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Meiosis,[object Object]
What is it?,[object Object],Mitosis occurs, producing two identical daughter cells,[object Object],Only eukaryotic cells,[object Object],In humans, all cells but one type,[object Object],Involve diploid cells (2n),[object Object],Humans reproduce sexually,[object Object],Sex cells = gametes = sperm & egg,[object Object],Meiosis is the making of gametes,[object Object]
Where does it happen?,[object Object],Made in reproductive organs,[object Object],Males: testes  sperm,[object Object],Females: ovaries  ova (eggs),[object Object],Gametes contain 23 chromosomes ,[object Object],Haploid cells (n),[object Object],Mitosis involves the halving of the normal chromosome number,[object Object]
Creation of offspring ,[object Object],Fertilization,[object Object],23 + 23 = 46,[object Object],n + n = 2n,[object Object]
Chromosomes,[object Object],Humans contain 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total),[object Object],Half from each parent,[object Object],Pairs 1 through 22 are ,[object Object],   homologous pairs,[object Object],Same size,[object Object],Carry genes for same traits,[object Object],Not identical,[object Object]
Meiosis
Abnormalities,[object Object],Nondisjunction- “failure to separate”,[object Object],Trisomy: three of one type of chromosome,[object Object],Trisomy 21: Down Syndrome,[object Object],Monosomy: one of one type of chromosome,[object Object],Klinefelter’s,[object Object],XXY (23rd pair),[object Object],Turner’s Syndrome ,[object Object],XO (23rd pair),[object Object]
Meiosis,[object Object],Serves to halve the number of chromosomes, creating gametes,[object Object],In humans:,[object Object],Male gametes – 4 haploid sperm,[object Object],Female gametes – 1 haploid egg, 3 polar bodies,[object Object],Meiosis I & Meiosis II,[object Object]
Meiosis I,[object Object],Separates homologous pairs,[object Object]
Crossing OverIncreases Genetic Variability,[object Object]
Meiosis
Meiosis
Meiosis
Meiosis II,[object Object],No duplication of chromosomes between Meiosis I & II,[object Object],Meiosis II separates sister chromatids,[object Object]
Meiosis
Meiosis II Results,[object Object],Four daughter cells,[object Object],Contain half as many (n) chromosomes as parent (2n),[object Object],Each cell is genetically different,[object Object],Fertilization restores chromosome number to 2n,[object Object]
Meiosis in Humans,[object Object],Formation of gametes,[object Object],Males: Spermatogeneis,[object Object]
Meiosis in Humans,[object Object],Formation of gametes,[object Object],Females: Oogeneis,[object Object],Meiosis I,[object Object],1 diploid cell,[object Object],1 polar body,[object Object],Meiosis II,[object Object],1 haploid gamete,[object Object],3 haploid polar bodies,[object Object],Result,[object Object],1 egg,[object Object]
Genetic Variations,[object Object],Crossing over,[object Object],Shuffle genes on chromosomes,[object Object],Independent assortment of homologous pairs,[object Object],Arrange randomly on metaphase plate,[object Object],223 (or 8 million) possibilities,[object Object],Random fertilization,[object Object],8 million egg x 8 million sperm = 64 trillion zygote,[object Object]

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Meiosis

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Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Circle 23rd pair: Sex chromosomes X & Y (male; or XX female)
  2. Ends with 4 sperm containing 23 chromosomes (n); contain either an X or YSeveral hundred million (200 000 000) sperm are produced each day
  3. Most of the Cytoplasm is placed in one cell; 1 in 4 is viable; all XsAt birth each female carries a lifetime supply of developing oocytes, a total of 400-500 eggs