5. Agilent Confidential
What is “Conformance”?
Question: Does a certain (wireless) device meet the requirements
established by the applicable industry standards?
Equipment Under Test
Conformance Test System
(EUT)
Conformance Test
5
6. Agilent Confidential
When does Conformance
happen?
Components
Development
System
Integration
Certification
Operator
Acceptance
R&D and Pre-Conformance
Conformance
Regulatory
Conformance &
Interoperability
Performance &
Usability
7. Agilent Confidential
Conformance Terminology
Device Certification
Program operated by different forums to increase global interoperability between
mobile devices and networks based on technical requirements developed by bodies
like 3GPP among others.
GCF/PTCRB
Groups formed by network operators, terminal manufacturers, test equipments, test
houses and other organizations responsible for running mobile terminals certification.
Validation
Process that enable test equipment vendors to qualify their test platforms as
approved for certitication.
RCT/PCT/RRM
Radio Frequency, Protocol and Radio Resource Management Conformante Test
Systems respectively, which implements the test specifications for UE defined by the
3GPP.
7
8. Agilent Confidential
Conformance pillars
Test Specs
- Test cases
- Includes bands
- Constantly evolves,
over
„releases‟
8
Test Platforms
- Approved test
systems/tools
/instruments
- RF, Protocol,
RRM…
- Must keep pace
with standards
- Proof validation for
a certain
percentage (e.g.
80%) to be
approved
Lab
Accreditation
- Lab must fulfill a
set of requirements
defined by a 3rd
party, e.g. ISO
17025.
- Must use validated
TPs.
- Might involve
auditing process.
9. Agilent Confidential
LTE Conformance Ecosystem
Operators
Develops TTCN code for PCT
testing
- Device certification based on 3GPP standa
RAN Working Groups (WG)
RAN 1 – Layer1
How the
system works?
1)Select and prioritize test cases
2) Create WI/RFT for specific requirem
RAN 2 – Layer 2 and RRM
3) Validate Test Platforms/Test Cases
RAN 3 – Overall architecture
4) Lab accreditation
How to test the
RAN 4 – RF performance analysis
system works?
RAN 5 – Conformance requirements
10. Agilent Confidential
3GPP Test Specs
Test spec Testing area
36.508
36.521-1
36.521-2
36.521-3
36.523-1
36.523-2
36.523-3
10
Common test environment
RF Conformance Test Cases
Applicability for RF & RRM (ICS)
RRM Conformance Test Cases
Protocol Conformance Test Cases
Applicability for Protocol (ICS)
TTCN for Protocol
11. Agilent Confidential
Frequency Bands – Release Independent
An important aspect of frequency bands when it comes to the 3GPP
releases is that they are “release independent”. This means that a
band defined in a later release can be applied to an earlier
release.
This significantly simplifies the specifications.
FDD
TDD
Release 8
1 – 17 (excl. 15,16*) 32 - 40
Release 9
18 - 21
Release 10
22 - 25
41 - 43
Release 11
26 - 29
44
Release 12
30?, 31?, …
* Bands 15 and 16 are specified by ETSI only for use in Europe
12. Agilent Confidential
GCF
GCF (Global Certification Forum) Certification is defined and
maintained by GCF members collectively. The Conformance and
Interoperability Group (CAG) identifies the Certification Entry
Criteria (CEC) through laboratory testing.
GCF CEC for WIs
LTE Rel-8
RF & RRM
WI080
LTE Rel-8 Protocol
Conformanc
e Test Cases
12
WI150
WI090
WI081
082
TPAC
WI091
092
WI162
Rel-9 &
CA
13. Agilent Confidential
PTCRB Certification
PTCRB (PCS Type Certification Review Board) framework for
GSM, UMTS and LTE UE certification services for North American
operators.
