Table tennis

Table Tennis
• An indoor adaptation of the game of lawn
tennis, played on a table sized court, with a
small, very light, hollow celluloid ball and
small wooden rackets or paddles. It is also
called “ping-pong”, “wiff waff”, and
“gossima”.
• A game resembling tennis played on a top
with wooden paddles and a small hollow
plastic ball.

Table Tennis History
 Originated in England, Hungary and Czechoslovakia and
later became popular in the United States.
 19th Century Table tennis became popular in England
and the United States.
 20th Century the became sensationally popular and
commercial interest in England and the United States
popularized it under the trade name “ Pingpong”.

Table Tennis History
1890 – “Pingpong” was the original name
of Table tennis.
1926 – (ITTF) International Table Tennis
Federation was established in Berlin
1933 – United States Table Tennis
Association was established
1928 – Sponge rackets were being
developed by John Jacques and
Company.
1950’s – The introduction of a new stroke.

Table Tennis
Characteristics:
Team members – Single or Doubles
Mixed gender – Men and Women
Categorization _ Racket sports or
indoor/outdoor
games

Facilities and Equipment
The Table

Facilities and Equipment
The Table
The upper surface of the table, known as the
playing surface, shall be rectangular 9
feet(2.74m) in length and 5 feet(1.52m) in
with. The playing surface shall be in a
horizontal plane 2 ft. 6 inches(76cm.) above
the floor.

Facilities and Equipment
The Table
 Shall be in surface rectangular, 2.74m. In length and
1,52m in with; it shall be supported so that it upper
surface termed the surface, shall lie in a horizontal
plane 760mm. Above the floor.
 The playing surface shall be dark-colored, preferably
dark green and matt, with a white line of 20mm. Broad
along each edge.
 The lines at the 1.525m, shall be termed as side lines.

Facilities and Equipment
The Table
For Doubles, the playing surface shall be
termed center line, divided into halves by a
white line 3mm, broad, running parallel to the
side lines. The center line may, for
convenience, be permanently marked in full
length on the table and this in no way
invalidates the table for singles play.

Facilities and Equipment
The Net

Facilities and Equipment
The Net
 Shall be suspended by a cord attached at each end to
an upright post 15.25cm high, the outside limits of the
post being 15.25cm outside the side line.
 The top of the net along its whole length shall be
15.25cm above the playing surface and the bottom of
the net shall be as close as possible to the playing
surface along its whole length and the ends of the net
shall be as close as possible to the supporting posts.

Facilities and Equipment

Facilities and Equipment

Facilities and Equipment
The Ball
 Shall be spherical, with a diameter of 38mm. It shall be
made of celluloid or similar plastic, white, yellow, and
orange. It weights 2.5 grams.
The Racket
 May be any size, shape or weight. Its blade shall be flat
and rigid. At least 85% of the blade by thickness shall be
of natural wood. An adhesive layer, within the blade may
be reinforced with fibrous material such as carbon fiber,
glass fiber or compressed paper but shall not ticker than
7.5% of the total thickness or 0.35mm whichever is the
smaller.

Facilities and Equipment
The Racket
 Ordinary Pimpled Rubber is a single layer of non-
cellular rubber, natural synthetic with pimples
evenly distributed over its surface at a density of
not less than 10/sq.cm. and not more than
50/sq.cm.
 Sandwich Rubber is a single layer of cellular
rubber covered with a single outer layer of the
pimpled rubber not being more than 2 mm.

Basic skill techniques
• Forehand Grip
• Backhand Grip
• Penhold Grip
• Footwork and stance

The Grip
Shake hands grip- Shake hands grip
forehand side. - backhand side

Shake hands Grip
• Start by “shaking hands” with the racquet handle. Now
extend your index finger along the bottom of the blade.
This gives extra stability to the blade.
• Now check the thumb. It should be along the
bottom of the blade, on the opposite side from your
index finger. The thumbnail should be perpendicular to the
blade. The soft part of the thumb should not be touching
the blade. Now check the crook of the thumb and
forefinger. The blade should rest there, perhaps a little to
the index finger side but never on the thumb side. The
exact placement can be varied somewhat.

Shakehands Grip
• With this grip, there are now two
anchors – the thumb and index
finger and the last three fingers
around the handle. In addition, the
middle finger helps support the
weight of the blade. With the
fingers in proper position, the blade
is very stable. When hitting a
backhand, the thumb gives a firm
backing; when hitting a forehand, the
index finger does this.

 The penhold grip is so-named because one
grips the racket similarly to the way one holds
a writing instrument.
Penhold
 The most popular style, usually referred to
as the Chinese penhold style, involves curling
the middle, ring, and fourth finger on the back
of the blade with the three fingers always
remain touching one another.

