Guylain Barlow – JDSU

1. Guylain Barlow
JDSU Ottawa, Canada
May 2013
100G and Beyond -
A test and measurement perspective

2. Agenda
• Client vs Line Interfaces
• 100G Client Evolution – 2nd Gen rationale
• New Technology Challenges
• Line side Interfaces
• Test challenges - OSNR
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• Test challenges - OSNR
• 400G and Beyond

3. 100 Gb/s Transmission Model for Client and Line Interfaces
Dense WDM
on 50 GHz ITU Grid
CFP
Client Side
OTU 4
100 GE
CFP
Line Side
CFP
Client
Side
O
A
O
A
100 Gb/s DP-QPSK
CFP
CFP
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CFP 100 Gb/s DP-QPSK
(coherent detection, LH)
4 x 25 Gb/s NRZ / Duobinary
(direct detection, metro)
Coarse WDM
4.5
nm
1295.56 1300.05 1304.58 1309.14 nm
Fixed
Modules
Line Cards
Most common transport client:
100GBASE-LR4
4 λ @ 25 Gb/s NRZ
Future:
CFP

4. World-Wide Market for 100 Gb/s Transmission Equipment
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
NumberofUnits
100G Optical Transceiver Units by Form Factor
100G NEM-developed
100GBase-SR10
100GBase-LR4
100G DWDM
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0
100,000
200,000
300,000
CY07CY08CY09CY10CY11CY12CY13CY14CY15CY16
NumberofUnits
Year
Source: Infonetics, April 2012

5. 100G Optics
100G
SR10 MMF
CXP
LR4 SMF
CFP
100GE
Data Centre
Enterprise
100GE
& OTU4
Line Side
OIF MSA
OIF 5 x 7
module
850 nm
10x10 MSA - 10λ
(SMF) CFP
Not an IEEE
standard1550 nm
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850 nm
CFP2
2013 Beta
CFP4
2014/15
CFP2 to replace CFP over time
- Same photonic interface (LR4)
- Electrical bus moving from 10G to 25G
CFP4 high density & lower power - Datacom
Line-side
CFP
ASIC inside
standard1550 nm
Reduce
volume
& cost
QSFP28
TBD
1310 nm
∆λ = 8 nm
∆λ = 4.5 nm

6. 100G SMF Evolution
First Gen CFP is bulky, expensive and power hungry – based on 10G
electric interface
Next Gen CFP2/4 is fully based on 25G technology
• CFP2 less than 50% of CFP footprint and power to support Terabit line cards
• CFP2/4 are simpler than CFP (no gearbox)
• Such cost reductions will enable an acceleration in 100G deployments
Current Focus/ Challenge is integration &
© 2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 6
SMFSpace
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
100G LR4/10
CFP
100G LR4
CFP2
100G LR4
3rd Gen
Current Focus/
challenge is 25G I/O
Challenge is integration &
power density

7. 100G Client Form Factors – Driven by Density
Current state of the art
400 Gb = ~56W
~ 2013/14
800 Gb = ~64W
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~ 2015
3.2Tb = ~160W
~ 2014/15
1.6 Tb = ~80W
Power density & cooling will remain an key issue
Power is for pluggable optics only, total power (line card) will be considerably
higher

8. CFP Detailed Block Diagram – Complexity Revealed!
Photonic integration will allow
higher density/lower power
TOSA/ROSA
10 x 10G I/O
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Gearbox moving to CMOS in 2013
⇒ Lower power/cost
⇒ Smaller form factor
However even with enhanced CFP technology, greater size & power reduction
required
10 x 10G I/O
LR4 Optical Interface
4λ on one SMF

9. CFP2 – Simplicity Drives Down Cost & Power
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Tighter photonic integration
Removal of gearbox reduces electronics complexity
Challenges in thermal density need to be met for future
Direct 1:1 mapping of electrical & optical lanes

10. 10G is the current high-speed I/O for CFP
25G based I/O will become the de-facto I/O speed for many
future technologies
• 100G Ethernet (4 x 25G)
• OTU4
• Infiniband
• 32G Fibre Channel
Electrical I/O Speeds
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• 32G Fibre Channel
25G I/O:
• Can be found on some ASICs, CDRs and FPGAs today
• Could support 1st generation 400G
- 16 x 25G is a wide bus but being considered

11. Optics Test Challenges at 100G
2nd generation 100G will use 25/28G I/O
• Very novel technology (1st generation)
• Physical layer performance reliability will be a key challenge
Users need test solutions which give true insight into the issues of
the physical layer.
• Denser ICs need framed traffic (Ethernet, OTN etc) as buses are wide
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• Physical layer applications MUST be protocol aware
• Crosstalk, skew, frame loss, jitter, synchronization will need
troubleshooting
More test intelligence needed to troubleshoot
• Test innovation with physical layer &
protocol integration

12. Line Side InterfacesLine Side Interfaces

13. 100G Line Side (Modulated) Module Evolution
CFP (32W)
145mm x 76mm
ASIC inside (~20W)
OIF Transponder
5” x 7”
75W
Price
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13
Smaller size, lower power dissipation
CFP2 (12W)
106mm x 40mm
ASIC outside
Price
100G line side support potential
on JDSU ONT Product
2013

