Presentation by the CCAFS Policy Analysis for Climate Change Adaptation (PACCA) project to Uganda's Parliament on August 30, 2016. Presents findings of analysis on intergration of gender concerns in agriculture and climate change policies.

1. 1
The need for effective gender responsiveness
in the face of climate change in Uganda

2. About IITA
Leading partner on agricultural research
for development in Africa
• 18 Countries, 4 Regional Hubs
Hosted by
• Government of Uganda
• In collaboration with NARO
Staff
• >100 national staff and students
• 10 international scientists
Major achievements with partners
• Control of crop pandemics
• Cassava Mosaic Virus
• Cassava Brown Streak
• Banana Xanthomonas Wilt
• Breeding banana, cassava, soybean…
• Climate change adaptation
• Agricultural investment planning

3. 3
Outline
• Climate change adaptation and CSA
• Gender responsiveness and food
security
• Research results
• What farmers and practitioners say
• Results from review of policy
documents
• Results from budget analysis
• So what do we do?

4. 4
Gender integration for food security
in the face of climate change
• Climate Change adaptation and CSA
• Belief that men and women are equal
• Gender integration is a criteria for
accessing climate finances
• More efficient systems/holistic approach
• Improving food & nutrition security

5. 5
Gender responsiveness means…
Policies sufficiently
integrate gender
Gender provisions in
policy & practice
address gender
structural issues &
strategic needs
Implementation
strategies design clear
strategies for addressing
gender & provide an
implementation budget
Implementation of
adaptation options
Exhaustively capture men’s, women’s and
youth priorities in policy statements.
Gender analysis identifies women
and men priorities, opportunities
& constraints across scale sand
guides the design of interventions
Incorporate gender indicators in monitoring and
assessment of programme implementation
land ownership/access,
access to credit, information,
extension advice, markets, &
constraining cultural norms
…that we are addressing gender inequalities at all
levels
Spell out steps that will be taken to
address the identified gender issues
Interventions address
men, women and
youth priorities
Reward appropriately
planned gender response

6. 6
Gender and policy analysis research
Gathering
evidence
Desk review of
policies, strategies &
implementation
plans
Focus group
discussions with
men & women
farmers
Expert interviews
with policy
formulators across
scales
Analysis of
district and sub-
county budgets
2012-2016
Methodology

7. 7
Different ways of doing gender
“We encourage joint decision making
in the household”
“We make sure to include 30% of
women in our projects and meetings”
“Why are we not implementing in most cases all of these
(climate change) processes? It’s because we don’t analyze them
up to the activities to allocate them budgets.”
…practitioner testimonies

8. 8
Climate change impacts have a
gender connotation
• Drought
• Food shortage
• Men migrate
• Increased domestic burden
• Domestic conflicts

9. 9
Climate change impacts have a
gender connotation
• Limited extension
• Men attend training
• Women work at the
farm
• Not much can change

10. 10
Climate change impacts have a
gender connotation
• Drought
• Poor harvest
• No capital to do agri-
business
• Goats and cows
belong to the husband
=> cannot sell

11. 11
Reviewed documents
1. Poverty Eradication Action Plan 2004/5-2007/8
2. The Plan for Modernization of Agriculture
3. National Adaptation Plan of Action 2007
4. The Agricultural Sector Development Plan
2010/11-2014/15
5. National Climate Change Policy 2015
6. Climate Change Costed Implementation Strategy
2013
7. The National Land Policy 2013
8. The National Policy on Plant Genetic Resources
for Food and Agriculture 2016
9. National seed policy 2016
10. The Seeds and Plant Act 2006
11. The Uganda Gender Policy 2007
12. The Uganda National Environment Management
Policy 2014 Fine draft
13. The National Agriculture Policy 2013
14. The Uganda Forestry Policy 2001
15. National Policy for the Conservation and
Management of Weland Resources 1995
16. National Policy for Disaster Preparedness and
Management 2010
17. The Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Programme 2015-
2025
18. Uganda Intended Nationally Determined Contributions
(INDC) 2015
19. National youth policy 2001
20. Uganda Wetland sector strategic plan 2001-2010
21. The Local government development planning guidelines
2014
22. National Development Plan I (2010/11-2014/15)
23. National Development Plan II 2015/2016 -2019/2020
24. Uganda's Decentralization Policy
25. District Five Year Development Plans for 2011-2015 and
2016-2020
26. District Annual Action Plans 2012-2015

12. Summary observations
Use of unclear
terminology
Use of gender
stereotypes
• “Gender” and “Women” are used interchangeably.
• Overlooks men’s adaptive capacity to climate change.
• Women portrayed both as “vulnerable” and “key agent of
change” rather than a group that can contribute to economic
development.
Low
intersectionality
• Uganda is home to 56 ethnic groups – yet policies present low
intersectionality of gender with other social divides.

