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The Challenges 机遇与挑战 Tourism and Heritage in China 中国的旅游和遗产 Mark Eadie Director, Social Consulting Practice 社会咨询服务总监 ERM China
It’s not all about pandas and the Great Wall…. 中国的遗产不仅仅是熊猫和长城 ……
… although it can be   …  虽然它依然是中国的国宝
So you think you know China?   你认为你了解中国了吗? Photograph by very kind permission of Mr Li, Cultural Heritage Management Officer, Matisi Scenic Area Administration Office 照片由马蹄寺景区管委会文化遗产管理办公室,李先生提供 Foothills of the Qilianshan, western Gansu   祁连山麓,甘肃西部
Photograph by very kind permission of Mr Li, Cultural Heritage Management Officer, Matisi Scenic Area Administration Office 照片由马蹄寺景区管委会文化遗产管理办公室,李先生提供 Matisi, Zhangye, Gansu   马蹄寺,甘肃 张掖
The first challenge   挑战一 The concept of ‘scenic spots’ “ 风景点”的定义
Scenic Spot   景点 Characteristics:   特点: Defined Place   固定地点 Strictly Delimited   严格的界限 Promoted as “A Scenic Spot”   作为“景点”促销 Isolated from Context   与周边环境相独立 A Presentation   有一定的主题或含义 Managed   需要管理 Created or Recreated History, Society   传承或者创造着历史、社会 Outcomes:   现状: Unconnected   独立存在 Weak Promotion and Marketing   宣传促销不够   Few Synergies   合作少 “ Everything Charged”   乱收费 Destination   目的地 Characteristics:   特点: Defined or Undefined Area   固定或不固定的地点 Partially Delimited   部分划界 Promoted as “An Area”   作为“一个区域”来推广 Context is Everything   周边环境都包括在内 Unstaged   不正规 Unmanaged   没有专门的管理 Product of History   历史产物 Outcomes:   现状: Usually connected   通常是独立的 Stronger Promotion and Marketing   宣传促销较强 Natural Synergies   与其他部门自然形成 合作 Focused Charging   集中收费
The dilemma   困惑 Anxi County (renamed Guazhou County in late 2005), Jiuquan, Gansu   甘肃酒泉安西县( 2005 年末更名为瓜州县) Twenty three significant Silk Road sites; only one mentioned in any foreign guidebook (Yulin Grottos) and Only three mentioned in Chinese language guidebooks (+ Eastern Qianfodong, Suoyang) 丝绸之路上的 23 处重要景点,仅有 1 处可以在外文旅行指南上找到(榆林石窟),仅有 3 处在中文旅行指南上 有所介绍(榆林石窟,东千佛洞,琐阳石窟)
Small villages….   小村镇 …… Anxi County, Jiuquan, Gansu   安西县,甘肃酒泉 Unknown little snippets of history.   不为人知的历史片断 Ask the locals for details. Everyone will come out to tell you what it is it for. And insist that you have lunch with them afterwards. 问当地人关于村子的故事,每个人都会告诉你这是什么,做什么用的。并且坚持邀请你与他们共进午餐。 I’m not going to spoil the surprise.   我想保留这份惊喜。 This is not Beijing. Or Shanghai, Guilin or Xi’an. This is local China, with 5,000 years of history waiting for you.  这不是北京、上海、桂林或者西安。这是最本色的中国,有着 5000 年历史的她在等待你们。
The second challenge   挑战二 Authenticity 真实性
The third challenge   挑战三 Enhancing management 加强管理
Local Government…who does what in heritage and tourism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Operators The Rulemakers Internal Enablers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],External Enablers Key
地方政府 … 在遗产旅游中扮演什么角色,起到什么作用 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],经营者 制定政策 对内的促进者 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],对外的促进者 重点
