1. ACE IT Training
By C.Nagarajan

2. What is Supply Chain
Supply chain is moving goods and services from the
place of creation to the place of consumption in a
cost effective and efficient manner.
Right product, right time, right price and at right
place.
Methodology and Models
Concepts and cases
Principles, procedures and best practices.

3. Functions of Supply Chain
 Strategy planning and forecasting
 Demand and supply management
 Procurement and Purchasing
 Management and Finance
 Warehousing
 Inventory control (my area of research)
 Distribution management
 Transportation management
 Cost analysis and control measures
 Legal aspects of import and export procedure
 Customer service and complaints handling
 Reverse Logistics, Lean logistics and Six Sigma
 ERP solutions
 Key drivers of Supply Chain
 Quality and SCM Material flow and Information flow
Internal customers and External customers

4. Transportation Management
Transportation happens to be the most fundamental part of
logistic management. Transport costs include all costs
associated with movement of products from one location to
another.
The average transport costs ranges from 5 to 6% of the
recommended retail price of the product.
Transportation is the movement of products, materials and
services from one area to another, both inbound and
outbound.

5. Transportation Management
1. Mode of transports
2. Method of selection
3. Transportation costs
4. Fleet sizing and configuration
5. Routing and scheduling
6. Futuristic direction in transportation

6. Mode of transports
Given below are the various mode of transports
1. By Road
2. By Railways
3. Water ways
4. Airways
5. Pipeline
6. Multimodal

7. Table shown below will help to get an idea on Selection of
Mode of transport.
Speed Frequency Dependability Payload Points served
Air Pipeline Pipeline Water (sea) Road
Pipeline Road Road Rail Rail
Road Air Rail Road Pipeline
Rail Rail Water (sea) Air Air
Water (Sea) Water (sea) Air Pipeline Water (sea)

8. Selection of transport

9. Method of selection
The selection procedure for the transport mode could
vary from the simple decision either to identify one
feasible method of distribution.
Judgment: Identification of the important factors
affecting the transport problem by the transport
manager, and the transport mode from a list of
alternatives available, so that the important features of
the transport requirements are met.

10. Method of selection
Cost- trade-off: It is where the impact of transport is
calculated in relation to immediate terminal
objectives and activities, and the total cost of
distribution system is optimized.
Distribution models: This identifies and explains
the interrelationships between the components
of the distribution system at various levels of
daily, weekly or monthly demands.

11. Transportation costs
Transport costs vary from less than 1% (for machinery) to
over 30 % (for food) of the recommended selling price of
products, depending upon the nature of the product
range and its market. However the average transport
costs is between 5 to 6% of the recommended retail price
of a product.
With inflation transport costs also rise because the major
components are the workforce, fuel, spare parts and overall
operating costs.

12. Transportation costs
Transport is vital to the overall gambit (strategy / scheme)
of SCM operation and therefore cannot be considered in
isolation. The entire transportation process is to be
monitored, in order to gauge the exact location and state
of the materials being transported.
Operational factors
 Environmental factors
 Characteristics of alternate transport modes
 Combination approach / multi-modal transport
operations.

13. Fleet sizing and configuration
Fleet sizing objective is to employ through ownership, hire,
lease and or rental the fewest possible trucks to manage
the company’s load profile/ shipping requirements.
In fleet sizing, increased availability yields fewer lost sales,
shorter customer cycle times, improved customer
services but higher fleet costs.

14. Fleet sizing and configuration
Fleet size can be regulated and minimized by
 Utilizing standard size pallets and transport containers
 Vigorously monitoring fleet utilization levels periodically
 Maintaining total fleet visibility, including loading times, unloading,
transit times and maintenance times.

15. Fleet sizing and configuration
Fleet size can be regulated and minimized by
 Choosing low-use periods to conduct routine maintenance
 Monitoring and charging for demurrages for fleet detention by
suppliers, customers, port authorities and carriers.
 Utilizing alternative coverage means during super peak periods to
avoid carrying the burden of an oversized fleet.

16. Routing and scheduling
Delay in delivery due to routing problems increase costs of goods
manifold.
Therefore, to tide over this the company has to plan these activities well
in
advance with detailed coordination and judicious and realistic planning.
Companies have to gear itself to such changing scenarios and terrain
since
the very inception.
Efficient versus inefficient routing can save tremendous amount of
money
in fuel, labor, capital expenditures and significantly enhance customer
satisfaction.

17. Routing and scheduling
The objectives of routing and scheduling to minimize.
 Total route costs
 Number of routes
 Distance travelled
The constraints are
 Customer requirements and time available
 Balancing of the route for the driver, to avoid overtaxing
 Maximum route time
 Vehicle capacity
 Start & Stop points enroute
 Infrastructure constraints

18. Multimodal

19. Multimodal
In today’s world, intelligent transport systems impact on
the infrastructure, networks, information systems and
strategies of all modes of transport.
But beyond the boundaries between different modes of
transport, intelligent transport systems also address the
challenges of multimodality.

20. Futuristic Direction in transportation
One salient aspect that we all have to understand that with e-services
our
lead time to delivery has reduced considerably, but somehow the
movement of the product and raw materials cannot move through e-
services and have to restrict movement to roads, rail, air, waterways and
pipeline.
The order can be placed through e-services in a faster mode and so can
payment be but the products cannot be physically moved through the
net.

21. Futuristic Direction in transportation
Transportation too has improved considerably with the
advent of technology and mechanical developments
within a short span.
 Carrier relationship management
 Corporate traffic certification (training for entire
department)
 Driver / Operator quality
 Joint procurement

22. Thank you
The End