Footwork and Stance
• A good stance in receiving is about 2 to 2½feet
directly at the back of the center line of the
court.
• Stand with the feet a little apart and with the
left foot forward.(for a right – handed person).

Getting Started
Practice bouncing
the ball on the
racquet. developed
their hand/eye
Coordination have
Them try bouncing
the ball on the
racquet but using
alternate sides of
Bouncing a ball on a racket helps increase
the racquet.
coordination for young beginners.

Simple Serves
Forehand Topspin
Serve

Forehand Topspin Serve
On all serves, the
points that should be
stressed are: • Serve with a general plan in
mind. If you want a topspin
return, serve topspin. If you
• Keep the ball low. want a backspin return,
serve backspin. Of course,
• All serves should be this
served with as much spin or is just a generality. You can’t
as much speed as possible. force your opponent to
return the ball the way you
• All serves should be aimed want. But you can try.
at a particular part
of the table, not just served • Make sure the serve is
in the general direction of legal!

A topspin serve, have them hold the
racquet so it is perpendicular to the floor.
Have them contact the ball on the back
towards the top with an upward and
forward motion. Show them how to graze
the ball for maximum topspin. This serve
can be done either forehand or backhand,
whichever is easier for the child. However,
they should eventually learn to do it both
forehand and backhand

Simple Serves
Forehand Backspin Serve

A backspin serve, have him/her hold the
racquet so the hitting surface is pointing
mostly upward at about a 45 degree angle
to the floor. The specific angle depends both
on the type of racquet surface, the speed of
the racquet at contact, and how finely the
ball is grazed. This is true on all serves, but
especially with backspin and sidespin.

Contact the ball on the back towards the
bottom with a downward stroke. Again,
stress that the more you graze the ball, the
more spin. This serve can also be done both
forehand and backhand, and both ways
should be learned.

Backhand
Topspin Serve

Backhand Backspin Serve

Forehand Sidespin Serve

Backhand Sidespin Serve
- similar to a backhand
backspin or topspin serve
except racket moves
sideways
instead of down or up

The Strokes Techniques or
Offensive strokes
Ready Position for Strokes
•You should stand at the table.
•Have your players
stand in a slight crouch with the knees
slightly bent.
•Weight should be on the balls of the feet,
Which should be slightly farther than
shoulder width apart.

FOREHAND TOP SPIN SHOT
• This shot is basic offensive drive accomplished
by striking the ball with a vigorous motion
either on the dropping part of the bounce or
at the height of the bounce. Make an upward-
forward movement of the racket in order to
make a top spin. You can use this shot on high-
bouncing returns. Be sure to put more weight
on your forward foot to add power to the
shot.

Forehand Drive

Forehand Drive
Rotate the body to the right at the
waist and rotate the arm back at
the elbow. The elbow should stay
near the waist. Weight should be
rotated to the right foot.
During the backswing, the racquet
should open slightly. The racquet
tip and arm should point slightly
down, with the elbow at about 120
degrees or so.

Forehand Drive
Start by rotating the weight
forward onto the left foot. This
initiates the forward swing. Now
Rotate the arm on the elbow
forward, keeping the elbow
almost stationary. The elbow
angle should decrease to about
90 degrees. The waist should
be rotated forward. Backswing
and forward swing should be
one continuous motion.

Forehand Drive
Contact should be made at
The top of the bounce, in front
and slightly to the right of the
body. This will close your
racquet as it contacts the ball.
The racquet should rotate
around the ball, creating
topspin.
Sink the ball into the sponge
using the upward and forward
motion of the racquet. Stroke
through the ball - do not stop
the swing at contact.

Forehand Drive
The racquet goes roughly to the
forehead or around the right eye,
similar to a salute. Taller players
Follow through lower. Shorter
players (and most kids) follow
through a little higher. Weight
should be transferred to the left
leg, with the shoulders and waist
rotated to the left.

Backhand Drive

The Backhand drive
• Rotate the lower arm and racquet towards the
stomach, bringing the racquet down to about
table level. The racquet and arm should point
slightly downwards, with the elbow at about a
90 degree angle. The racquet should open
during the backswing. The elbow itself stays
stationary. Do not use the shoulder, legs,
waist, etc., at any part of the stroke!

The Backhand drive
• Rotate the lower arm and racquet forward and
slightly up on elbow. The elbow moves forward
just enough to keep the racquet going in a
straight line.
• At contact, snap the wrist up and over the ball,
closing the racquet. The racquet rotates around
the ball, creating topspin. For extra power, stroke
straight through the ball with less spin, sinking
the ball straight into the sponge and wood.

