The green grid kathrin winkler

1. Power Usage Effectiveness
(PUE) Status & Directions
Kathrin Winkler
Director, The Green Grid
VP, EMC Corporation

2. About The Green Grid
• A not-for-profit global consortium focused on driving
energy efficiency in the computing ecosystem
• Developing meaningful and user-centric metrics to
help IT and Facilities better manage their computing
resources
• Developing and promoting standards, measurement
methods, best practices and technologies that
support these metrics
2
2 Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid

3. Why Create Metrics?
Awareness Benchmarking Consistency
• “If you can’t • Continuous • Common
measure it, you improvement of Vocabulary
can’t improve it” operations
• Industry &
• Finding the hot • Comparing across Government
spots the industry Collaboration
• Improvement • Better Efficiency
over time/
generation to
generation
• Validate claims
3
3 Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid

4. Impact of IT Power Consumption
Computer Room Air
Conditioner power
Server, network and storage consumption
power consumption
23% - 54%
38% - 63%
Battery Backup power
consumption
6% - 13%
Lighting power
consumption
1% - 2%
Server Power Consumption Impacts Power
throughout the Datacenter
4 Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid

5. Data Center Power Efficiency Metrics:
PUE and DCiE
Total Facility Power
PUE = Power Usage Effectiveness =
IT Equipment Power
Data Center 1 IT Equipment Power
DCiE = = =
Infrastructure Efficiency PUE Total Facility Power
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6. PUE Refined
Total Facility Power or Energy
PUE =
IT Equipment Power or Energy
Point of
Measurement
Frequency of
Measurement
Duration of
Measurement
6 Copyright © 2010, The Green (DCiE) Detailed Analysis (white paper #14) 60
Sources: The Green Grid Metrics: Data Center Infrastructure EfficiencyGrid
Usage and Public Reporting Guidelines for The Green Grid's Infrastructure Metrics PUE/DCiE (white paper #22)

7. PUE clarifications
• PUEs of < 1.0 and DCiEs of > 1.0 are *not* allowed
• These elements are always ≥ 0
– Power consumed by IT equipment
– Power lost in distribution
– Power consumed by cooling equipment
• PUE measures use within the data center, and does
not include
– Re-use of waste heat
– Distributed power generation
7 Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid

8. PUE Nomenclature
Official PUE reports provide these information
with subscripts appended to the metric
PUEx,y or DCiEx,y
x = Precision level of measurement (L1, L2, L3)
y = Timeframe and collection frequency:
D = Daily
W = Weekly
M = Monthly
Y = Yearly
C = Continuously
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9. Reporting Precision
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(Basic) (Intermediate) (Advanced)
Server, Storage
IT Equipment Power
UPS PDU device, Router,
Measurement From…
etc.
Data Center
input less
Data Center
Total Facility Power Data Center shared HVAC
input less
Measurement From… input power plus building
shared HVAC
lighting,
security, etc.
Minimum Monthly/
Daily Continuous
Measurement Interval Weekly
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10. Example Reported Results
Single DCiE measurement (0.45) taken using a Level 1 meter
0.45 DCiEL1,-- placement
Yearly average DCiE (0.51), using data points gathered monthly
0.51 DCiEL1,YM with a Level 1 meter placement
Monthly average PUE (1.6) using data points gathered weekly with
1.6 PUEL1,MW a Level 1 meter placement
Weekly average DCiE (0.43), using data points gathered daily with a
0.43DCiEL1,WD Level 1 meter placement
Weekly average PUE using data points gathered continuously with
1.8 PUEL2,WC a Level 2 meter placement.
Yearly average PUE (2.1) using continuous measurements with a
2.1 PUEL3,YC Level 3 meter placement.
10 Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid

11. Classes of Measurement
ResultsClass Description Benefit to Reporting Organization
Unrecognized A publicly reported result with no
claims of following TGG’s guidelines.
TGG will not comment on unrecognized
results.
Reported A publicly reported result by the Reporting organization can
reporting organization claiming they use standard materials from
followed TGG’s measurement The Green Grid to explain
recommendations and nomenclature process and results to
guidelines. TGG will not comment on audience.
Reported results.
Registered A publicly reported result, with key Official registration of
report contextual data provided to TGG reported result. Receipt of a
by the reporting organization to TGG’s registration number from TGG.
data center performance database. Link to public report data from
TGG’s website.
Certified A publicly reported result, with key All benefits applicable to
additional data required for third-party registered results, plus,
validation or certification of results, consideration of reported
provided to TGG by the reporting results in future TGG award or
organization. recognition programs.
11 Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid

