This is a lesson from Social Dimensions of Education

1. Social Institutions

2. Social Institution
-is a group of social positions,
connected by social relations,
performing a social role.
Example:
Universities, Governments, Families.

3. Characteristics & Functions of an
institution
1. Institutions are purposive.
2. They are relatively permanent in their
content.
3. Institutions are structured.
4. Institutions are a unified structure.
5. Institutions are necessarily value-
laden.

4. Functions:
1. Institutions simplify social behavior for
the individual person.
2. Institutions provide ready-made forms of
social relations and social roles for the
individual.
3. Institutions also act as agencies of
coordination and stability for the total
culture.
4. Institutions tend to control behavior

5. Major Social Institutions:
1. The family
is the smallest social institution with
the unique function or producing and
rearing the young.

6. Characteristics of the Filipino
Family:
 closely knit and has strong family ties.
 Has a strong loyalty among members
 Filipino Family is usually an extended
one and big.
 Filipino family, kinship ties are
extended to include the compadre or
sponsors.

7. Functions of the family:
1. Reproduction of the race and rearing of
the young
2. Cultural transmission or enculturation
3. Socialization of the child
4. Provide affection and a sense of security
5. Providing the environment for
personality development and the growth
of self-concept in relation to others
6. Providing social status

8. According to Membership
Conjugal or
Nuclear Family
Husband, wife and
children
Extended family
(Consanguine)
married couple, their
parents, siblings,
grandparents, uncles,
aunts and cousins.

9. According to Marriage
Monogamy
-is a form of relationship in which an
individual has only one partner during his or
her lifetime
Polygamy
-involves marriage with more than one
spouse.

10. Polyandry one woman is married
to two or more men at
the same time.
Polygamy one man is married to
two or more women at
the same time.
Cenogamy two or more men mate
with two or more women
in group marriage

11. According to line of Descent
Patrilineal descent is recognized
through the father’s
line.
Matrilineal descent is recognized
through the mother’s line.
Bilineal descent is recognized
through both the father’s
and mother’s line.

12. According to residence:
Patrilocal newly married couple
lives with the parents of
the husband.
Matrilocal newly married couple
lives with the parents of
the wife
Neolocal newly married couple
maintains a separate
household and live by
themselves.

13. According to Authority
Patriarchal father is considered the
head and plays a
dominant role.
Matriarchal the mother is the head
and makes the major
decisions
Equalitarian both father and mother
share in making decisions
and are equal in authority.

14. 2. EDUCATION
Education
is the process of facilitating
learning, or the acquisition of
knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and
habits.

15. Functions of the Schools:
 mcNergney and Herbert (2001) described
the school as first and foremost a social
institution that is in an established
organization having an identifiable
structure and a set of functions meant to
preserve and extend social order.
 The school is a place for the
contemplation of reality and the task of
the teacher is to show this reality to the
students.

16. Intellectual purposes of schooling includes:
 To teach basic cognitive skills such as reading,
writing and mathematics
 To transmit specific knowledge
 To help students acquire HOTS such as
analysis, evaluation and synthesis.
Political purposes:
 To inculcate allegiance to the existing political
order (patriotism)
 To prepare citizen who will participate in the
political order
 To help assimilate diverse cultural groups into
a common political order

17.  To teach children the basic laws of society
Social purposes:
 To socialize children into the various roles,
behaviors, and values of the society.
By sociologist, this process is called as
socialization which is the key ingredient in the
stability of any society.

18. Economic purposes:
 To prepare students for their later
occupational roles
 To select, train and allocate individuals into
the division of labor.

19.  Technical/economic functions refers to the
contributions of schools to the technical or
economic development and needs of the
individual, the constitutions, the local
community, the society, and the
international community.
Individual level- school can help
students to acquire knowledge and skills
necessary to survive and compete in a modern
society or competitive economy and provide
staff job training and opportunity.

20. Institutional level- schools are service
organization providing quality service, also
they serve as a life place or work place of
society fro clients, employers and all those
concerned.
community & society levels- schools
serve the economic or instrumental needs of
the local community, supply quality labor
forces to the economic system, modify or
shape economic behaviors or students.

21. International level- school education supplies
the high quality forces necessary in international
competitions, economic cooperation, earth protection
and technology and information exchange.
 Human/social function refer to the contribution of
schools to human development.
◦ Individual level- schools help develop students
to develop themselves psychologically, socially
and physically and help them develop their
potential as fully as possible.

22. Institutional level- school is a social
entity or social system composed of different
human relationships.
community & society level- according
to the perspective of functionalism, schools
serve the social needs or functions of the local
community, support social integration of
multiple and diverse constituencies of society.

23.  Political functions refers to the contribution of
schools to the political development at
different levels of society.
◦ Individual levels- schools help students to develop
positive civic attitudes and skills to exercise the
rights and responsibilities of citizenship.
◦ International level- school act as a place for
systematically socializing students into a set of
political norms, values and beliefs.
◦ Community & society level- schools play an
important role to serve the political needs of the
local community, maintains the stability of the
political structure , promote awareness and
movement of democracy.