The Backhand drive
• The arm continues to extend forward and
slightly up, with the elbow extending forward
to keep the racquet going in a straight line
until the very end of the follow-through. At
the end of the stroke, the racquet should
point a little to the right of the direction the
ball was hit. The elbow is now almost fully
extended.

The Block -
Forehand and Backhand
Backhand Block
Forehand Block

The Block
• A block is a simple way of returning a hard drive.
• A block can be done either forehand or
backhand.
• the block is that you should contact the ball
earlier. Take it right off the bounce.
• The block is most effective as a way to return an
opponent’s drive as quickly as possible so as not
to give him a chance to keep attacking.

The Block -
Forehand and Backhand
• Very little backswing. Just get the racquet into
position so that the incoming ball will contact it.
• Very little, except on an aggressive block.
• The key to blocking is to use the opponent’s
speed and spin to return the ball. Contact should
be made right after the bounce. Quickness is the
key – you don’t want to give your opponent time
to make another strong shot.

The Block -
Forehand and Backhand
• Hold the racquet firmly and let the ball sink
into the sponge and trampoline back. At
contact, move the racquet forward some,
more so against a slow ball than against a fast
one.
• Although you have no backswing and hardly
any forward motion before contact, you do
have to follow through. Just move the racquet
forward, rotating at the elbow.

The Push shot or Half Volley
• The push is a passive backspin shot done against
backspin. It is generally done against a serve or
push which you don’t want to attack.
• It is mostly done with the backhand, as the
forehand push is slightly awkward and it is usually
better to attack on that side.
• The key is to push so the opponent cannot attack
effectively. Keep the ball low, place it well, and
give it a good backspin.

Backhand Push

Backhand Push
• Point the elbow forward, open the racquet,
and bring the racquet backward, rotating at
the elbow. The elbow should not move much
during the stroke.
• Rotate the racquet forward and slightly down.

Backhand Push
• Beginners should contact the ball as it drops.
Let the ball fall onto the racquet, grazing the
bottom back of the ball to create backspin.
• More advanced players can push quicker off
the bounce, but for kids that may be too
difficult to control. Top players do it both
ways.

Forehand Push

Forehand Push
• The elbow should be slightly in front of the
body. Open the racquet and bring the racquet
backwards and up, almost to the right
shoulder. The elbow does not move
throughout the rest of the stroke.
• Rotate the racquet forward and down at the
elbow.

Forehand Push
• Contact is the same as on the backhand push.
Let the ball drop onto the racquet, grazing the
bottom back of the ball to create backspin.
• Do not stop at contact. Follow through by
extending the arm at the elbow until it is
almost fully extended.

Defensive strokes
• Forehand Chop
• Backhand Chop
• Drop Chop
• Smash shot

FOREHAND CHOP
This is defensive stroke executed with a
hatchet chopping movement. The
movement of the racket begins by hitting
the ball forward downward and finished
with your arm extended in front of you. Cut
the ball with the blade down behind and
under the ball so that it spins as it leaves
the racket. This is done with much speed
making if difficult of the opponent to return
the ball.

BACKHAND CHOP
This stroke is the opposite of the forehand
stroke. It is shorter and needs a strong use
of the forearm and wrist. Start the stroke
from chin-height and end at about the
wrist-height.

DROP CHOP
This stroke is executed by swinging the
racket as I making a drive but stopping the
forward motion as the racket is almost
hitting the ball hit the racket instead.

SMASH SHOT
From a height of about 2 ft., hit straight
forward and downward without spin. This is
a kill.

Forehand Loop vs. Backspin

The Loop
• a shot with excessive topspin. The spin is
produced by grazing the ball in an upward
direction.
• A good loop is difficult for a beginner to return
without going off the end or at least popping
up.
• It is easier to loop against backspin than
against topspin. It is primarily a set-up shot,
but it can also be used as a put away shot.

Forehand Loop
• With your right foot slightly back, bend your
knees, rotate your hips, waist and shoulders
backward, and bring your racket and arm
down and back by dropping your right
shoulder.
• Straighten your arm so elbow is nearly
straight, with your wrist cocked down slightly.

Forehand Loop
• Start the forward swing by pushing off your
back leg and rotating your hips and waist
forward. Rotate your shoulders, pulling with
your left.
• Just before contact, snap your forearm and
wrist into the ball smoothly but vigorously.
• (Beginners shouldn’t use wrist at first.)

Forehand Loop
• Contact the ball as it drops for maximum spin
and control, at the top of the bounce for
faster, more aggressive loops.
• Contact is made in front and to the right of
your body, immediately after the shoulder and
hip rotation.
• Contact is a lifting, grazing motion against the
back of the ball.

