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The Oklahoma Dust Bowl By: Chelsea Patterson AP English Block 4 10/29/08

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Ecological Aspects <ul><li>World War I – wheat expensive </li></ul><ul><li>Caused farmers to grow more </li></ul><ul><li>Converted grasslands into agricultural fields </li></ul><ul><li>Extensive farming </li></ul><ul><li>No crop rotation </li></ul><ul><li>Destroyed soil </li></ul><ul><li>Drought made worse </li></ul><ul><li>Heavy winds blew soil into huge clouds </li></ul>

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&quot;The land just blew away; we had to go somewhere.&quot; – Kansas preacher, June, 1936

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Farmers Turned Migrants <ul><li>Over 500,000 people homeless </li></ul><ul><li>Largest migration in American history </li></ul><ul><li>2.5 million people migrated </li></ul><ul><li>200,000 went to California </li></ul><ul><li>Most made between $0.75 and $1.25 a day </li></ul><ul><li>Built shacks without plumbing or electricity </li></ul><ul><li>Had polluted water and lacked waste facilities </li></ul><ul><li>Led to typhoid, malaria, smallpox, and tuberculosis outbreaks </li></ul>

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Government Reaction <ul><li>“ Vigilantes beat up migrants and burned their shacks” </li></ul><ul><li>Roosevelt had 13 camps built </li></ul><ul><li>Each housed about 300 families </li></ul><ul><li>Help migrants tremendously </li></ul><ul><li>Roosevelt formed the Soil Conservation Service (now the Natural Resource Conservation Service) </li></ul><ul><li>Promoted land management and soil mapping </li></ul>

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California Legislature’s Reaction <ul><li>Passed “Anti-Okie” law </li></ul><ul><li>Anyone who helped bring a poor person to California was guilty of misdemeanor </li></ul><ul><li>Revoked in 1941 due to Edwards vs. California </li></ul><ul><li>Help brother-in-law move from Texas to California </li></ul><ul><li>Sentenced to 6 months in jail </li></ul>

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Weather Conditions <ul><li>Ocean temperatures were unstable </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Pacific Ocean cooler than normal </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Atlantic Ocean warmer than normal </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Caused dry air and high temperatures in Midwest </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Less than normal supply of moist air from the Gulf of Mexico </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Jet stream weakened </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Caused air to become drier </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Jet stream changed course </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Jet stream traveled farther south than normal </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Caused drought in the Midwest </li></ul></ul>

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Citation <ul><li>California. Digital image. 4 Nov. 2008 <http://www.foreclosurelistings.com/images/maps/california.gif>. </li></ul><ul><li>California-state-flag. Digital image. 4 Nov. 2008 <http://californiaroadtrip.wdfiles.com/local--files/start/california-state-flag.png>. </li></ul><ul><li>&quot;Dust Bowl.&quot; Answers.com . 28 Oct 2008 <http://www.answers.com/topic/dust-bowl>. </li></ul><ul><li>Dust Bowl. Digital image. Earthobservatory . 28 Oct. 2008 <http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/newsroom/nasanews/releaseimages/20040318/01_theb1365.jpg>. </li></ul><ul><li>Dust Bowl. Digital image. Encyclopedia Britannica . 28 Oct. 2008 <http://student.britannica.com/elementary/art-86914/a-lack-of-rain-and-strong-winds-ruined-farmland-and>. </li></ul><ul><li>Dust Bowl 12. Digital image. NRCS.gov . United States Department of Agriculture. 28 Oct. 2008 <http://www.mo.nrcs.usda.gov/news/mophotogallery/historical.html>. </li></ul><ul><li>Equipment 2. Digital image. NRCS.gov . United States Department of Agriculture. 28 Oct. 2008 <http://www.mo.nrcs.usda.gov/news/mophotogallery/historical.html>. </li></ul><ul><li>Franklin-roosevelt-picture. Digital image. 4 Nov. 2008 <http://www.visitingdc.com/images/franklin-roosevelt-picture.jpg>. </li></ul><ul><li>Goffman, Ethan. &quot;The Dust Bowl: Blowing in the Wind.&quot; ProQuest . 28 Oct 2008 <http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/refugee/review.php>. </li></ul>

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Citation (Continued) <ul><li>&quot;Mass Exodus from the Plains .&quot; PBS.org . 28 Oct 2008 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dustbowl/peopleevents/pandeAMEX08.html>. </li></ul><ul><li>Natural_Resource_Conservation_Service. Digital image. 4 Nov. 2008 <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/natural_resources_conservation_service_logo.png>. </li></ul><ul><li>Oblack, Rachelle. &quot;What Caused the Dust Bowl in the US Midwest in the 1930's?.&quot; About.com:Weather . 28 Oct 2008 <http://weather.about.com/od/weatherfaqs/f/dustbowl.htm>. </li></ul><ul><li>Palmer Hydrological Drought Index July 1934. Digital image. About.com:Weather . 28 Oct. 2008 <http://weather.about.com/od/imagegallery/ig/global-warming-images-graphs.--5k/palmer-index-us-dust-bowl-map.htm>. </li></ul>