This document provides code for building a boilerplate widget in WordPress. It includes a class called boilerplate_widget that extends the WP_Widget class. The class contains functions for constructing the widget, generating the form, updating settings, and displaying the widget. The code also includes an action to register the widget so that it can be added to site sidebars.
8. Plugin Name: Boilerplate Widget
Plugin URI: http://slushman.com/plugins/boilerplate-widget
Description: Boilerplate code to start building your widget.
Version: 0.1
Author: Slushman
Author URI: http://www.slushman.com
License: GPLv2
9. ***********************************************************************
Copyright (C) 2013 Slushman
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General License for more details.templates/classic.php
You should have received a copy of the GNU General License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
***********************************************************************
Introduce yourselfPastor’s kid – moved aroundCall Nashville home, coming up on 9 years in a row hereI’m also a musician and play with the Band The Vibe Dials.
The three loves of my life: Anna, Ginger, and Asher
I’ve been working with WordPress since 2007, starting as a blogger on WordPress.comand eventually learning to build sites with the downloadable version.I’ve been developing plugins for two years and I started with a widget for BuddyPress.I currently do development and design under the name Slushman. You can view my portfolio and contact me at slushman.comMy most popular plugin is ArtistDataPress, which allows musicians to style their ArtistData calendars to match their WP sites.
During the day, I work at Belmont University as a computer technician and web admin for the Mike Curb College of Entertainment and Music Business. I’m also currently working towards a web development degree while I build sites, design themes, and code plugins for the CEMB sites.
Let’s jump inHow many have already developed their widget?How many are starting development?If you’re planning to build your own widget, it should be written as a separate plugin. You have the advantage of removing the widget without affecting your theme or the WordPress core code.FYI – we’re going to take a look at some boilerplate code I’ve written for creating widgets. This file will be available for download from my website: slushman.com.When you create a plugin, there are a several things you’ll need at the top of your file.
Plugin name – the name of your pluginPlugin URI – where you have info about this pluginDescription – a brief description of what your plugin doesVersion – the version of your pluginAuthor – who wrote thisAuthor URI – where can people contact youLicense – the rules about how people can use your work. Most WordPress plugins use GPL2
Here’s an example from our Boilerplate Widget code.
This is the full GPL2 notification. Adding at the top of your plugin is completely optional, but recommended.
This would be the first line of code for your widget.For those who aren’t experienced developers, you’re probably wondering:
A class is a set of instructions to build a specific type of object, in this case, it’s a set of instructions for building a widget within WordPress.Using a class allows us to keep our code completely separated from the other widgets, plugins, and WordPress. Plus, it’s the only way to build one in WordPress, without rebuilding large parts of WP.It also allows us to create multiple instances of our widgets.
Instances are clones of our widget.Think of it this way: if everyone in here drove a Toyota Camry. But we wouldn’t be driving the exact same Camry, like literally the same car. We would each drive our own Camry. Each one can have different properties, power windows, white paint job, premium stereo, etc.
boilerplate_widget is the name of our example classExtends:Inherits the methods and properties of another classIn this case, our widget inherits the methods and properties of the WP Widget class. All we need to do is define our widget’s unique properties and functions.So, there are five parts you have to have for your widget.
First is the constructor for our widget. It tells WordPress two pieces of information:The name of the widgetThe description of the widgetYou can optionally include a classname in the $opts array.
These are what you see when you look at the Widgets page to choose a widget.
parent::__construct() refers to the WP_Widget classThis tells the WP_Widget class to create a new widget with this and description.False refers to an optional parameter for construct that allows you to specify the base of the your ID attributes for your widget. If you just use FALSE here, it uses part of the unique class name. This argument does need to be unique, so I’ve found its better to just let WordPress figure this out for you.
There is a fourth argument that can be passed here, which sets the width and height of the widget, but height is currently not used.I’ve rarely seen a need for this last argument. If your widget is going to be wider than 250px, the width argument is required.
The form() functioncreates the form you see on the widget pageThis function has one parameter, $instance, which contains the settings for that instance of the widget.