Forehand Loop
• Arm should continue up and forward, finishing
with the racket somewhere around the
forehead or higher. Transfer your weight to
your left foot.

Definitions
Rally The period during which the ball is in
play
Let A rally the result of which is not
scored
Point A rally the result of which is scored
Racket hand the hand carrying the racket
Free hand the hand carrying of the racket.
Strikes the ball by touching it with his racket,
held in hand, or with his racket-hand
below the wrist.

Definitions
Volleys
the ball if he strikes it in play when has not touched this court since last
being struck by his opponent.
Obstructs
the ball if he, or anything he wears or carries, touches it in play when it
was not passed over the table or an imaginary extension of his end line,
not having touched his court since last being struck by his opponent.
Passing over the net
If it passes under or outside the projection of the net assembly outside

Definitions
Server the player due to strike the ball first
in the rally
Receiver the player due to catch the ball
first in the rally
Umpire the person appointed to decide
on the result of each rally
Assistant umpire
the person appointed to assist the umpire with certain
duties. Anything the player wears or carries includes
anything that he was wearing or carrying at the start of
rally

The Rules
Scoring
• The game is 21 points.
• A game must be won by two points.
• Serves are alternated every five points, except
at deuce (when they are alternated every
point).
• The game does not end at 7-0 or any other
score except 21 or deuce.

The Rules
Serving
• The ball must be held in an uncupped hand,
with the thumb free.
• The ball must be tossed up at least six inches.
• The net is six inches high and can be used for comparison.
• The ball must be struck while it is dropping.
• Contact must be above the table level and behind
the end line or its imaginary extension.
• Let serves (serves that nick the net but hit the
other side of the table) are taken over. You can
serve any number of let serves without losing a point.

The Rules
Rallying
• You may not volley the ball (hit it before it bounces on
your side of the table).
• The rally continues until someone fails to return
the ball.
• You may not move the table or touch it with your non-
playing hand.
• To start a game, one player hides the ball in one hand
under the table and the other tries to guess what hand
it is in. Winner gets the choice of serving or receiving
first (or choice of sides).

The Rules
Starting a game
According to ITTF rule 2.13.1, the first service is decided by
lot, normally a coin toss. It is also common for one player (or
the umpire/scorer) to hide the ball in one or the other hand
(usually hidden under the table), allowing the other player to
guess which hand the ball is in. The correct or incorrect guess
gives the "winner" the option to choose to serve, receive, or
to choose which side of the table to use. (A common but non-
sanctioned method is for the players to play the ball back and
forth four times and then play out the point. This is commonly
referred to as "play to serve" or "rally to serve".)

The Rules
Service and return
In game play, the player serving the ball
commences a play
The server first stands with the ball held on
the open palm of the hand not carrying the
racket, called the freehand, and tosses the ball
directly upward without spin, at least 16
centimeters (approximately 6 inches) high.

The Rules
Service and return
The server strikes the ball with the racket on
the ball's descent so that it touches first his
court and then touches directly the receiver's
court without touching the net assembly.
The ball must remain behind the endline and
above the upper surface of the table, known
as the playing surface, at all times during the
service.

The Rules
Service and return
 The server cannot use his body or clothing to
obstruct sight of the ball; the opponent and the
umpire must have a clear view of the ball at all
times.
 If the service is "good", then the receiver must
make a "good" return by hitting the ball back
before it bounces a second time on receiver's
side of the table so that the ball passes the net
and touches the opponent's court, either directly
or after touching the net assembly.

The Rules
Service and return
Thereafter, the server and receiver must
alternately make a return until the rally is over.
Returning the serve is one of the most difficult
parts of the game, as the server's first move is
often the least predictable and thus most
advantageous shot due to the numerous spin
and speed choices at his or her disposal.

The Rules
The order of play
In singles, the server shall first make a good
service; the receiver shall then make a good
return and there after, server and receiver
alternatively shall each a good return.

THE RULES
A GOOD RETURN
Is when a ball having been served or returned
in play shall be struck so that it passes directly
over or around the net touches the
opponent’s court either directly or after
touching the net assembly.

THE RULES
THE PLAY
The ball is in play from the last moment it is
projected from the hand in service until it
touches anything other than the plating
surface the net assembly, the racket, held in
the hand or the racket hand below the wrist
or the rally is otherwise decided as let or
point.

ASSIGNMENT
OTHER RULES OF THE GAME IN TABLE TENNIS
1. LET
2. A POINT
3. A MATCH
4. THE CHOICE OF ENDS AND SERVICE
5. THE ORDER OF SERVING, RECEIVING AND
ENDS
6. THE EXPEDITE SYSTEM