Abruptio placenta, or placental abruption, occurs when the placenta separates from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, trauma, cocaine use, preeclampsia, and preterm premature rupture of membranes. Symptoms often include vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical findings and ultrasound can help exclude other conditions. Management involves monitoring the mother and fetus closely, treating hemorrhagic shock, and often requires early delivery of the baby and placenta. Recurrence risks are estimated between 5.5-16.6% for subsequent pregnancies.

1. Placenta Abruption Donna Adelsperger RN, M. Ed.