$defaults is an array of the default settings for the widget.Next is wp_parse_args(), which takes the defaults and merges the defaults array with the $instance array. The $instance array takes precedence, so the settings you’ve set there override any settings in $default.We reassign this to the $instance variable to use for the rest of this function
Basically, we’re creating the HTML for a field, but there are some specific WordPress bits we need to use instead of the standard HTML.Lets break this down into individual easier to read chunks so we can see what’s going here
First, we’ll assign the $textfield variable the name of our field, which makes it easier to use. In this case, the field name is “title”.
To start the input field, we wrap it in p tags, which just spaces them out nicely.Then, we create the label for the field.The “for” attribute on the label tag needs the field’s ID, which we get using the get_field_id() function.get_field_id() creates a unique ID for this field for this instance and it uses the field’s name, so we give it that using the $textfield variable. So it may end up being something like “title15” or something. It just needs something unique compared to every other widget title.Then, as the label for the field, we capitalize the $textfield variable for the actual field label using the PHP function ucwords(), which capitalizes the first letter of each word.This will give us the field name “Title” with a capital T.
Next, starts the actual HTML input field. The widefat class here refers to the CSS and widefat comes from WordPress and makes the text field look like other text fields within WordPress.The ID for the input also comes from the get_field_id() function.Then we give the field a name and we use the get_field_name() function. This gives the field a name for this instance, which is unique from all other field names. It also uses the $textfield variable
Next we assign the the type of input field, which is just “text”. This could also be email, url, tel for phone numbers, and a variety of other types. In our case thought, we’ll just stick with text.The value attribute comes from the $instance variable we created earlier with wp_parse_args.We wrap the value in the esc_attr() function helps prevent security issues when displaying data. We’ll talk more about security later.Finally, we end the input field, label, and function.
Now, if we activated our widget, we would have one text field, labeled “Title”, with the default value of “Boilerplate Widget” in the field.However, if we tried to change that value, it would not save. We need to tell WP_Widget what to do when we change the title.
We do that with the update() function.
update() needs the new $instance, which are the values being submitted from the form() function and the old $instance, which are the values already saved.
First, reassign $old_instance to $instance, which creates a new array of values to work with in the rest of the update function.
Then we reassign that particular value with the new value. $instance is an array of values, which means it contains several values assigned with names.In our case, we only have “title”, so we save the new value from the form. If you had more than one field in your form, you’d have a statement for each field.
But we sanitize the input first using the sanitize_text_field() function.Without sanitizing first, it is possible to write a statement that damages our database and submit it through the widget form.Since we’re using a text field, WordPress has this built-in function, sanitize_text_field, that removes line breaks, tabs, extra white spaces, strips tags and octets, and converts < characters into HTML entities that can be saved safely in the database.
Lastly, the new $instance is returned, which tells the WP_Widget class to save the new values.
Then we come to the widget() function. This is the actual widget output you see on the sidebar.I’ve broken this function down into three parts to make it easier to see what’s going on here. What you see here is the top of the function.
You’ll notice there are two parameters, $args and $instance.$instance is the same thing we’ve seen before. Its an array of values related to that particular instance of the widget.$args comes from the WP_Widget class and contains some HTML and bits for use in the widget.
The first thing we do is create variables from all the items contained in $args using PHP’s extract function.Then we echo the $before_widget variable, which starts the HTML for the widget output.
Next, we create the $title variable by checking if $instance has a value for the title, if so we check for any filters for the widget’s title and assign it. If there is no value for the instance title, the $title variable is just blank.This is useful when you want a widget, but don’t need to the title bar, so you just set the title field to blank.
If there is a value for title, we output the before_title HTML, the title itself, then the after_title HTML.
After that, we echo an HTML div that begins the wrapper for the widget content.The second section of the widget function is…
This next part is the output of your widget. It will vary based on what your particular widget does.
After your content, we echo the end of the content div, then the $after_widget HTML.Notice, we’re also ending the class too.But we still have one bit of code we’ll need for our widget to run in WordPress.
This is the last code needed for a widget.
add_action tells WordPress when you run this function, run this function too. In this case, when WordPress runs widgets_init(), run our function, slushman_boilerplate_widget_init(), too.By the way, that function name does need to be unique, since we’re not using within the class.
In slushman_boilerplate_widget_init (), we register our widget, using the unique class name we created at the top.
Now, when we activate our widget plugin, WordPress will add the Boilerplate widget to the list of widgets in the Widget admin.
What kind of widget do you want to create then?What has no one else created that you want to create?