1. URINARY SYSTEM DRUGS
Diuretics: maintain balance of water,electrolytes,
acids and bases for the body
Thiazide diuretics:
moa---promote sodium and water excretion in the urine, yields
lower sodium in blood and reduces vasoconstriction.
works at distal convoluted tubule.
indications: hypertension/congestive heart failure
adverse reaction------hypokalemia, hypomagmesiumia,
hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia
consider-----take potassium supplements, bananas/oranges
example-Hydrochlorothiazide aka (HCTZ)

2. URINARY SYSTEM DRUGS
Loop diuretics
moa--inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride in ascending
loop of henle an distal renal tubule, yields urinary excretion
of water
indications---hypertension, hypercalcemia,pulmunary edema
adverse reactions---magnesium, calcium, potasium, depletion
Consider-----avoid diueretics at night or may give nocturia
examples---furosemide
ethacrynic acid
bumetanide
torsemide

3. URINARY SYSTEM DRUGS
Potassium-sparing diuretics
moa----do not promote the secretion of
potassium into the urine at collecting tubule
indications---treatment of hypertension and management
of congestive heart failure.
adverse reactions---hyperkalemia, arrythemia,
gynecomastia in males
consider---avoid with ACE inhibitors since it also yields
decrease renal excretion of potassium.
examples--spironolactone, triamterene,amiloride

4. Combined Diuretics
• Diuretics are effective antihypertensive drugs.
Each works by affecting a different part of
your kidneys.
• Side effects---hyperkalemia, maxide yields
blue-green urine
• Consider---Avoid use with ACE inhibitor
• Examples—
• Ziac= bisoprolol/HCTZ
• Maxide table (also dyazide capsule)=
triamterene+HCTZ

5. Alpha blockers for Prostate
• BHP-benign prostate hypertrophy
• Alpha 1 receptors are located on the postsynaptic
membrane of effector organs.
Activation of alpha 1 receptors increases vascular
smooth muscle contraction, producing increases in
blood presure. These receptors also influence activity
of genitourinary smooth muscle.
• Alpha 1A receptors are located at the external
sphincter of the bladder. Blockade of alpha 1A
receptors decreases tone in the smooth muscle of
the bladder neck and prostate, thus improving urinary
flow.

6. Alpha blockers for Prostate
• Alpha1 receptors response to epi and norepi
to give smooth muscle contraction.
• Reactions---headache, dizziness, orthostatic
hypotension
•
•
•
•
•
Examples—uroxatral/alfozin
Cardura/doxazosin
Proscar/finateride
Flomax/tamsulosin
Hytrin/terazosin

7. Alpha blockers for Prostate
• Alpha1 receptors response to epi and norepi
to give smooth muscle contraction.
• Reactions---headache, dizziness, orthostatic
hypotension
•
•
•
•
•
Examples—uroxatral/alfozin
Cardura/doxazosin
Proscar/finateride
Flomax/tamsulosin
Hytrin/terazosin