14. Evolution DWDM Modulation Formats – Starting at 40-Gb/s
Optical Duobinary / PSBT (1 bit/symbol)
NRZ-DPSK (1 bit/symbol)
Q
I
Trend
Component
Integration
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RZ-DQPSK (2 bits/symbol)
Polarization-Multiplexed QPSK
(4 bits/symbol) (DP-QPSK)
Coherent receiver with high-speed DSP
for electronic PMD and CD compensation
| Pol
|| Pol
Trend
Component
Integration

15. Deployment of DWDM Systems
Performance
3rd Gen
RZ-DQPSK
Direct Detection
4th Generation
DP-QPSK Coherent
Detection
Dual Polarization -
QPSK
40G
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Performance
1st Gen
Duo-Binary
2nd Gen
NRZ-PDPSK
Direct Detection
Timeline
Partial Differential
Phase Shift Keying
Diff. Quad PSK
100G
1st Generation
DP-QPSK Coherent
Detection

16. DWDM Fiber Optics Transmission Beyond 100 Gb/s
100 Gb/s transmission systems will stay around for a long time
Total fiber transmission capacity in DWDM is hitting a ceiling
400 Gb/s transmission will complement 100 Gb/s – not replace it
Optical networks to evolve with flexible wavelength channel grid
100
TotalFiberCapacity[Tb/s]
100 Gb/s 1 Tb/s
Total Capacity in C-Band
(50 GHz or Flex Grid)
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0.1
1
10
1 10 100 1000
Data Rate per Channel [Gb/s]
TotalFiberCapacity[Tb/s]
100 Gb/s
40 Gb/s10 Gb/s
2.5 Gb/s
400 Gb/s
1 Tb/s
(50 GHz or Flex Grid)

17. 60%
80%
100%
120%RelativeTransmissionReach
40 Gb/s NRZ DPSK
100 Gb/s DP QPSK
Decreasing Transmission Reach with Increasing Capacity
On 50-GHz WDM Grid
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0%
20%
40%
0 100 200 300 400
Bit Rate [Gb/s]
RelativeTransmissionReach
200 Gb/s DP 16-QAM
400 Gb/s DP
256-QAM

18. -20
-10
RelativeOpticalPower[dB]
100 Gb/s DP-QPSK Signal
DP-QPSK Test Challenge: In-Band OSNR Measurements
Polarization-”Nulling” method does Not Work with Pol.-Mux. Signals
• Pol “Nulling” is very effective for 40Gb/s non Pol Mux Signals (like DQPSK)
• Use of polarizer does not fully attenuate signal due to pol-muxing
Interpolation method does Not work because of large signal width
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-50
-40
-30
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
RelativeOpticalPower[dB]
Relative Optical Frequency [GHz]
ASE Noise
Signal + Noise Signal + Noise
Polarizer

19. In-Band OSNR Measurements on 100 Gb/s DP QPSK Signals
Intrusive (Out of Service) OSNR Measurements:
• Is the currently available method
• Requires enabling/disabling of laser (non ROADM system)
• Useful only for acceptance tests at time of installation
No commercial In-Band OSNR universally applicable method
so far
• All physical parameters are used for DP-QPSK encoding
- Frequency, amplitude, phase, and state of polarization
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- Frequency, amplitude, phase, and state of polarization
- No independent physical parameter available for noise estimation
• Signals may be distorted by large amounts of CD and PMD
JDSU actively researching a commercial method for I-OSNR
ROADM with OSNR Monitor
DWDM
Transmitters
OSNR Monitor
OSNR
Monitor

20. High-Resolution Spectrum Analysis for Complex Signals
JDSU innovates with coherent detection OSA showing spectral
details
• Spectrum comparison of conventional and high-resolution OSA:
-10
0 10pm resolution OSA
JDSU HR OSA
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1556,6 1556,7 1556,8 1556,9 1557,0 1557,1 1557,2
-50
-40
-30
-20
Power(dB)
Wavelength (nm)

21. What Comes After 400 Gb/s?
Total fiber transmission capacity
in DWDM is hitting a ceiling
1 Tb/s “superchannels” do not
increase capacity significantly
Space-Division Multiplexing (SDM) in Multi-Core / Multi-Mode Fibers
0.1
1
10
100
1 10 100 1000
Data Rate per Channel [Gb/s]
TotalFiberCapacity[Tb/s]
100 Gb/s
400
Gb/s
1
Tb/s
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Space-Division Multiplexing (SDM) in Multi-Core / Multi-Mode Fibers
• Multi-core fibers with 7 to 12 independent cores
• Specially designed multi-mode fibers with few modes
Sumitomo
NTT

22. JDSU – A short 100G Product History
October 2009
• First transport-grade 100GE & OTU4 test set.
Unique (patented) features include Lambda
mapping, dynamic skew & MDIO debug.
• Evolved to comprehensive OTN mapping
including ODUflex
December 2011
• Most compact and comprehensive 100G field
© 2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 22
• Most compact and comprehensive 100G field
solution
• Native support for CFP & QSFP+; 1.5M to
100G testing
September 2012
• ONT CFP2 – worlds first 2nd generation 100G
solution with CFP2
• Revolutionary applications for advanced error
analysis

23. Q & A