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MODULE 11

Hazard Communication
Purpose of OSHA’s Hazard
Communication Standard
“…ensure that employers and employees
know about work hazards and how to
protect themselves so that the incidence
of illnesses and injuries due to hazardous
chemicals is reduced.”
Hazard
Communication
Program

Container
Labeling

Material Safety
Data Sheet
MSDS

Program

Label

2

©2006 TEEX
Why should chemical hazards
be communicated?
 Exposure Risk: About 32 million workers
potentially exposed to chemical hazards
 Profusion of Chemicals: About 650,000
chemical products exist; hundreds of new
ones introduced annually
 Health Effects: May include heart ailments,
central nervous system damage, kidney and
lung damage, sterility, cancer, burns, and
rashes
 Safety Hazards: Potential to cause fires,
explosions, or other serious accidents
3

©2006 TEEX
Concept of regulation:
 Employees have both a need and a
right to know the hazards and identities
of the chemicals they are exposed to
when working.
 They also need to know what protective
measures are available to prevent
adverse effects from occurring.
4

©2006 TEEX
Who is covered?
 General industry, shipyard, marine
terminals, longshoring, and construction
employers
 Chemical manufacturers, importers,
employers, and employees exposed to
chemical hazards

5

©2006 TEEX
Employer Responsibilities
 A significant portion of the standard
pertains only to chemical manufactures,
importers, and distributors
 Employers who do not produce
chemicals only have to focus on
 establishing a workplace program and
 communicating information to their
workers.

 Appendix E provides guidelines
6

©2006 TEEX
Employer Responsibilities
 Inventory: Identify and list hazardous chemicals in
workplaces
 MSDS & Labeling: Obtain Material Safety Data
Sheets and labels for each hazardous chemical, if not
provided by the manufacturer, importer, or distributor
 Written Program: Implement a written HazCom
program, including labels, MSDS, and employee
training
 Communication & Training: Communicate hazard
information to employees through labels, MSDSs,
and formal training programs
7

©2006 TEEX
Labeling Exemptions
 Other federal agencies control labeling
requirements for the following substances:
 Pesticides
 Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance
Control Act
 Foods or food additives
 Distilled spirits, tobacco
 Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics
 Hazardous wastes
8

©2006 TEEX
How can workplace hazards be
minimized?
 Hazard Assessment: The first step in
minimizing workplace hazards is to
perform a thorough hazard assessment
 Manufacturer Evaluations: Employers
can rely on the manufacturers’ or
importers’ evaluations of the hazards of
the chemicals they use (from MSDS)
9

©2006 TEEX
Why is a written program
required?
 Employer: Program ensures that all
employers receive the information they
need to inform and train their
employees
 Employee: Program provides
necessary hazard information to
employees
10

©2006 TEEX
Employer RequirementsWritten Program
 Must cover at least:
Labels and other forms of warnings
Material Safety Data Sheets
Employee Information and Training
List of chemicals present and MSDS for
each
 Methods used to inform employees of
hazards of non-routine tasks
 Hazards of chemicals in unlabeled pipes





11

©2006 TEEX
Multi-Employer Workplaces
 When other employers have employees
onsite that may be exposed, program
must include:
 Methods to provide contractor employees
with on-site access to MSDS
 Methods used to inform other employers of
precautionary measures for normal and
emergency situations
 The employer’s chemical labeling system
12

©2006 TEEX
Consumer Products Exemption
 Any consumer product as defined in the
Consumer Product Safety Act where:
 Used in the workplace for the purpose
intended
 Exposure within the range that could
reasonably be experienced by consumers
when used for intended purpose

13

©2006 TEEX
Written Program Availability
 Written program available on request:
 To employees and their representatives
 Program may be kept at main location

14

©2006 TEEX
How must chemicals be
labeled?
 Containers of hazardous chemicals
entering workplace must be labeled with
 Identity of chemical
 Appropriate hazard warnings
 Message, picture or symbol
 Hazards of chemical
 Target organs affected
 Legible in English, may have other languages

 Name and address of responsible party
15

©2006 TEEX
Container Labeling Exemptions
 No new labels necessary if existing labels
convey required information
 Labeling not required for portable containers if:
 Transferred from labeled containers and
 Intended for immediate use by employee
performing transfer