Body of Best Practice Government Ministries Key Universities Key Institutes Provincial Authorities Municipal Authorities Prefectures, Counties, Districts Heritage Sites Tourism Sites SACH CNTA Ministry of Construction, etc Peking Tsinghua Sichuan, etc CAS CASS Dunhuang, etc ENORMOUS GAP China: two worlds
最佳操作体 政府部门 重点大学 重点科研机构 省级政府部门 市级政府部门 地方、县、区 遗产地 旅游地 国家文物局 国家旅游局 建设局,等 北大 清华 川大,等 中国科学院 中国社会科学院 敦煌研究院,等 显著分歧 中国:两个世界
“ Rural” Scenic Area Administration Bureau “ Urban” Tourism Development Company Heritage and Tourism Management in China Tourism Bureau Cultural Heritage Bureau Development & Reform Commission Commerce Bureau Environmental Protection Bureau Communication Bureau Religious Affairs Bureau Ethnic Nationalities Bureau Forestry Bureau Construction Bureau Tourism Bureau Cultural Heritage Bureau Construction Bureau ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Important Note:  Increasing involvement of DRC  tends  to increase good practices – management, financial, operational. Either system can work well, but they can go wrong
“ 乡村”风景区管理部门 “ 城市”旅游开发公司 中国的遗产和旅游管理 旅游局 文物局 发改委 商业局 环保局 宣传局 宗教事务局 民族事务局 林业局 建设局 旅游局 文物局 建设局 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],注意: 发改委的参与能够在管理、财政方面提供更多优势 两种体系都可以运作的很好,但也可能运作不当
Structure of Government…provincial and below - simplified Municipal Government Tourism Bureau Cultural Heritage Bureau Development & Reform Commission Taxation Bureau Commerce Bureau Personnel Bureau Labour and Social Security Bureau Public Security Bureau Environmental Protection Bureau Pricing and Quality Bureau Education Bureau Finance Bureau Communication Bureau Transportation Bureau Railway Bureau Religious Affairs Bureau Ethnic Nationalities Bureau Water Resources Bureau Forestry Bureau Construction Bureau Vice-Mayor 1 Vice-Mayor 2 “ Rural” Scenic Area Administration Bureau “ Urban” Tourism Development Company Direct Inputs Direct or Indirect Inputs
政府结构 … 省级和省级以下——逐级简化 市政府 旅游局 文物局 发改委 税务局 商业局 人事局 劳动与社会安全保障局 公安局 环保局 物价局 教育局 财政局 宣传局 交通局 铁路局 宗教事务局 民族事务局 水利局 林业局 建设局 副市长  1 副市长  2 “ 乡村”风景区管理部门 “ 城市”旅游开发公司 直接参与 直接或间接参与
Excellent, world-class museum design   世界级的出色博物馆设计 Xue Tao Museum, Chengdu, Sichuan   薛涛博物馆,四川成都
Intangible heritage   无形文化遗产 Suoyang, Anxi County, Jiuquan, Gansu   锁阳,甘肃酒泉 安西县 Rot of cynomorium plant, found at Suoyang and reason for its original construction 2,000 years ago. Earns the site twice as much as gate revenue. 琐阳,名贵药材,又称沙漠人参,出土于甘肃琐阳,据考证其历史可以追溯到 2000 年前。此种遗产使 琐阳城门票收入翻了一番。
Structure of Government…provincial and below - simplified Municipal Government Tourism Bureau Cultural Heritage Bureau Development & Reform Commission Taxation Bureau Commerce Bureau Personnel Bureau Labour and Social Security Bureau Public Security Bureau Environmental Protection Bureau Pricing and Quality Bureau Education Bureau Finance Bureau Communication Bureau Transportation Bureau Railway Bureau Religious Affairs Bureau Ethnic Nationalities Bureau Water Resources Bureau Forestry Bureau Construction Bureau Vice-Mayor 1 Vice-Mayor 2 “ Rural” Scenic Area Administration Bureau “ Urban” Tourism Development Company Direct Inputs Direct or Indirect Inputs