RFT
076
Conformance
Test Cases
LTE Rel.9
Enhancements
RFT
099
RFT
103
13
LTE Release 8
Carrier
Aggregation
14. Agilent Confidential
Validation of Test Platforms/ Test Cases
Certification bodies do not
adopt the entire 3GPP test
specs
Each certification body SELECTS a group of TEST
CASES and DEFINES PRIORITY based on operators‟
plans GCF: Work Items (WI)
PTCRB: Request For Testing (RFT)
Test system vendors DEVELOP TEST CASES
on their test platforms
Each test system vendor selects an ACCREDITED
LAB to VALIDATE their test cases using reference
UEs
The lab submits a validation report to the specific
certification body for approval, ENABLING the
TEST SYSTEM and TEST CASE FOR
CERTIFICATION
14
16. Agilent Confidential
Test Cases - Categories
A: Test case mandatory for
Certification.
B: Test case validated with
exceptions.
C: Test case validated but not
applicable for certification yet (due
to WI not active or frequency band
not active).
D: Test case downgraded.
16
P: Test case not validated in any
platform. It can only be validated at
a CAG meeting.
17. Test Cases - Applicability
PTCRB and GCF define a special field for every
test case in order to indicate whether the test case
has to be executed in all supported bands or
only in the „main band‟ supported.
In GCF:
• RF test cases (Sec. 6 and 7) and RRM test
cases from Sec. 9 shall be run for each band
supported by the Device.
• All other RF and RRM TCs, plus all protocol test
cases except for few exceptions, shall be run
only once in a band chosen by the Device
Manufacturer.
17
Agilent Profile
Dec. 1, 2011
19. Agilent Confidential
Agenda
The “Conformance Ecosystem”
- Concepts, LTE Ecosystem, 3GPP Specs, Validation,
GCF/PTCRB, Certification Database, etc.
LTE-Advanced – 3GPP Status and Certification
overview
- Intro, Carrier Aggregation types, 3GPP CA status, Rel.
11/12., etc.
Beyond Conformance: Carrier Acceptance
19
20. Agilent Confidential
LTE: “Industry Snapshot”
222 commercial LTE networks launched (260 forecast by the
end of 2013)
o 10% are TDD networks
o Less than 10% of those using 20 MHz (most using 10MHz)
126 million LTE subscribers (100 million in 12 months)
o More than half in North America (64 million)
Over 1,000 LTE capable devices available
o 40% can operate in Band 3 and 7
o 20% support TDD bands
LTE is the fastest growing mobile technology ever…
but it is not 4G!
www.gsacom.com
20
21. Agilent Confidential
Why LTE-Advanced?
IMT-Advanced Requirements
Based on an all-IP packet switch network
Scalable channel bandwidth between 5 and 20 MHz
Interoperability with existing wireless standards
Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services
and applications -- 1 Gbps for low mobility
21
22. Agilent Confidential
Why LTE-Advanced?
IMT-Advanced Requirements
“Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and
applications (100 Mbit/s for high and 1 Gbit/s for low
mobility)”
Item
Subcategory
Spectral
efficiency
(b/s/Hz)
Downlink
Data rate
(Mbps)
22
IMT-Adv
LTE
15
16.3
(4x4 MIMO)
(4x4 MIMO)
6.75
4.32
(2x4 MIMO)
(64QAM)
Downlink
1000
300
Uplink
100
75
Uplink
23. Agilent Confidential
LTE-Advanced features
Carrier Aggregation
Higher data rates
(bps)
Het Nets
Enhanced MIMO
Higher spectral
effiency
(bps/Hz)
Higher spectral
effiency