24. Manifest function of education are defined as
the open and intended goals or consequences
of activities within an organization or
institutions.
Types:
1. Socialization- School teach students the
student role. Specific academic subjects,
and political socialization.
2. Social control- schools are responsible for
teaching values such as discipline, respect,
obedience, punctuality, and perseverance.

25. 3. Social placement- schools are responsible for
identifying the most qualified people to fill
available positions in society.
4. Transmitting culture- through schooling,
each generation of young people is exposed to
the existing beliefs, norms and values of our
culture.
5. Promoting social & political integration-
education serves the latent function of promoting
political and social integration by transforming
its population composed of diverse ethnic and
religious groups into a society.

26. 6. Agent of change- education can stimulate
or bring about desired social change.
Latent Functions:
1. Restricting some activities
2. Matchmaking & production of social
networks
3. Creation of generation gap

27. Function of schools as stated by Calderon
(1998):
1. Conservation function- the school
conserves and preserves through its
libraries and other devices recorded
accumulated experiences of the past
generations such as knowledge, inventions,
mathematics, science, historical facts.
2. Instructional function- the main concern
of the school is to pass on the accumulated
experiences of the past generations to the
incoming generations

28. 3. Research function- the school conducts
research to improve the old ways of doing
things or to discover hitherto unknown facts
or systems to improve the quality of human
life.
4. Social service function-

29. 3. RELIGIONS
-is how human beings express their
feelings about such ultimate concerns as
sickness or death.
-it is also defined in terms of its social
function. It is a system of beliefs and rituals
that serves to bind people together through
shared worship, thereby creating a social
group.

30. -is a set of beliefs an practices that
pertains to a sacred or supernatural realm that
guides human behavior and gives meaning to
life among a community of believers.
Characteristics of Religion:
1. Belief in deity or in a power beyond the
individual
2. A doctrine (accepted teaching) of salvation

31. 3. A code of conduct
4. The use of sacred stories
5. Religious rituals (acts & ceremonies)
Belief in a deity-
 Atheist- believes that there is no deity
 Theist- believes in a deity or deities
 Agnostics- says that the existence of a
deity cannot be proved or disproved.

32. A doctrine of salvation:
Major religions:
 Christinity
 Islam
 Buddhism
 Hinduism
-they stress that salvation is the highest goal
of the faithful and one that all followers
should try to achieve.

33. A code of conduct:
-this is a set of moral teachings and
values that all religions have in some form.
Religious rituals-
includes the acts and ceremonies by
which believers appeal to and serve God,
deities, or other sacred power.
-the performance of a ritual is often
called a service.

34. Functions of religion:
1. Religion serves as a means of social control
2. It exerts a great influence upon personality
development
3. Religion allays fear of the unknown
4. Religion explains events or situations which are
beyond the comprehension of man
5. It gives man comfort, strength and hope in times of
crisis and despair
6. It preserves and transmit knowledge, skills, spiritual
and cultural values and practices
7. It serves as an instrument of change
8. It promotes closeness, love, cooperation, friendliness
and helpfulness.
9. Religion alleviates sufferings from major calamities.
10. It provides hope for a blissful life after death.

35. The difference among churches,
sects and cults:
Church tends to be large, with inclusive
membership, in low tension with surrounding
society. It tends toward greater intellectual
examination and interpretation of the tenants
of religions.
Sect has a small, exclusive membership, high
tension with society. It tends toward the
emotional, mystic, stress faith, feeling,
conversion experience, to be “born again”.

36. Cults referred to by Stark and Bainbridge as the
more innovative institutions and are formed
when people create new religious beliefs and
practices.
ELEMENTS OF RELIGION:
1. Sacred refers to phenomena that are
regarded as extraordinary, transcendent, and
outside the everyday course of events—that
is, supernatural.
-it is represented by a wide variety of symbols,
which may include a god or set of gods, a holy
person.
Profane- refers to all phenomena that are not sacred

37. 2. Legitimation of norms- religious
sanctions and beliefs reinforce the legitimacy
of many rules and norms in the community.
3. Rituals- are formal patterns of activity that
express symbolically a set of shared
meanings, in the case of rituals such as
baptism or communion, the shared meanings
are sacred.
4. Religious Community- religion establishes
a code of behavior for the members, who
belong and who does not.

38. 4. Economic Institutions
Microeconomics vs. Macroeconomics
Microeconomics is concerned with the
specific economics units of parts that makes
an economic system and the relationship
between those parts.
Macroeconomics is concerned with the
economy as a whole, or large segments of it.

39. 3 basic economic problems
1st - what goods and service to produce and
how much
2nd – how to produce goods and service
3rd – for whom are the goods and services.

40. 5. Government As A Social
Institution
Government- the institution that resolves
conflicts that are public in nature and involve
more than a few people .
-supreme court of the Philippines
defines government as “that institution by
which an independent society makes and
carries out those rules of action which are
necessary to enable men to live in a social
state.

41. Branches of government:
Executive branch proposes & enforces
rules
Legislative branch makes rules and laws
Judicial branch adjudicates rules and
laws.

42. Administration- refers to the aggregate of
persons in whose hands the reigns of government
are for the time being.
Functions of government:
1.The constituents function contribute to the
very bonds of society and are therefore
compulsory.
2. Ministrant functions are those undertaken to
advance the general interest of society such as
public works, public charity and regulation of
trade and industry.