Art of High renaissance to Neoclassicism

1. FROM HIGH RENAISSANCE TO
NEOCLASSICISM
Asst. Prof. Crisencio M. Paner

2. HIGH RENAISSANCE
❖The artistic style of the first half of the 16th century
in western Europe especially as manifested in
Rome and Florence and characterized by heroic
centralized composition, technical mastery of
drawing and conception, and a mature humanistic
content.
❖High Renaissance art, which flourished for about
35 years, from the early 1490s to 1527, when
Rome was sacked by imperial troops, revolved
around three towering figures: Leonardo da Vinci
(1452–1519), Michelangelo (1475–1564), and
Raphael (1483–1520).
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo
Raphael

3. HIGH RENAISSANCE
❖Raphael was skilled in creating perspective and in the delicate use of color.
Michelangelo
School of Athens

4. HIGH RENAISSANCE
❖Michelangelo excelled as a painter, architect, and
sculptor and demonstrated a mastery of portraying the
human figure.
❖His frescoes rank among the greatest works of
Renaissance art.
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo

5. HIGH RENAISSANCE
❖Although other architects were involved, Michelangelo is given credit for designing St. Peter's Basilica.
❖Michelangelo's chief contribution was the use of a symmetrical plan of a Greek Cross form and an
external masonry of massive proportions, with every corner filled in by a stairwell or small vestry.
Michelangelo

6. HIGH RENAISSANCE
❖Leonardo da Vinci painted two of the most well known
works of Renaissance art: The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa.
❖Leonardo da Vinci was a generation older than
Michelangelo and Raphael, yet his work is stylistically
consistent with the High Renaissance.
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo

7. MANNERISM
❖Mannerism is an artistic style that emerged
from the later years of the 16th century and
lasted as a popular aesthetic style in Italy
until about 1580, when the Baroque began
to replace it (although Northern Mannerism
continued into the early 17th century
throughout much of Europe).
❖Michelangelo's later works, such as The
Last Judgment on the altar wall of the
Sistine Chapel , and the Laurentian Library,
are considered to be Mannerist style by
some art historians.

8. MANNERISM
❖ Stylistically, Mannerism encompasses a variety of
approaches influenced by, and reacting to, the
harmonious ideals associated with artists such
as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Vasari, and
early Michelangelo.
❖Where High Renaissance art emphasizes proportion,
balance, and ideal beauty, Mannerism exaggerates
such qualities, often resulting in compositions that are
asymmetrical or unnaturally elegant.
❖Notable for its artificial (as opposed to naturalistic)
qualities,this artistic style privileges compositional
tension and instability rather than the balance and
clarity of earlier Renaissance painting.
In Parmigianino's Madonna with the Long Neck (1534–1540),
Mannerism makes itself known by elongated proportions, highly
stylized poses, and lack of clear perspective.

18. BAROQUE
❖ The Baroque is
a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and
other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until
the 1740s.
❖ The style began in Rome, then spread rapidly to France, northern
Italy, Spain, and Portugal, then to Austria, southern Germany, and
Russia.
❖ It followed Renaissance art and Mannerism and preceded
the Rococo (in the past often referred to as "late Baroque")
and Neoclassical styles.
❖ It was encouraged by the Catholic Church as a means to counter the
simplicity and austerity of Protestant architecture, art, and music,
though Lutheran Baroque art developed in parts of Europe as well.
❖ The Baroque style used contrast, movement, exuberant detail, deep
color, grandeur, and surprise to achieve a sense of awe.
Venus and Adonis by Peter Paul Rubens
(1635–40)

19. BAROQUE
❖In the decorative arts, the style
employs plentiful and intricate
ornamentation.
❖New motifs introduced by Baroque
are: the cartouche, trophies and
weapons, baskets of fruit or flowers,
and others, made
in marquetry, stucco, or carved.
The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Bernini (1651)

20. ROCOCO
❖ The Rococo movement was an artistic period that emerged in France and spread throughout the
world in the late 17th and early 18th century.
❖ The word is a derivative of the French term rocaille, which means “rock and shell garden
ornamentation”.
❖ During this period, artists emphasized ornamentation, vivid colors, and attention to detail.

21. ROCOCO
❖Curving forms were a prominent
feature of Rococo design, with
swirling scrolls and curvy furniture.
❖Counter-curves and undulations
mirrored natural forms, like plants
and seashells.
❖Curvacious designs incorporated
serpentine lines or sinuous lines that
curved in different directions, much
like plant vines.
Three ornamental motifs in Rococo style, 1889; Jules Lachaise,
CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

22. FRENCH ROCOCO
❖Rococo flourished in France between
1723 and 1759.
❖French Rococo design was most
prominent in salons.
❖The salon was a new style of room
that was designed to entertain and
impress guests.
❖At the Parisian Hotel de Soubise, the
Princess salon is a perfect example of
Rococo salons. Interior of the salon de la princesse, in the Hôtel de Soubise,
Paris; NonOmnisMoriar, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

23. ITALIAN ROCOCO
❖Venice was the epicenter of Italian Rococo.
❖Many Venetian pieces were painted with
flowers, landscapes, or scenes from famous
painters. Chinoiserie, or the European imitation of
Chinese and other East Asian artistic traditions,
was also popular in Italian Rococo.
❖Giovanni Battista Tiepolo was a notable
decorative painter from the Italian Rococo period.
❖Tiepolo painted ceilings and murals of palazzos
and churches.
❖During the 1750s, Tiepolo traveled to Germany
with his son, and they decorated the Wurzburg
Residence ceilings
Tiepolo’s ceiling fresco at the Wurzburg Residence