per coverage area
(bps/Hz/Km2)
23
24. Agilent Confidential
LTE-Advanced data rates
IMT-Advanced Requirements
“Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and
applications (100 Mbit/s for high and 1 Gbit/s for low
mobility)”
Item
Subcategory
Spectral
efficiency
(b/s/Hz)
Downlink
Data rate
(Mbps)
24
IMT-Adv
LTE
LTE Rel.10
15
16.3
30
(4x4 MIMO)
(4x4 MIMO)
(8x8 MIMO)
6.75
4.32
15
(2x4 MIMO)
(64QAM)
(4x4 MIMO)
Downlink
1000
300
3000
Uplink
100
75
1500
Uplink
25. Agilent Confidential
LTE-A: UE Categories
UE
Category
Data Rate
DL/UL
Downlink
Uplink
Support for
64QAM
10 / 5
1
1
No
50 / 25
2
1
No
3
100 / 50
2
1
No
4
150 / 50
2
1
No
5
300 / 75
4
1
Yes
6
300 / 50
2 or 4
1 or 2
No
7
300 / 100
2 or 4
1 or 2
No
8
LTE-A
Max number
of layers
2
LTE
Max number
of layers
1
25
(Mbps)
3000 / 1500
8
4
Yes
26. Release Evolution
Release
March 2000
UMTS 3.84 Mcps (W-CDMA FDD & TDD)
March 2001
1.28 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)
June 2002
HSDPA
Rel-6
March 2005
HSUPA (E-DCH)
Rel-7
Dec 2007
HSPA+ (64QAM DL, MIMO, 16QAM UL). LTE & SAE
Feasibility Study, Edge Evolution
Rel-8
Dec 2008
LTE Work item – OFDMA air interface
SAE Work item – New IP core network
UMTS Femtocells, Dual Carrier HSDPA
Rel-9
Dec 2009
Multi-standard Radio (MSR), Dual Carrier HSUPA,
Dual Band HSDPA, SON, LTE Femtocells (HeNB)
LTE-Advanced feasibility study, MBSFN
Rel-10
March 2011
LTE-Advanced (4G) work item, CoMP Study
Four carrier HSDPA
Rel-11
26
Rel-99
Rel-5
2013
Main feature of Release
Rel-4
1999
Stage 3: Core
specs complete
Sept 2012
CoMP, eDL MIMO, eCA, MIMO OTA, HSUPA TxD &
64QAM MIMO, HSDPA 8C & 4x4 MIMO, MB MSR
Rel-12
March 2013 stage 1
New carrier type, LTE-Direct, Active Antenna Systems
29. Agilent Confidential
Challenges of LTE UE Testing (I)
Many different LTE bands defined
Represent additional test requirements besides the inclusion of both
Frequency Division (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) modes.
29
30. Agilent Confidential
Challenges of LTE UE Testing (II)
OFDM and more bandwidths
The use of multiple subcarriers and the amount of BWs defined
dramatically increases the number of combinations under test.
30
31. Agilent Confidential
Challenges of LTE UE Testing (&
III)
Fading & AWGN simulators are required
Fading simulators and AWGN generators are
required tools for testing robustness due to
multipath reception and noise interference
effects.
Inter-RAT requirements
Testing LTE UEs require exercising other
radio access technologies (RAT) supported,
as well as new inter-RAT tests required by
the addition of LTE.
Testing time
The number of combinations to be tested is
enormous, thus the testing time required to
execute them.
31
32. Agilent Confidential
LTE Rel. 10 CA: 3GPP Status
Carrier Aggregation
Higher data rates
(bps)
Het Nets
Enhanced MIMO
Higher spectral
effiency
(bps/Hz)
Higher spectral
effiency
per coverage area
(bps/Hz/Km2)
32
33. Agilent Confidential
What is CA?
Carrier Aggregation is the first step of LTE
Advanced
Why?
Easily enables 150 Mbps (Category 4) in typical 10 MHz +
10 MHz deployments
How?
Allows aggregation of fragmented
spectrum to create a fatter data pipe
When?
Already being deployed by some
Network Operators worldwide
33
34. Agilent Confidential
What is CA?