16

©2006 TEEX
Material Safety Data Sheets
 Prepared by chemical manufacturer or
importer, describing
 Physical hazards, such as fire and
explosion
 Health hazards, such as signs of exposure
 Routes of exposure
 Precautions for safe handling and use
 Emergency and first-aid procedures
 Control measures
17

©2006 TEEX
Material Safety Data Sheets
 Must be in English and include specific
chemical identity and common names
 Must provide information about:
Physical and chemical characteristics
Health effects
Exposure limits
Carcinogenicity (cancer-causing)
Identification (name, address, and telephone
number) of the organization responsible for
preparing the sheet
 Must be readily accessible to employees in their
work area






18

©2006 TEEX
Material Safety Data Sheets
 No prescribed format
 If no MSDS received for a chemical:
 Contact supplier, manufacturer or importer
 Maintain record of the contact

 May be kept in any form including
operating procedures
 Addressing hazards of process may
make more sense than individual
chemicals
19

©2006 TEEX
Employee Information and
Training
 Employees must be provided
information and training on hazardous
chemicals in their work area:
 At the time of their initial assignment
 Whenever a new physical or health hazard
is introduced into their work area
 May cover categories of hazards or
individual chemicals
20

©2006 TEEX
Employee Information
 Employers must inform employees of:
 Training requirements of this section
 Operations in their work area where
hazardous chemicals are present;
 Location and availability of the written
hazard communication program

21

©2006 TEEX
What must employee training
contain?
 Program: Explanation of the HazCom
program, including information on labels,
MSDSs, and how to obtain and use available
hazard information
 Physical and health hazards of chemicals
 Protection: Protective measures such as
engineering controls, work practices, and the
use of PPE
 Detection: How to detect the presence or
release of a hazardous chemical (using
monitoring devices, observation, or smell)
22

©2006 TEEX
Health Hazard Definitions
 Acute: rapid effects, as a result of
short-term exposures, of short duration
 Chronic: effects as a result of longterm exposure, of long duration
 Corrosive: Visible destruction or
irreversible damage to body tissue,
including acids and caustics (bases)
 Definitions in 1910.1200 Appendix A
23

©2006 TEEX
Target Organ Effects
Hepatotoxins: liver damage
Nephrotoxins: kidney damage
Neurotoxins: nervous system effects
Agents which act on the blood or
hematopoietic system: deprive body
tissues of oxygen
 Agents which damage the lungs





24

©2006 TEEX
Target Organ Effects
 Reproductive toxins, including
teratogens (damage fetuses) and
mutagens (damage DNA)
 Cutaneous hazards: skin damage
 Eye hazards

25

©2006 TEEX
Setting up a program
 The Hazard Communication Standard
covers both:
 Physical hazards (such as flammability),
and
 Health hazards (such as irritation, lung
damage, and cancer)

 Most chemicals used in the workplace
have some hazard potential, and thus
will be covered by the rule
26

©2006 TEEX
Setting up a program
 This rule is more performance-oriented
than many other OSHA regulations.
 You have flexibility to adapt the rule to
the needs of your workplace, rather
than having to follow specific, rigid
requirements

27

©2006 TEEX
Setting up a program
 Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace
that are potentially hazardous
 Survey the workplace to make a
comprehensive list
 Identify chemicals in containers, including
pipes

 Establish purchasing procedures so that
MSDSs are received before a material is
used in the workplace
28

©2006 TEEX
Identify hazardous chemicals in
the workplace
 Compile a complete list of the potentially
hazardous chemicals in the workplace
 Determine if you have received material
safety data sheets for all of them
 If any are missing, contact your supplier and
request one
 Do not allow employees to use any chemicals
for which you have not received an MSDS
29

©2006 TEEX
Preparing and implementing a
hazard communication program
 All workplaces where employees are
exposed to hazardous chemicals must
have a written plan
 The plan does not have to be lengthy or
complicated

30

©2006 TEEX
Employee Training
 You may want to discuss each chemical
individually if there are only a few chemicals
in the workplace
 You may want to train generally:
 Based on the hazard categories (e.g.,
flammable liquids, corrosive materials,
carcinogens)
 Where there are large numbers of chemicals
or
 Where the chemicals change frequently
31