13. Insufficient
consideration to
gender structural
constraints
Poor
harmonization of
policies
• Fail to comprehensively address gendered power dynamics at
different levels and the structural constraints reinforcing
vulnerability.
• Women do not have effective ownership of land – affects
adoption of practices and access to credit.
• Several disengagements between gender approaches in
different policies.
• Lack of harmonization between sectors and of an
implementation plan to comprehensively engage gender
issues.
Ineffective
decentralization
• Insufficient budget, training and staffing are main barriers.
• Little engagement with gender at district level apart from
quota system.
Summary observations

14. Gender gaps exist at different levels
Policy level District Local level
• Gender = women.
Women= vulnerable group
• Lack of gender & social
differentiation; & cross-
sector coordination
• Gendered power dynamics
at different levels not
addressed
• Different gender
approaches in different
policies
• Engagement with gender
restricted to quota system
• Inadequate budget &
technical skills
• Women – a vulnerable
group
• Lack of clear strategies to
address gender
• Women do not have
effective ownership of land
• Limited access to credit &
alternative options
• Women participation
further reduced by limited
information & technical
skills
• Limited decision-making
power
Gender as a cross-cutting issue: no one’s responsibility; no budget

15. 15
Gender integration in policy
documents
Grade Level of Gender Integration
Grade 1 No reference to gender issues
Grade 2 Gender mentioned in overall objectives but absent from subsequent
implementation levels
Grade 3 Gender clearly presented as one relevant entry point in relation to main
objective, but absence of clear road map leading to implementation
Grade 4 Gender included in action plan, but absence of clear earmarked resources for
implementation
Grade 5 Gender included in document from objective down to action plan, with clear
resources identified for implementation.
 Policy documents were systematically scrutinized for their degree of
gender integration and were given specific grades
Source: Gumucio and Tafur Rueda (2015)

16. 16
Extent of gender integration
Grade 5 scored by some
development & action plans
but budgets do not address
gender needs
Majority of development
plans include gender in action
plans but do not integrate
budgets
Majority of annual action plans
make no reference to gender
Majority of climate change & agriculture policies
do not have a clear road map for
implementation
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Numberofdocuments
Thematic area
1 2 3 4 5

17. 17
Gender integration across levels
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1 2 3 4 5
Numberofdocuments
Gender integration grades
Uganda
National
District
Sub-county
National Level- no gender
budget
District – budget??
• Very small
• Does not address gender
inequalities
Sub-county – Level
• Many documents integrate
gender
• Few documents indicate budgets
• Budgets not addressing
inequalities

18. 18
Gender integration grades
Increasing gender
integration in policy
documents
Impact on ground?
Policy Document Year Gender
National Policy for the Conservation and Management of Weland Resources 1995 1995 1
The Plan for Modernatization of Agriculture 2000 2
The Uganda Forestry Policy 2001 2001 2
National Youth Policy 2001 2001 3
Uganda Wetland Sector Strategic Plan 2001-2010 2001 1
Poverty Eradication Action Plan 2004/5-2007/8 2004 4
The seeds and plant Act 2006 2006 1
National Adaptation Plan of Action 2007 2007 1
The Uganda Gender Policy 2007 2007 4
National Development Plan I (2010/11-2014/15) 2010 4
The Agricultural Sector Development Plan 2010/11-2014/15 2010 3
National Policy for Disaster Preparedness and Management 2010 2010 4
National Draft Climate Change Costed Implementation Strategy 2013 2012 3
The National Land Policy 2013 2013 3
The National Agriculture Policy 2013 2013 3
The Uganda National Environment Management Policy 2014 Fine draft 2014 4
The Local Government Development Planning Guidelines 2014 2014 3
National Development Plan II 2015/2016 -2019/2020 2015 4
Uganda National Climate Change Policy 2015 2015 3
The Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Programme 2015-2025 2015 2
Uganda Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) 2015 2015 3
National Seed Policy 2016 2016 3

19. 19
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
2012/2013 2013/2014 2014/2015 2015/2016
Average%genderbudget
Financial year
Districts (4)
Estimate
Actual
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2012/2013 2013/2014 2014/2015 2015/2016
Average%genderbudget
Financial Year
Subcounties (12)
Estimate
Actual
• < 0.9 % of budget is planned for gender
• < 0.2 % of budget is allocated to gender
• < 1.6% of total budget is planned for gender
• < 1.2% of total budget is allocated to gender
Gender budget vs Total budget
• Available budget - Celebrating Women’s Day & Youth Councils

20. 20
What should be done to appropriately
address gender inequalities and enable
food security?
IITA is a knowledge partner – How do you want us to
support you?
What specific roles should MPs play?

21. 21
Further Reading
1. Gender and Climate Change in Uganda: Effects of Policy and Institutional Frameworks:
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/56517/retrieve
2. Gender and climate change adaptation in Uganda: insights from Rakai:
https://www.ifpri.org/publication/gender-and-climate-change-adaptation-uganda-
insights-rakai.
3. Gender perceptions of climate change impacts and in adaptation practices:
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/35869/retrieve
4. Gender responsive approach to CSA: practice guide:
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/73049/CSA%20Practice%20Brief%
20Gender.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
5. Policy brief from the March 2015 gender conference in Paris:
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/60479/retrieve