1.
It's not only about the money: Open
educational resources and practices
Christina Hendricks, UBC
Professor of Teaching
Academic Director, Centre for Teaching, Learning & Technology
Open Art Histories, Langara College, January 31, 2020
Except for elements licensed otherwise, these slides are licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

2.
Slides available:
is.gd/oer_openart_jan2020

3.
Open Edu & You
◉ Can explain OER in 5 seconds or less to someone
entirely new to it
◉ Have used OER in teaching and learning
◉ Have created or revised OER
◉ Can explain Open Edu Practices (OEP) / Open
Pedagogy (OP) in 5 seconds or less
◉ Engage in OEP/OP

4.
What does “open” mean?
What are OER?

5.
Open as in Free of Cost
Open as in cost Libros Libres, by
Alan Levine, licensed
CC BY 2.0, Flickr

6.
Open like a museum
Open like a museum
A Day at the
Museum 2, by
Robert Couse-Baker,
licensed CC BY 2.0,
Flickr

7.
5 R’s of open
content
◉ Reuse
◉ Revise
◉ Remix
◉ Redistribute
◉ Retain
Open Content Definition by David Wiley; Creative Commons Logo from CC Downloads

8.
Open Edu Resources
OER logo by Markus Büsges,
licensed CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia
Commons
“Open Educational Resources (OER) are
teaching, learning and research materials in
any medium – digital or otherwise – that
reside in the public domain or have been
released under an open license that permits
no-cost access, use, adaptation and
redistribution by others with no or limited
restrictions.” (UNESCO)

9.
Open how?
Adapted from Hodgkinson-Williams (2014)
Cost License Technical Inclusive/
Accessible
Pedagogical
Free of
cost (or
low cost
for print)
Allow
revision,
reuse
Open
formats;
technical skills
needed to
use/adapt;
availability,
discovery
Diverse topics,
perspectives, ways
of knowing;
digital accessibility,
Universal Design
Collaborative,
connecting to
wider
community;
student
contribution to
knowledge, not
just consumption

10.
Why OER?

11.
Your thoughts
Among those who use,
adapt, or create OER...
Why do you do so?

12.
Rising cost of textbooks
Source: US Bureau of Labor
Statistics
Textbook costs
College tuition
& fees
Housing at
school

13.
BC students
UBC
(2019)
71% Have gone w/o require texts in a course b/c of
cost (rarely, sometimes, often or frequently;
35%: often or frequently)
JIBC LESD
(2019)
60% Didn’t buy a required textbook because of cost
BC
(2015)
54% Didn’t purchase a required textbook at least
once in the past 12 months because of cost
UBC: AMS Undergraduate Experience Survey 2018; JIBC: Daddey & Korpa, 2019; BC: Jhangiani & Jhangiani (2017)

14.
Equity
◉ Increased access to education
& resources
○ including assessment tools
◉ Student retention (Fischer et al. 2015;
Wiley et al. 2016)
◉ Equal or better learning
outcomes (Hilton 2019)

15.
Customizability
Ability for faculty, staff, and
students to adapt:
◉ Customize to context
◉ Make more inclusive &
accessible
○ E.g., OER Accessibility Toolkit

16.
Open Educational
Practices

17.
Some views of OEP
“the creation, use, and reuse of open educational resources
(OER) as well as open pedagogies and open sharing of
teaching practices” -- Catherine Cronin (2017).
Making “the process and products of education more
transparent, understandable, and available to all the people
involved” -- Tom Woodward, in Grush (2014).

18.
OER logo in public domain; open access logo from PLoS,
licensed CC BY-SA 3.0; both on Wikimedia Commons
Some OEP examples
◉ Use, revision & creation of
OER
◉ Open reflection & sharing of
teaching practices, processes
◉ Open enrollment courses
◉ Open scholarship
-- Open Practices Briefing Paper
(Beetham et al., 2012)

19.
Open Edu
Practices
Open
Pedagogy
OEP & open
pedagogy (OP)
“… open pedagogy … is
focused on teaching
and learning as
compared with broader
aspects of scholarship”
(Cronin & MacLaren
2018).