©2006 TEEX
Training Documentation
 The rule does not require employers to
maintain records of employee training,
but many employers choose to do so
 This may help you monitor your own
program to ensure that all employees
are appropriately trained

32

©2006 TEEX

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Hazard Communication Training by TEEX

  • 2. Purpose of OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard “…ensure that employers and employees know about work hazards and how to protect themselves so that the incidence of illnesses and injuries due to hazardous chemicals is reduced.” Hazard Communication Program Container Labeling Material Safety Data Sheet MSDS Program Label 2 ©2006 TEEX
  • 3. Why should chemical hazards be communicated?  Exposure Risk: About 32 million workers potentially exposed to chemical hazards  Profusion of Chemicals: About 650,000 chemical products exist; hundreds of new ones introduced annually  Health Effects: May include heart ailments, central nervous system damage, kidney and lung damage, sterility, cancer, burns, and rashes  Safety Hazards: Potential to cause fires, explosions, or other serious accidents 3 ©2006 TEEX
  • 4. Concept of regulation:  Employees have both a need and a right to know the hazards and identities of the chemicals they are exposed to when working.  They also need to know what protective measures are available to prevent adverse effects from occurring. 4 ©2006 TEEX
  • 5. Who is covered?  General industry, shipyard, marine terminals, longshoring, and construction employers  Chemical manufacturers, importers, employers, and employees exposed to chemical hazards 5 ©2006 TEEX
  • 6. Employer Responsibilities  A significant portion of the standard pertains only to chemical manufactures, importers, and distributors  Employers who do not produce chemicals only have to focus on  establishing a workplace program and  communicating information to their workers.  Appendix E provides guidelines 6 ©2006 TEEX
  • 7. Employer Responsibilities  Inventory: Identify and list hazardous chemicals in workplaces  MSDS & Labeling: Obtain Material Safety Data Sheets and labels for each hazardous chemical, if not provided by the manufacturer, importer, or distributor  Written Program: Implement a written HazCom program, including labels, MSDS, and employee training  Communication & Training: Communicate hazard information to employees through labels, MSDSs, and formal training programs 7 ©2006 TEEX
  • 8. Labeling Exemptions  Other federal agencies control labeling requirements for the following substances:  Pesticides  Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance Control Act  Foods or food additives  Distilled spirits, tobacco  Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics  Hazardous wastes 8 ©2006 TEEX
  • 9. How can workplace hazards be minimized?  Hazard Assessment: The first step in minimizing workplace hazards is to perform a thorough hazard assessment  Manufacturer Evaluations: Employers can rely on the manufacturers’ or importers’ evaluations of the hazards of the chemicals they use (from MSDS) 9 ©2006 TEEX
  • 10. Why is a written program required?  Employer: Program ensures that all employers receive the information they need to inform and train their employees  Employee: Program provides necessary hazard information to employees 10 ©2006 TEEX
  • 11. Employer RequirementsWritten Program  Must cover at least: Labels and other forms of warnings Material Safety Data Sheets Employee Information and Training List of chemicals present and MSDS for each  Methods used to inform employees of hazards of non-routine tasks  Hazards of chemicals in unlabeled pipes     11 ©2006 TEEX
  • 12. Multi-Employer Workplaces  When other employers have employees onsite that may be exposed, program must include:  Methods to provide contractor employees with on-site access to MSDS  Methods used to inform other employers of precautionary measures for normal and emergency situations  The employer’s chemical labeling system 12 ©2006 TEEX
  • 13. Consumer Products Exemption  Any consumer product as defined in the Consumer Product Safety Act where:  Used in the workplace for the purpose intended  Exposure within the range that could reasonably be experienced by consumers when used for intended purpose 13 ©2006 TEEX
  • 14. Written Program Availability  Written program available on request:  To employees and their representatives  Program may be kept at main location 14 ©2006 TEEX
  • 15. How must chemicals be labeled?  Containers of hazardous chemicals entering workplace must be labeled with  Identity of chemical  Appropriate hazard warnings  Message, picture or symbol  Hazards of chemical  Target organs affected  Legible in English, may have other languages  Name and address of responsible party 15 ©2006 TEEX
  • 16. Container Labeling Exemptions  No new labels necessary if existing labels convey required information  Labeling not required for portable containers if:  Transferred from labeled containers and  Intended for immediate use by employee performing transfer 16 ©2006 TEEX