Bandwidth extension by aggregating LTE component
carriers (CC)
Up to 5 CC can be allocated in both DL and UL – 100 MHz
aggregated
o Components carriers are backwards compatible with Release 8
terminals
Motivation
o Symmetric or asymmetric DL/UL CA configurations
o Achieve wider bandwidth transmissions (higher peak data rates)
o Facilitate efficient use of fragmented spectrum
o
34
36. Agilent Confidential
Carrier Aggregation – Types
Q3 2012
Q3 2013
58
33
CA Band
Combinations
24
Interband
70+
CA Band
Combinations
9
14
35
Intraband
Interband
FDD
Inter
Intra
Inter-Intra
36
Future
9
Intraband
1 or 2 CC
DL Only DL/UL
1
33
8
2
---
CA Band
Combinations
o UL carrier
aggregation
o TDD + FDD
aggregation
o More spectrum
3 CC
3 CC
TDD
7
0
2
Inter
Intra
1 or 2 CC
DL Only DL/UL
1
0
3
1
37. Agilent Confidential
Carrier Aggregation – Who is driving the
Market? Band combinations defined by RAN4
Example of
Name
Acronym
Carrier Aggregation of Band 1 and Band 21
Carrier Aggregation of Band 1 and Band 19
Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 7
Carrier Aggregation of Band 3 and Band 5
Carrier Aggregation of Band 5 and Band 17
Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 5
Carrier Aggregation of Band 2 and Band 17
Carrier Aggregation of Band 5 and Band 12
Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 17
Intra-band non-contiguous Carrier Aggregation in Band 3
Carrier Aggregation of Band 2 and Band 12
Carrier Aggregation of Band 39 and Band 41
Carrier Aggregation of Band 1 and Band 8
Carrier Aggregation of Band 3 and Band 19
Carrier Aggregation of Band 23 and Band 29
Carrier Aggregation of Band 3 and Band 5 with 2UL
Intra-band non-contiguous Carrier Aggregation in Band 4
LTE_CA_B1_B21
LTE_CA_B1_B19
LTE_CA_B4_B7
LTE_CA_B3_B5
LTE_CA_B5_B17
LTE_CA_B4_B5
LTE_CA_B2_B17
LTE_CA_B5_B12
LTE_CA_B4_B17
LTE_CA_NC_B3
LTE_CA_B2_B12
LTE_CA_B39_B41
LTE_CA_B1_B8
LTE_CA_B3_B19
LTE_CA_B23_B29
LTE_CA_B3_B5_2UL
LTE_CA_NC_B4
Release WI_rapporteur
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-12
Rel-12
Rel-12
Rel-12
Rel-12
Rel-12
Rel-12
Rel-12
NTT DoCoMo
NTT DoCoMo
Rogers Wireless
SK Telecom
AT&T
AT&T
AT&T
US Cellular
AT&T
SK Telecom
US Cellular
China Mobile
Softbank Mobile
NTT DOCOMO
Dish Network
SK Telecom
T-Mobile USA
Deployment in 2013!
37
Mode
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
TDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Intra-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Intra-band
38. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: Certification Status
You are here
Sept-2012
Rel.11 WI
Intra/Inter band
May-2013
NEW Rel.11 WI
LTE CA
Enhancements
Sept-2013
Rel.11 WI
closed
RAN#61
RAN5#59
RAN#57
CAG#35
CAG#34
Q2-2012
RFT103
Introduced
PVG#57
2012
38
May
CA validation
3GPP – RAN
Oct-2013
CA
validation
June
CA WI-162
Val
triggered
April
CA WI
created
June-2014
Rel.11 WI
LTE-CA Enh
closed
GCF
CAG#36
August
PVG#62
PVG#61
2013
Novembe
r
PVG#63
PTCRB
2014
39. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: Certification Status (PTCRB)
PTCRB RFT (RFT-103) for Carrier Aggregation:
o
Date of creation: PVG#57, March 2012
o
First validations: PVG#61, June 2013
o
Rapporteur: Jeff Narducci (Motorola)
o
Scope: To cover certification requirements for devices supporting Rel.10 and Rel. 11
Carrier Aggregation essential requirements.
o
Active Band combinations:
FDD CA_4_4 (non-contiguous)
FDD CA_2_17
FDD CA_5_17
FDD CA_4_7
FDD CA_2_4
FDD CA_4_29
FDD CA_5_29
FDD CA_2_29
FDD CA_2_5
40
FDD CA_4_17
FDD CA_4_5
40. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: Certification Status (GCF)
GCF Work Item (WI-162) for Carrier Aggregation:
o
Date of creation: CAG#34, April 2013
o
First validations: CAG#36, October 2013
o
Rapporteur: Jussi Kuusisto (Nokia Corporation)
o
Scope: Restricted to Carrier Aggregation for LTE (Release 10 and later) test
coverage.
