
Verbal Signs and Nonverbal or Behavioral Signs
Direct Statements
Indirect Statements
Writing poems, song lyrics, or diary entries that deal with death
Suicide threats or insinuations that are either direct or indirect
16. VERBAL AND NONVERBAL OR
BEHAVIORAL SIGNS
Verbal Signs Nonverbal or
Behavior
Direct Statements Signs
“I want to die” An unusual obsession with
death
“I don’t want to live anymore”
Withdraw from friends
Indirect Statements
Significant deterioration in
“I won’t have to put up with this
schoolwork or recreational
much longer”
performance
“I just want to go to sleep and
Substance abuse
never wake up”
Violent actions, rebellious
“They’ll be sorry when I’m gone”
behavior, or running away
17. STRATEGIES TO PREVENT SUICIDE
Initiate a meaningful conversation-showing interest and
compassion for a person is an important first step, listen closely
to what the person says; be patient and understanding
Show support and ask questions-remind the person that
most problems have solutions.
Try to persuade the person to seek help-encourage the
person to talk with a parent, counselor, therapist, or other
trusted adult. Offer to go with the person to get help
18. MULTIPLE SUICIDES
What are multiple suicides?
Sometimes within a teen population, Cluster Suicides
occur. These are series of suicides occurring within
a short period of time and involving several people
in the same school or community
Turn to page 233 in your text book and do Lesson 2
Review. Reviewing the Facts and Vocabulary and
Thinking Critically and turn in!!
19. LESSON 3
Getting Help
When dealing with a mental or emotional
problems, it is always best to seek help!
Here are some behaviors that can be a
concern
You feel trapped with no way out, or you
worry all the time
Your feelings affect your sleep, eating
habits, school work, job performance, or
relationships
You are becoming involved with alcohol
or drugs
You are becoming increasingly aggressive,
violent, or reckless
20. THERAPY METHODS
Psychotherapy—an ongoing dialogue between a
patient and health professional. Is designed to find
the root cause of a problem and devise a solution
Behavior Therapy-a treatment process that focuses
on changing unwanted behaviors through rewards
and reinforcements
Cognitive Therapy-a treatment method designed to
identify and correct distorted thinking patterns that
can lead to feelings and behaviors that may be
troublesome, self-defeating, and self-destructive
Group Therapy-treating a group of people who have
similar problems and who meet regularly with a
trained counselor
Biomedical Therapy-the use of certain medications
to treat or reduce the symptoms of a mental
disorder
21. LESSON 4
Understanding Death
and Grief
Expressions of grief:
Coping-dealing successfully with
difficult changes in your life
Whena loss occurs, it is common and
natural to experience a Grief Response-
an individuals total response to a
major loss
If a death is sudden or traumatic, for
example, the response is likely to be
somewhat different from the response to
a death that results from a long-term
illness
22. THE GRIEVING PROCESS
Denial or Numbness-in this stage, the person cannot
believe the loss has occurred.
Emotional Release-these reactions come with
recognition of the loss and often involve periods of
crying, which is important in the healing process
Anger-feeling powerless and unfairly deprived, the
person may lash out at whatever is perceived to be
responsible for the loss
Bargaining-as the reality of the loss becomes clear,
the person may promise to change if only what was
lost can be returned, even for a little while
23. THE GRIEVING PROCESS CONTINUED
Depression-beyond the natural feelings of sadness,
feelings of isolation, alienation, and hopelessness
occur as the person recognizes the extent of the loss
Remorse-the person may become preoccupied with
thoughts about what he or she could have done to
prevent the loss or make things better
Acceptance-this stage can involve a sense of power,
allowing the person to face reality in constructive
ways and make significant and meaningful gestures
surrounding the idea of loss
Hope-eventually the person reaches a point when
remembering becomes less painful and he or she
24. COPING WITH DEATH
Helping Others Through the Grieving
Process
Support from family and friends is
important during mourning, or the act of
showing sorrow or grief
While it is up to the individual to go
through the grieving process, he or she
doesn’t have to do it alone
You can help by showing empathy or just
being there to listen