  • 17. Material Safety Data Sheets  Prepared by chemical manufacturer or importer, describing  Physical hazards, such as fire and explosion  Health hazards, such as signs of exposure  Routes of exposure  Precautions for safe handling and use  Emergency and first-aid procedures  Control measures 17 ©2006 TEEX
  • 18. Material Safety Data Sheets  Must be in English and include specific chemical identity and common names  Must provide information about: Physical and chemical characteristics Health effects Exposure limits Carcinogenicity (cancer-causing) Identification (name, address, and telephone number) of the organization responsible for preparing the sheet  Must be readily accessible to employees in their work area      18 ©2006 TEEX
  • 19. Material Safety Data Sheets  No prescribed format  If no MSDS received for a chemical:  Contact supplier, manufacturer or importer  Maintain record of the contact  May be kept in any form including operating procedures  Addressing hazards of process may make more sense than individual chemicals 19 ©2006 TEEX
  • 20. Employee Information and Training  Employees must be provided information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area:  At the time of their initial assignment  Whenever a new physical or health hazard is introduced into their work area  May cover categories of hazards or individual chemicals 20 ©2006 TEEX
  • 21. Employee Information  Employers must inform employees of:  Training requirements of this section  Operations in their work area where hazardous chemicals are present;  Location and availability of the written hazard communication program 21 ©2006 TEEX
  • 22. What must employee training contain?  Program: Explanation of the HazCom program, including information on labels, MSDSs, and how to obtain and use available hazard information  Physical and health hazards of chemicals  Protection: Protective measures such as engineering controls, work practices, and the use of PPE  Detection: How to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical (using monitoring devices, observation, or smell) 22 ©2006 TEEX
  • 23. Health Hazard Definitions  Acute: rapid effects, as a result of short-term exposures, of short duration  Chronic: effects as a result of longterm exposure, of long duration  Corrosive: Visible destruction or irreversible damage to body tissue, including acids and caustics (bases)  Definitions in 1910.1200 Appendix A 23 ©2006 TEEX
  • 24. Target Organ Effects Hepatotoxins: liver damage Nephrotoxins: kidney damage Neurotoxins: nervous system effects Agents which act on the blood or hematopoietic system: deprive body tissues of oxygen  Agents which damage the lungs     24 ©2006 TEEX
  • 25. Target Organ Effects  Reproductive toxins, including teratogens (damage fetuses) and mutagens (damage DNA)  Cutaneous hazards: skin damage  Eye hazards 25 ©2006 TEEX
  • 26. Setting up a program  The Hazard Communication Standard covers both:  Physical hazards (such as flammability), and  Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage, and cancer)  Most chemicals used in the workplace have some hazard potential, and thus will be covered by the rule 26 ©2006 TEEX
  • 27. Setting up a program  This rule is more performance-oriented than many other OSHA regulations.  You have flexibility to adapt the rule to the needs of your workplace, rather than having to follow specific, rigid requirements 27 ©2006 TEEX
  • 28. Setting up a program  Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace that are potentially hazardous  Survey the workplace to make a comprehensive list  Identify chemicals in containers, including pipes  Establish purchasing procedures so that MSDSs are received before a material is used in the workplace 28 ©2006 TEEX
  • 29. Identify hazardous chemicals in the workplace  Compile a complete list of the potentially hazardous chemicals in the workplace  Determine if you have received material safety data sheets for all of them  If any are missing, contact your supplier and request one  Do not allow employees to use any chemicals for which you have not received an MSDS 29 ©2006 TEEX
  • 30. Preparing and implementing a hazard communication program  All workplaces where employees are exposed to hazardous chemicals must have a written plan  The plan does not have to be lengthy or complicated 30 ©2006 TEEX
  • 31. Employee Training  You may want to discuss each chemical individually if there are only a few chemicals in the workplace  You may want to train generally:  Based on the hazard categories (e.g., flammable liquids, corrosive materials, carcinogens)  Where there are large numbers of chemicals or  Where the chemicals change frequently 31 ©2006 TEEX
  • 32. Training Documentation  The rule does not require employers to maintain records of employee training, but many employers choose to do so  This may help you monitor your own program to ensure that all employees are appropriately trained 32 ©2006 TEEX