24. GERMAN ROCOCO
❖It was in Southern Germany and Austria that the Rococo style reached
its peak.
❖The published works of French architects and designers introduced
the Rococo style to Germany, and it went on to dominate German art
and design between the 1730s and the 1770s.
❖The Rococo style of architecture was adopted by German architects
who loaded it with even more ornate decoration and made it far more
asymmetric.
❖The Rococo decorative style still dominates German churches today.
❖Architects built curves and counter-curves out of molding, creating
patterns that twisted and turned and walls and ceilings without right
angles.
❖A particularly popular motif was stucco foliage that appeared to creep
up the walls and across the ceiling.
❖ This ornate decoration was often silvered or gilded, creating a
stunning contrast with the pale pastel or white walls.
Amalienburg, hunting lodge of Nymphenburg, near
Munich; designed by François de Cuvilliés the Elder.

25. NEO-CLASSICISM
❖Neoclassicism (also spelled Neo-classicism)
was a Western cultural movement in
the decorative and visual
arts, literature, theatre, music,
and architecture that drew inspiration from the
art and culture of classical antiquity.
❖Neoclassicism was born in Rome.
❖The main Neoclassical movement coincided
with the 18th-century Age of Enlightenment, and
continued into the early 19th century, laterally
competing with Romanticism.
❖In architecture, the style continued throughout
the 19th, 20th and up to the 21st century.
Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss; by Antonio Canova;
1787; marble; 155 cm × 168 cm; Louvre

26. NEO-CLASSICISM
❖Neoclassical painting is characterized by the use of
straight lines, a smooth paint surface, the depiction of light,
a minimal use of color, and the clear, crisp definition of
forms.
❖The term "Neoclassical" was not invented until the mid-
19th century, and at the time the style was described by
such terms as "the true style", "reformed" and "revival";
what was regarded as being revived varying considerably.
❖Ancient models were certainly very much involved, but
the style could also be regarded as a revival of the
Renaissance, and especially in France as a return to the
more austere and noble Baroque of the age of Louis XIV,
for which a considerable nostalgia had developed as
France's dominant military and political position started a
serious decline.
Oath of the Horatii; by Jacques-Louis David; 1784;
oil on canvas; 3.3 x 4.27 m; Louvre

27. Venus Victrix; by Antonio Canova; 1804–1808; marble; length:
200 cm; Galleria Borghese (Rome)
“At sa lahat ng mga iskultura dito, napansin kong madalas na pinagkukumpulan ng mga tao ay ang isang
iskultura ni Canova. Ito ay iyong istatwa ni "Paolina Borghese" na nakahubad at nakahiga sa isang kama. Si
Paolina Borghese ay kapatid na babae ni Napoleon Bonaparte na nakapag-asawa ng isang Italianong mula sa
angkan ng mga Borghese.”
-Italya: Sa Mata ng Isang Maykapansanan

28. VIDEOS
High Renaissance
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42Nh2_8OZDg&list=RDLVzSAabnzWWiU&index=9
Art of the High Renaissance II Art History Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHrjwk6Mf1A
AP Art History - High Renaissance
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5qZLINgKz8
Art History: The High Renaissance
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Toe5ol5caew
Documentary Renaissance HD - The High Renaissance
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjhnumqvOiQ
Mannerism - Overview from Phil Hansen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6TvfyL9vHc
Art of the High Renaissance and Mannerism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PY11R_zfiY4
The Late Renaissance and Mannerism // Art History Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ev3-KRUh0YA

29. VIDEOS
Mannerism (Late Renaissance Art)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1kZNKmtl4k
Mannerism | Art History | Otis College of Art and Design
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ombPQ6egLE8
Baroque - Overview - Goodbye-Art Academy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUOMENNS0EI
Differences between Renaissance and Baroque Art
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1p801Dbo5E
The Birth of Baroque (Waldemar Januszczak Documentary) | Perspective
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5z2yUX5xiq0&t=2s
AP Art History - Baroque Art and Architecture (Part 1)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAUfxFkWm_0
AP Art History: Baroque Art and Architecture (Part 2)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fnYA7gLi5Po

30. VIDEOS
Rococo: The Flamboyant Late Baroque Period (Waldemar Januszczak
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1UA_YvKqnc&t=1s
Rococo: The "Crude" Art Of Pleasure (Waldemar Januszczak Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZLblyYnrk0&t=1s
History of Rococo Art - Characteristics of Rococo Art
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLE7WKiJjxM
Rococo Art Movement and Analysis of The Swing by Fragonard
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYLvtxrhKJo
Stucco: The Rococo's Secret Ingredient - Part 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8_dwEbF-NiI
Stucco: The Rococo's Secret Ingredient - Part 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sROL5jpp-EI
Neoclassicism - Overview from Phil Hansen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aR86ja-RcSA
Neoclassical Art Period | Overview and Art Characteristics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZpsakljOAQ
The Differences between Baroque and Neoclassical Art || Art History Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJTI9exkDlw
Common Characteristics and Trends of Neoclassical Art
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQDIMqdEp40
AP Art History: Rococo and Neoclassicism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=psLcdjaVM_w
18th C Neoclassical Art cc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScI6ABWK4qw
Neo-Classicism | Art History | Otis College of Art and Design
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1IaMgha9fk