2. A. Definition
A genetic blood
disorder caused by the
presence of an
abnormal form of
hemoglobin. These
hemoglobin molecules
tend to aggregate after
unloading oxygen
forming long, rod-like
strictures that force
the red cells to assume
a sickle shape.
3. Signs & Symptoms
Fatigue (tiredness)
pale skin
nail beds
Jaundice
shortness of breath
Sudden episode of pain throughout the body.
4.
5. Oral Manifestation
An increased risk for periodontitis, or gum
disease
Abnormally pale tissue in mouth
Glossitis
7. Oral Care
SCD patients must undergo a thorough oral
and dental examination, using appropriate
radiographs.
Proper hygiene.
Strict dental appointments.
Extractions should be done atraumatically
8. Classification of Sickle Cell
Anemia as a disease:
•Mendelian- autosomal recessive genetic
disease
•Cytogenetics- The HBB gene is found in
region 15.5 on the short (p) arm of human
chromosome 11.
Editor's Notes
Anemia is a condition in which a person’s blood has a lower than normal number of red blood cells, or the red blood cells don’t have enough hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that gives blood its red color and carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Normal red blood cells last about 120 days in the bloodstream and then die. Their main role is to carry oxygen, but they also remove carbon dioxide (a waste product) from cells and carry it to the lungs to be exhaled. In sickle cell anemia, a lower-than-normalnumber of red blood cells occurs because sickle cells don’t last very long. Sickle cells die faster than normal red blood cells, usually after only about 10 to 20 days. The bone marrow can’t make new red blood cells fast enough to replace the dying ones. The result is anemia.
Common sites: bones, lungs, abdomen, and joints. Lack of blood flow can cause pain and organ damage.
A.B. due to a decreased number of red blood cellsC. Inflammation of the tongue
SCD-Because infection is the most common precipitating event in a sickle cell crisis, any potential sources of oral infection (pericoronitis, symptomatic impacted teeth, nonrestorable teeth, and so forth) must be removed-EXTRACTION-since the patient may have osteopenia, osteoporosis, and a thin mandibular border, increasing the risk of mandibular jaw fractures
MendelianSickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by a defect in the HBB gene, which codes for hemoglobin. The presence of two defective genes (SS) is needed for sickle cell anemia. If each parent carries one sickle hemoglobin gene (S) and one normal gene (A), each child has a 25% chance of inheriting two defective genes and having sickle cell anemia; a 25% chance of inheriting two normal genes and not having the disease; and a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like the parents.
