1. Countable – Uncountable
Uncountable
a) Substance :
 Solids : meat , cheese , butter , bread , ice , glass, iron , silver , etc.
 Fluids : water , milk , beer , wine , soup , blood , oil , etc.
 Gases : pollution , air , steam , oxygen , etc.
 Particles , salt , sugar , pepper , rice , wheat , corn , flour , dirt , dust , sand , etc.
b) Nounsdenotingwholegroupsmadeupsimilaritems
 Baggage/luggage , clothing , food , furniture , jewellery , junk , equipment , machinery , postage
, scenery , traffic , Money , ammunition
Examples :
 Furniture - Uncountable
Chair , armchair , sofa tableetc. – Countable
 Fruit - Uncountable
Apple , orange, pear , peach , apricot , etc. – Countable
 Jewellery– Uncountable
Ring ,bracelet , necklace ,earrings , etc . –Countable
 Ammunition – Uncountable
Pistol , rifle , gun, etc. -Countable
c) Abstractnouns : Pek çok soyut isim uncountable olarak kabul edilir .
 Advice , anger , asistance , behaviour ,conduct , courage , education , employment , evidence, fun
,happiness , health ,help , honestly ,hospitality , importance, intelligence , information , knowledge
,justice , laugher , luck , music , patience , peace , poetry , pride , progress , significance , truth , violence
, wealth , work , homework , time , energy , news, vocabulary ,etc.
d) Gerunds : swimmihg , diving , running , cooking , etc .
e) Recreation:chess , teniss , football , etc .
f) Fields of study:history , literature , psychology , chemistry ,etc.
g) Languages:Turkish ,English , German , Portuguese , etc.
h) NaturelPhenomena:dew , fog ,hail , heat , humidity , lighting ,rain ,snow , thunder , weather ,wind ,
sunshine , gravity , etc.

2. SOME – ANY – MUCH – MANY
SOME
(+) Sentence + C/UC
Sayılabilir isimlerle kullanıldındaBİRKAÇ , sayılamaz isimlerle kullanıldığında BİRAZ anlamı verir
There is somewater in thebottle .
Therearetwoletters on thetable. / Therearesomeletters on thetable .
There is somecoffee in thekitchen .
Therearesomeapples in thekitchen .
Therearesomeproblems here.
Therearesomepeoplewaiting at thebus-stop ( … birkaç insan var )
There is somemilk in thefridge( … biraz süt var )
Some , sayılabilir çoğul isimlerle bazı anlamında da kullanılır .
Somepeopleare not sooptimistic as others. ( Bazı insanlar …)
Some carsa re convertibles. ( Bazı arabalar … )
Arz Wouldyoulike…..
SOME ( İstisnai bir durum any kullanılmaz bu kalıpta )
Talep Can/ May I have……
Can I havesometea ?
Wouldyoulkesometea ?

3. ANY
(-)/ (?) Sentence + C/UC
There is anyfruit (-) / Is thereanyfruit (?)
Therearen’tanyproblems here (-) / Arethereanyproblems here (?)
NOTE: Olumsuz cümlede not any yerine nokullanabiliriz . Ancak no sayılabilir tekil isimlerlede
kullanılır. No kullanıldığında fiilin olumlu olduğuna dikkat ediniz.
Therearenowildanimals in thisforest.
There is nomilk at home
Therewasnobus at thathour , sowetook a taxi ( therewasn’tabus at thathour )
NOTE : ANY olumlu cümlede kullanıldığında ,
Herhangi bir , istediğin …. Anlamı verir. Bu
kullanımda ANY’den sonra sayılabilir tekil bir isim de gelebilir
-whichdressshould I weartotheparty ?
+You canwearanydressyoulike ( İstediğin elbiseyi giyebilirsin )
-Whichbusshould I taketo Kadıköy fromhere ?
+ You can takeanybus .Allthebusesfrom here gotoKadıköy .
-Whenshall I cometoseeyou ?
+Itdoesn’tmatter .Anddaysuitsme .You can comeanydayyoulike
( Her gün / herhangi bir gün bana uyar. İstediğin bir gün gelebilirsin. )

4. MUCH ( çok fazla , nekadar )
(-) / (?) Sentence + [UC]
How muchicecream is there ? (?) *There is someicecream.
*Thereisn’tanyicecream .
* Thereisn’tmuchicecream ( çok fazla dondurma yok )
MANY ( çok fazla, nekadar)
(-) / (?) Sentence + [C]
(?) Kaç tane
(-) Fazla yok
How manypencilsarethere ? (?) * Therearesomepencils.
*Therearetwopencils.
*Therearen’tanypencils
*Therearen’tmanypencils.
Weretheremanypeople in thequeue ? + Yestherewere a lot of /lots of/manypeople in thequeue .
(many olumlu cümlede kullanımı mümkündür . )
-No thereweren’tmanypeople in thequeue.
Wastheremuchtraffic on thewaytoworkyesterday ? +Yes, therewas a lot of / lots of traffic on
thewaytoworkyesterday (mucholumlu cümlede kullanımı çok nadirdir . )
-No therewasn’tmuchtraffic on thewaytowork
Toomany ve toomuch aşırılık bildirir ve olumlu cümlede kullanılır .
There is toomuchnoisebigcities.
Therearetoomanypeople at theparty.

5. Some , any , many ve much sözcüklerini “of”lu bir tamlamada kullanırken ismin önünde my , your , the , these ,
those , etc. Gibi bir sözcük kullanmamız gerekir . Bunun nedeni BELLİ bir grubun içinden BAZILARI , ÇOĞUvb
ifadelerini vermek içindir .
Somestudentsdon’tattendclasssesregularly *General +
o Some of thestudents in theclassdon’tattendclassesregularly *Specific +
Manychildrensufferfromloneliness in bigcities [General ]
o Many of thechildren in our Street areolderthanmy son [Specific ]
I don’tthinkanyelderlypeople can beartheseconditions [General ]
o I don’tthinkany of theseelderlypeople can bearthesecondition [Specific ]
Manypeoplecan’tspendmuch Money on clothing [General ]
o Much of this Money will be spent on food (Specific )
A lot / lots ‘dan sonra bir isim geliyorsa , arada mutlaka “of “kullanılır . Bu isim general ya da specificolabilir .
A lot /lots ofpeoplehavebecomeunemployedbecause of therecession (general)
A lot / lots of thepeople at thedemonstrationwerethosewho had losttherijobsduringtherecenteconomicscrisis
(specific)
Of ‘lu tamlamada çoğul isimlerin yerine zamir (pronoun ) olarak us , you , them , these , ve those; sayılamaz
isimlerin için ise it , that ve this kullanabiliriz .
Some of usdon’twanttogothere . ( Bazılarımız …..)
Many of themwereinvolved in thecase (Onların çoğu…… )
Areany of youcomewith us
Some of theseareyours .
-Whatdidyouspendthe Money on ?
-Much of itwasspent on advertisemen .