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21st century revolutions
- 1. Ukraine Cedar Revolution Qaddafi Human Rights SyriaAl-Assad Rose Revolution Orange Revolution Tahrir Square Uprising Libya Honduras Bolivia Egypt Corruption Regime Unemployment Mubarek Authoritarianism Tunisia 1 2
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- 3. 7 8 9
- 4. 12 11 13
- 5. 15
- 6. References 1. http://stokeswp.org.uk/2011/03/01/revolution-in-the-21st-century-a-one-day-special-event-hosted-by-the-swp/ (Accessed 26 May 2014) 2. http://arabspringnow.com/the-kazakh-and-moroccan-examples/ (Accessed 26 May 2014) 3. http://www.aaj.tv/2014/02/social-media-fuels-21st-century-fashion-revolution/ (Accessed 26 May 2014) 4. https://tulaneict4d.wordpress.com/2013/04/03/ (Accessed 26 May 2014) 5. http://lorenvettoretto.wordpress.com/2013/10/12/social-media-a-revolutionary-tool/ (Accessed 26 May 2014) 6. Lindsey, R. A. (2013). What the Arab Spring Tells Us About the Future of Social Media in Revolutionary Movements. Journal Article| July, 29(8), 53pm. 7. http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy (Accessed 26 May 2014) 8. http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/news/libyan-fighters-return-the-favour-in-syrias-civil-war_9665 (Accessed 26 May 2014) 9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31a2Kn-B56o (Accessed 26 May 2014) 10. Prashad, V. (2012). Arab Spring, Libyan Winter. AK Press. 11. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/01/ahdaf-soueif-egypt-protests (Accessed 26 May 2014) 12. http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2011/02/violence_errupts_as_pro-mubara.html (Accessed 26 May 2014) 13. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/nation-world/two-years-of-egyptian-revolution/morsi-mubarak-and- tantawi/slideshow/18148642.cms (Accessed 26 May 2014) 14. Tschirgi, D., Kazziha, W., & McMahon, S. F. (Eds.). (2013). Egypt's Tahrir Revolution. Lynne Rienner Publishers. 15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUBvVTNRp4Q#t=115 (Accessed 26 May 2014)
Editor's Notes
- From December 2010, a wave of revolutionary protest and demonstrations took place across the Arab World. The catalyst was a mans self-immolation in Tunisia as a response to government corruption. What followed was regimes carrying out violence against their own citizens, civil war in Libya, an ongoing civil war in Syria and the toppling of multiple regimes. Commonly referred to as the Arab Spring, this name undermines the blood that was shed for social and political change, which is still uncertain in many of the involved countries.
- Social media and its utilisation is what made the revolutions of the Arab Spring stand out from previous revolutions. When once the holding and/or withholding of information was a regimes source of power against such uprisings, the use of social media allowed for information to be made a weapon and shared down to the individual level6. While social media played a significant role in the mobilization of populations all across the Middle East, stating that it was central to the revolutions would be taking away from the discontent and sacrifices of the activists and protesters at the forefront of the movements.
- While tensions still remain in Libya following the death of Qaddafi10, they have not seen the blow out to complete civil war that Syria has. Both regimes attempted to crush the uprising revolutions that took place at the start of 2011 with active violence against their citizens. Syria has fared badly in the three years of civil war. Syria is the face of a failed revolution. Whether the Assad regime gets toppled or not, Syrians have lost.
- Egypt has faced the most public and arduous post revolution restructuring. The street art image above simply states the journey that Egypt has had to go through; 2011: Down with Mubarak’s rule. 2012: Down with military rule. 2013: Down with Brotherhood rule. Egypt faces an unsure future, with elections in the near future there is hope but many steps need to be taken for fair and democratic process. An agreeable constitution and insurance of free and fair elections need to be agreed upon before the nation can recover. The Brotherhood filled a fortuitous gap14 but failed to deliver revolutionary changes, only time will tell if the newly elected leadership will be able to provide the much fought for changes.
- This video is a recent song that has gone viral in Egypt. It calls for all Egyptians to unite and to vote in the upcoming elections. It states that the elections need to be democratic and the way that will be achieved is if all Egyptians, from all over, vote. It convey hope and a sense of unity that echoes the core of the Egyptian revolution.