政府结构 … 省级和省级以下——逐级简化 市政府 旅游局 文物局 发改委 税务局 商业局 人事局 劳动与社会安全保障局 公安局 环保局 物价局 教育局 财政局 宣传局 交通局 铁路局 宗教事务局 民族事务局 水利局 林业局 建设局 副市长  1 副市长  2 “ 乡村”风景区管理部门 “ 城市”旅游开发公司 直接参与 直接或间接参与
Explanatory information panels in different languages…. 不同语言的解说板 …… … .and with maps … .  以及地图 Chengdu City Centre, Sichuan   成都市中心,四川
Helpful signboards   标识牌 Giant Panda Breeding Research Centre Chengdu, Sichuan 大熊猫繁殖基地,四川成都
Low impact signs   效果不明显的标志 Suoyuan, Anxi County, Jiuquan, Gansu 琐阳城, 甘肃酒泉 安西县
Current trends ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
当前趋势 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current trends ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
当前趋势 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Mark Eadie

  • 1. The Challenges 机遇与挑战 Tourism and Heritage in China 中国的旅游和遗产 Mark Eadie Director, Social Consulting Practice 社会咨询服务总监 ERM China
  • 2. It’s not all about pandas and the Great Wall…. 中国的遗产不仅仅是熊猫和长城 ……
  • 3. … although it can be … 虽然它依然是中国的国宝
  • 4. So you think you know China? 你认为你了解中国了吗? Photograph by very kind permission of Mr Li, Cultural Heritage Management Officer, Matisi Scenic Area Administration Office 照片由马蹄寺景区管委会文化遗产管理办公室,李先生提供 Foothills of the Qilianshan, western Gansu 祁连山麓,甘肃西部
  • 5. Photograph by very kind permission of Mr Li, Cultural Heritage Management Officer, Matisi Scenic Area Administration Office 照片由马蹄寺景区管委会文化遗产管理办公室,李先生提供 Matisi, Zhangye, Gansu 马蹄寺,甘肃 张掖
  • 6. The first challenge 挑战一 The concept of ‘scenic spots’ “ 风景点”的定义
  • 7. Scenic Spot 景点 Characteristics: 特点: Defined Place 固定地点 Strictly Delimited 严格的界限 Promoted as “A Scenic Spot” 作为“景点”促销 Isolated from Context 与周边环境相独立 A Presentation 有一定的主题或含义 Managed 需要管理 Created or Recreated History, Society 传承或者创造着历史、社会 Outcomes: 现状: Unconnected 独立存在 Weak Promotion and Marketing 宣传促销不够 Few Synergies 合作少 “ Everything Charged” 乱收费 Destination 目的地 Characteristics: 特点: Defined or Undefined Area 固定或不固定的地点 Partially Delimited 部分划界 Promoted as “An Area” 作为“一个区域”来推广 Context is Everything 周边环境都包括在内 Unstaged 不正规 Unmanaged 没有专门的管理 Product of History 历史产物 Outcomes: 现状: Usually connected 通常是独立的 Stronger Promotion and Marketing 宣传促销较强 Natural Synergies 与其他部门自然形成 合作 Focused Charging 集中收费
  • 8. The dilemma 困惑 Anxi County (renamed Guazhou County in late 2005), Jiuquan, Gansu 甘肃酒泉安西县( 2005 年末更名为瓜州县) Twenty three significant Silk Road sites; only one mentioned in any foreign guidebook (Yulin Grottos) and Only three mentioned in Chinese language guidebooks (+ Eastern Qianfodong, Suoyang) 丝绸之路上的 23 处重要景点,仅有 1 处可以在外文旅行指南上找到(榆林石窟),仅有 3 处在中文旅行指南上 有所介绍(榆林石窟,东千佛洞,琐阳石窟)
  • 9. Small villages…. 小村镇 …… Anxi County, Jiuquan, Gansu 安西县,甘肃酒泉 Unknown little snippets of history. 不为人知的历史片断 Ask the locals for details. Everyone will come out to tell you what it is it for. And insist that you have lunch with them afterwards. 问当地人关于村子的故事,每个人都会告诉你这是什么,做什么用的。并且坚持邀请你与他们共进午餐。 I’m not going to spoil the surprise. 我想保留这份惊喜。 This is not Beijing. Or Shanghai, Guilin or Xi’an. This is local China, with 5,000 years of history waiting for you. 这不是北京、上海、桂林或者西安。这是最本色的中国,有着 5000 年历史的她在等待你们。
  • 10. The second challenge 挑战二 Authenticity 真实性