o
Active Band combinations:
TDD CA_40
(CTTL)
FDD CA_1_21 (NTT Docomo)
TDD CA_41
(Clearwire)
FDD CA_3_8 (KT)
FDD CA_1_5 (LGU+)
FDD CA_1_18 (KDDI)
41
FDD CA_1_29 (NTT Docomo)
TDD CA_38
(CTTL)
41. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: 3GPP Status
Most of the CA test cases and procedures defined in Rel-10 for:
INTER-BAND (w/o UL CA) and
INTRA-BAND CONTIGUOUS (with & w/o UL CA)
• RF: 62 test cases
• RRM: 16 test cases
• PCT: 36 test cases
Ongoing! CA TCs in Rel-11 new WI
INTRA-BAND NON-CONTIGUOUS
• RF: 13 test cases
• RRM: TBD
• PCT: 18 test cases
Outlook! New CA TCs expected in Rel-12
INTER-BAND 2 UL
42
43. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: RF Test Cases
TS 36.521-1 Radio transmission and reception
Rel. 10
Chapter 6 – Transmitter Characteristics
Output power
Transmitter in-channel (frequency error, EVM, IQ-offset)
Transmitter out-of-channel (ACLR, OBW, SEM)
Chapter 7 – Receiver Characteristics
Reference sensitivity and maximum input
Blocking and IM (ACS, blocking, intermodulation)
Chapter 8 – Performance Requirements
Single antenna
Open Loop SM 2x2
Closed Loop SM 4x2
Chapter 9 – Reporting of CSI
CQI reporting under AWGN
44
44. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: RF Test Cases
TS 36.521-1 Radio transmission and reception
Rel. 10
Chapter 6 – Transmitter Characteristics
Output power
Transmitter in-channel (frequency error, EVM, IQ-offset)
21
Transmitter out-of-channel (ACLR, OBW, SEM)
Chapter 7 – Receiver Characteristics
Reference sensitivity and maximum input
Blocking and IM (ACS, blocking, intermodulation)
Chapter 8 – Performance Requirements
Single antenna
Open Loop SM 2x2
Closed Loop SM 4x2
Chapter 9 – Reporting of CSI
CQI reporting under AWGN
45
8
4
1
Intra-Band
DL/UL CA
45. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: RF Test Cases
TS 36.521-1 Radio transmission and reception
Rel. 10
Chapter 6 – Transmitter Characteristics
20 TCs
less
Output power
Transmitter in-channel (frequency error, EVM, IQ-offset)
1
Transmitter out-of-channel (ACLR, OBW, SEM)
Chapter 7 – Receiver Characteristics
Reference sensitivity and maximum input
Blocking and IM (ACS, blocking, intermodulation)
Chapter 8 – Performance Requirements
Single antenna
Open Loop SM 2x2
Closed Loop SM 4x2
Chapter 9 – Reporting of CSI
CQI reporting under AWGN
46
8
4
1
Inter-Band
DL CA only
46. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: RF Inter-Band Test Cases
Inter-Band without UL CA Test Cases (14)
Number
Name
Section 6: Transmitter Characteristics
6.2.5A.2
Configured UE transmitted Output Power for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.3A.3
Section 7: Receiver Characteristics
Reference sensitivity level for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.4A.3
Maximum input level for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.5A.3
Adjacent Channel Selectivity (ACS) for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.6.1A.3
In-band blocking for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.6.2A.3
Out-of-band blocking for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.6.3A.3
Narrow band blocking for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.7A.3
Spurious response for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.8.1A.3
Wideband intermodulation for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
Section 8: Performance Requirement
8.2.1.1.1_A.2
FDD PDSCH Single Antenna Port Performance for CA (inter band DL CA)
8.2.1.3.1_A.2
FDD PDSCH Open Loop Spatial Multiplexing 2x2 for CA (inter-band DL CA)
8.2.1.4.2_A.2
FDD PDSCH Closed Loop Multi Layer Spatial Multiplexing 4 x 2 for CA (inter band DL CA)
8.7.1.1_A.2
FDD sustained data rate performance for CA (inter-band DL CA)
Section 9: Performance Requirement
9.6.1.1_A.2
47
FDD CQI Reporting under AWGN conditions – PUCCH 1-0 for CA (inter band DL CA)
47. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: Categorization of requirements
Additional Test Requirements:
o Suffix A: Additional requirements to support Carrier Aggregation
o Suffix B: Additional requirements to support UL-MIMO
o Suffix C: TBD
o Suffix D: Additional requirements to support eDL-MIMO
Examples:
7.3A.1
Reference sensitivity level for CA (intra-band contiguous DL CA and UL CA)
7.3A.2
Reference sensitivity level for CA (intra-band contiguous DL CA without UL CA)
7.3A.3
Reference sensitivity level for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.3A.4
Reference sensitivity level for CA (intra-band non-contiguous DL CA without UL CA)
48
48. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: Testing challenges (I)
• CA testing requires emulating
multiple cells and
combination of bands.