20.
Open Pedagogy: How?

21.
Images licensed CC0 on pixabay.com: ttrash can and symbol for no
Non-disposable
assignments
“… assignments that are sustainable
or not disposable, assignments that
would have benefit to others
beyond the limited course time and
space.”
-- Maha Bali (2017); see also David
Wiley on disposable assignments (2013)

22.
Wikipedia
projects

23.
Antologia Abierta de Literatura
Hispana, cover licensed CC BY 4.0
Environmental Science Bites,
Cover licensed CC BY 4.0
Open Textbooks
See A Guide to Making Open
Textbooks with Students
Fundamentals of Injury
Biomechanics (in progress)

24.
Students contributing to
other OER
Open Case Studies (UBC)
UN SDG Open Pedagogy Fellowship
(KPU & Montgomery College)

25.
Contributing to
curriculum
Creating assignments, exam questions, tutorials:
◉ DS106 assignment bank
◉ Rajiv Jhangiani’s Social Psychology course
◉ Video tutorials, Digital Photography course
Creating learning outcomes, assignments,
grading policies & rubrics
◉ Robin DeRosa’s First Year Seminar

26.
Open Pedagogy: Why?

27.
Discussion
◉ What might be some
benefits to open
pedagogical practices?
◉ Possible challenges or risks?

28.
Some quotes on OP
◉ “shift the student emphasis to contribution to knowledge
as opposed to simple consumption of knowledge” (Heather
Ross)
◉ “the ability for learners to shape and take ownership of
their own education” (Devon Ritter)
◉ “connect with a broader, global community” (Tannis Morgan)
◉ “teacher as ‘the’ authority vs. students being able to bring
other sources of authority” (Jim Luke)

29.
Open pedagogy &
social justice
Photo licensed CC0 on pixabay.com
“open pedagogy is an ethos that has two …
components:
• A belief in the potential of openness and sharing
to improve learning
• A social justice orientation – caring about equity,
with openness as one way to achieve this”
-- Maha Bali, “What is Open Pedagogy?” (2017)

30.
OER & OEP focus on:
Access
Cost
Publicly available
Accessibility
Agency
Revision, creation of OER
Contribute to knowledge
Contribute to curriculum
See, e.g., DeRosa & Jhangiani,
Open Pedagogy Notebook

31.
Risks
Privacy & data Bullying & harassment Digital tattoo

32.
Sava Singh on the fallacy of open
Photo licensed CC0 on pixabay.com
“… open is not good for everyone ... The hype around
open, while well-intentioned, is also unintentionally
putting many people in harm’s way and they in turn
end up having to endure so much. The people calling
for open are often in positions of privilege, or have
reaped the benefits of being open early on …”
-- Sava Singh, “The Fallacy of Open” (2015)

33.
Your turn
◉ In pairs:
○ choose one or two “traditional”
assignments and turn them into open
pedagogy assignments.
◉ Share back with whole group.

34.
Slides: is.gd/oer_openart_jan2020
◉ @clhendricksbc (Twitter)
◉ christina.hendricks@ubc.ca
Except for elements licensed otherwise, these slides are licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
Thank you!

35.
Useful resources
◉ Annotated bibliography of multiple studies showing the
efficacy of open textbooks: the Open Ed Group Review
Project
◉ College Libraries Ontario OER Toolkit
◉ BCcampus Faculty OER Toolkit
◉ BCcampus OER by Discipline Directory (frequently
updated with new items)
◉ Rebus Community Guide to Making Open Textbooks
with Students

36.
References
Daddely, F., & Korpa, J. (2019). How does the use of zero-cost textbooks and OER’s impact the
learning of students who have to use them? Presentation at Canadian Network for Innovation in
Education, Vancouver, BC.
Fischer, L., Hilton III, J., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. A. (2015). A multi-institutional study of the
impact of open textbook adoption on the learning outcomes of post-secondary students—
Springer. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 27(3), 159–172.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-015-9101-x
Hendricks, C., Reinsberg, S. A., & Rieger, G. W. (2017). The Adoption of an open textbook in a
large physics course: An analysis of cost, outcomes, use, and perceptions. The International
Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(4). Retrieved from
http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/3006

37.
References cont’d
Hilton, J. (2019). Open educational resources, student efficacy, and user perceptions: A synthesis of
research published between 2015 and 2018. Educational Technology Research and Development.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09700-4
Hodgkinson-Williams, C. (2014, June 25). Degrees of ease: Adoption of OER, open textbooks and
MOOCs in the Global South. Presented at the OER Asia Symposium 2014. Retrieved from
https://open.uct.ac.za/handle/11427/1188
Jhangiani, R. S., & Jhangiani, S. (2017). Investigating the perceptions, use, and impact of open
textbooks: A survey of post-secondary students in British Columbia. The International Review of
Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(4). Retrieved from
http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/3012
Wiley, D., Williams, L., DeMarte, D., & Hilton, J. (2016). The Tidewater Z-Degree and the INTRO
model for sustaining OER adoption. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 24(0), 41.
https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.1828

38.
Credits
Special thanks to all the people who made and released
these resources:
◉ Presentation template (Viola) by SlidesCarnival, licensed
CC BY 4.0
◉ Icons purchased with a subscription to The Noun
Project