  • 11. The third challenge 挑战三 Enhancing management 加强管理
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Body of Best Practice Government Ministries Key Universities Key Institutes Provincial Authorities Municipal Authorities Prefectures, Counties, Districts Heritage Sites Tourism Sites SACH CNTA Ministry of Construction, etc Peking Tsinghua Sichuan, etc CAS CASS Dunhuang, etc ENORMOUS GAP China: two worlds
  • 15. 最佳操作体 政府部门 重点大学 重点科研机构 省级政府部门 市级政府部门 地方、县、区 遗产地 旅游地 国家文物局 国家旅游局 建设局,等 北大 清华 川大,等 中国科学院 中国社会科学院 敦煌研究院,等 显著分歧 中国:两个世界
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Structure of Government…provincial and below - simplified Municipal Government Tourism Bureau Cultural Heritage Bureau Development & Reform Commission Taxation Bureau Commerce Bureau Personnel Bureau Labour and Social Security Bureau Public Security Bureau Environmental Protection Bureau Pricing and Quality Bureau Education Bureau Finance Bureau Communication Bureau Transportation Bureau Railway Bureau Religious Affairs Bureau Ethnic Nationalities Bureau Water Resources Bureau Forestry Bureau Construction Bureau Vice-Mayor 1 Vice-Mayor 2 “ Rural” Scenic Area Administration Bureau “ Urban” Tourism Development Company Direct Inputs Direct or Indirect Inputs
  • 19. 政府结构 … 省级和省级以下——逐级简化 市政府 旅游局 文物局 发改委 税务局 商业局 人事局 劳动与社会安全保障局 公安局 环保局 物价局 教育局 财政局 宣传局 交通局 铁路局 宗教事务局 民族事务局 水利局 林业局 建设局 副市长 1 副市长 2 “ 乡村”风景区管理部门 “ 城市”旅游开发公司 直接参与 直接或间接参与
  • 20. Excellent, world-class museum design 世界级的出色博物馆设计 Xue Tao Museum, Chengdu, Sichuan 薛涛博物馆,四川成都
  • 21. Intangible heritage 无形文化遗产 Suoyang, Anxi County, Jiuquan, Gansu 锁阳,甘肃酒泉 安西县 Rot of cynomorium plant, found at Suoyang and reason for its original construction 2,000 years ago. Earns the site twice as much as gate revenue. 琐阳,名贵药材,又称沙漠人参,出土于甘肃琐阳,据考证其历史可以追溯到 2000 年前。此种遗产使 琐阳城门票收入翻了一番。
  • 22. Structure of Government…provincial and below - simplified Municipal Government Tourism Bureau Cultural Heritage Bureau Development & Reform Commission Taxation Bureau Commerce Bureau Personnel Bureau Labour and Social Security Bureau Public Security Bureau Environmental Protection Bureau Pricing and Quality Bureau Education Bureau Finance Bureau Communication Bureau Transportation Bureau Railway Bureau Religious Affairs Bureau Ethnic Nationalities Bureau Water Resources Bureau Forestry Bureau Construction Bureau Vice-Mayor 1 Vice-Mayor 2 “ Rural” Scenic Area Administration Bureau “ Urban” Tourism Development Company Direct Inputs Direct or Indirect Inputs
  • 23. 政府结构 … 省级和省级以下——逐级简化 市政府 旅游局 文物局 发改委 税务局 商业局 人事局 劳动与社会安全保障局 公安局 环保局 物价局 教育局 财政局 宣传局 交通局 铁路局 宗教事务局 民族事务局 水利局 林业局 建设局 副市长 1 副市长 2 “ 乡村”风景区管理部门 “ 城市”旅游开发公司 直接参与 直接或间接参与
  • 24. Explanatory information panels in different languages…. 不同语言的解说板 …… … .and with maps … . 以及地图 Chengdu City Centre, Sichuan 成都市中心,四川
  • 25. Helpful signboards 标识牌 Giant Panda Breeding Research Centre Chengdu, Sichuan 大熊猫繁殖基地,四川成都
  • 26. Low impact signs 效果不明显的标志 Suoyuan, Anxi County, Jiuquan, Gansu 琐阳城, 甘肃酒泉 安西县
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.