• Analyze multiple Tx/Rx
chains simultaneously in
multiple bands.
• CA performance test setups
are complex (multiple cells,
faders, AWGN generators and
combination circuitry).
• Complex connections with
test systems due to different
UE antenna configurations.
49
49. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: Testing challenges (II)
Test Challenge #1 : Demodulating Inter-Band aggregated
signals require signal analyzer with bandwidth that spans
multiple frequency bands.
Test Challenge #2 : Intermodulation and cross-modulation
within the UE. Need to design front-end components that help
reduce harmonics and other intermodulation products.
Test Challenge #3 : When Inter-Band aggregation and
MIMO spatial multiplexing is combined, test set-ups may
become very complex.
50
50. Agilent Confidential
…to remember…
Carrier aggregation is the first step of LTE
Advanced.
Carrier aggregation is a huge topic in 3GPP.
3GPP Conformance definition is still in progress.
Validation has started. Certification will follow soon...
also in Band 31!
2CC Inter-Band DL (only) is the most demanded CA
flavor today.
Intermodulation and self-blocking is one of the major
RF test challenges.
51
51. Agilent Confidential
Agenda
The “Conformance Ecosystem”
- Concepts, LTE Ecosystem, 3GPP Specs, Validation,
GCF/PTCRB, Certification Database, etc.
LTE-Advanced – 3GPP Status and Certification
overview
- Intro, Carrier Aggregation types, 3GPP CA status, Rel.
11/12., etc.
Beyond Conformance: Carrier Acceptance
Q&A
52
52. LTE Device Acceptance
Based on the work of the “Conformance Ecosystem”
some Network Operators design their own “Acceptance Test Plans”
53
53. Agilent Confidential
Device Acceptance Test Plans
Designed around specific characteristics and conditions of the
wireless network to cover a multitude of scenarios that stress both
network and UEs.
Details of an operator‟s acceptance tests are usually confidential and
differ in specifications tested, measurement limits and
implementation.
Operator‟s technical requirements usually are:
• Regulatory: RF/EMC/Safety tests according to country standards
• Conformance: Tests against specific standards RF/protocol/SIM
• Interoperability: Tests compatibility between devices and devices to
network.
• Functional Tests: Verification of functionalities and features.
• User Experience: Quality tests according to users expectations.
• Reliability: Endurance, extreme tests considering usage and different
54
climatic conditions.
54. Agilent Confidential
Beyond Conformance
Test Set Configuration
with 2 independent LTE
cells.
Covers RF, RRM and
Protocol conformance &
Network Operator Test
Plans
Agilent´s T2010A LTE Test Set
Integrated channel
emulator
and
AWGN generator
Ready for CA Testing
2 CCs, up to MIMO 4x2 each
Combined or independent
TX/RX
3GPP Fading Profiles
+ accuracy as required by 3GPP test standards
+ UL measurements Sensitivity and Receiver Performance
in a One Box solution
Confidential Agilent Technologies
55