12. Putting Metrics into Global Action
• PUE Reporting Tool
• PUE Estimator Tool
• Power Configuration Efficiency Tool
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13. PUE Scalability Metric
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14. Partial PUE Definition
• PUE = Total Facility Power divided by the
IT Equipment Power
• This takes into account power use within a
facility
• Partial PUE is for power use within a
boundary
• So:
pPUE = Total Power within a boundary divided
by the IT Equipment Power within that
boundary
14 Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid

15. pPUE Example
121 kW Transformer Container
6 kW
115 kW UPS 5 kW
100 kW
95 kW
IT Equipment
15 kW
Chiller 30 tons
Cooling
• PUE = 121/95 = 1.27
• pPUE of Container = 100/95 = 1.05
15 Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
15

16. Energy Reuse Factor
rejected
Non-DC
space
H
Cool
G Absorp
Chiller
A E
I
Utility
F
ICT
B
UPS C PDU
D
Data Center
A+B A + B- F Boundary
PUE = ERF=
D D
Both PUE & ERF valid metrics
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17. TGG Metrics
How efficient is my facility in Total Facility Power
delivering power to IT PUE = IT Equipment Power
equipment?
What % of facility power is IT Equipment Power
delivered to my IT DCiE = Total Facility Power x 100%
equipment?
How Much Work Can My IT Useful Work
Equipment Do, In My Facility? DCP= Total Facility Power
Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid

18. Data Center Energy Productivity
• Data Center Energy Productivity (DCeP)
• First attempt to define useful work metric
• Very comprehensive, very accurate
• However, difficult to measure
• Some terms require user interpretation
– eg., Ui(t,T) is the utility (value) of a transaction
– Subjective, could be different for each organization
18 Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid

19. Alternative Proposal - Proxies
• Proxies indicate how much work is being
done without measuring work directly
Should be highly correlated to useful work
Should be easier, cheaper, faster to collect
• Proxies are often used where complex
measures would be impractical
eg., EPA Miles Per Gallon,
marketing focus group,
Dow Jones Industrial Average,
or CNN Audience Reaction Meter
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20. Proxy Proposals
1. DCeP-based Proxies
• Simplified DCeP
• Productivity Link
• Sample workload
2. Bits per kWH
3. CPU-based proxies
• SPECint_rate
• SPECpower
• CUPS
4. OS images per Watt
20 Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid

21. Proxy Shortcomings
In general, the proxy proposals:
• Aren’t meant for comparison between data centers
Useful for tracking progress within a data center over time
No guidelines for use and reporting, so wide variation
possible
• Don’t address all data center devices equally
Proposals tend to be server-centric
Storage, networking, telephony, appliances, co-processors,
etc
• Don’t consider the value of stored data
• Don’t account for interaction between devices
21 Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid

22. Where to Next?
• Proxies
• Currently testing IT Productivity Proxies with the US
National Labs
• Using instrumented applications as a control
• Starting with the Intel Energy Checker SDK as a basis for
instrumenting applications within the Data Center Design
Guide effort
• Sharing results with other organizations globally
22 Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid

23. Metric Harmonization
Efforts
• Global Metric Harmonization
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)
Green IT Promotional Council (GIPC)
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The European Union (EU)
The Green Grid (TGG)
• US Industry Consensus Session
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Department of Energy (DOE)
7x24 Exchange
American Socienty of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE)
Silicon Valley Leadership Group (SVLG)
The Green Grid (TGG)
Uptime Institute
United States Green Building Council (USGBC)
23 Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid

24. Possible New PUE Variations
• M&M WG has an approved AR to review
and identify if we will proceed with any
further possible variations of PUE
• PUE Estimated
• PUE Calculated
• Design PUE
• Design Day PUE
• Virtual PUE
• ….
24 Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid

25. PUE Related Information
Material Papers:
• Current White
1. Describing Data Center Power Efficiency
2. PUE and DCiE Efficiency Metrics
3. DCiE Detailed Analysis
4. PUE Scalability
5. Usage and Public Reporting Guidelines
• Future Possible White Papers:
1. DCiE Detailed Analysis II
2. Partial PUE
3. Energy Re-use Factor & Re-use Energy Ratio
4. Possible new variations of PUE
25 Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid

26. For More Information
• www.thegreengrid.org
for whitepapers, training,
and content
• For membership, please contact us:
+1 503-619-0653 or
admin@lists.thegreengrid.org
Thank you to our members for your
continued dedication and involvement in
ICT energy efficiency efforts!
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27. Thank you!
For more information please go to
www.thegreengrid.org
Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid