Swift型別和SDK型別的自動轉換，property list，NSUserDefaults，View，required initializer，frame & bounds，繪圖，drawRect，UIBezierPath，顏色，文字，字型，圖片，NSMutableAttributedString，contentMode

1. Standford 2015 iOS讀書會
week3
彼得潘
1. Objective-C Compatibility, Property List, Views

2. Bridge:⾃自動轉型變⾝身
var name1:String = "20.2"
var name2:NSString = "10.0"
name2 = name1
name1 = name2 as String
name1 = String(name2)
name2.doubleValue
(name1 as NSString).doubleValue
有問題的程式:
name1.doubleValue
name1 = name2
NSString -> String 要另外轉型

3. Bridge:⾃自動轉型變⾝身
var num1:Int = 3
var num2:Float = 2.5
var num3:Double = 3.2
var num4:Bool = true
var num5:NSNumber = 3
num1 = num5 as Int
num1 = Int(num5)
num1 = num5.integerValue
num3 = num5 as Double
num3 = Double(num5)
num3 = num5.doubleValue
有問題的程式:
num1 = num5
NSNumber -> Int, Float, Double, Bool 要另外轉型

4. Bridge:⾃自動轉型變⾝身
var array1:[Int] = [2,3]
var array2:NSArray = NSArray(object: 1)
array2 = array1
array1 = array2 as! [Int]
(array1 as NSArray).componentsJoinedByString(",")
可能轉型失敗，要⽤用as!
array1 = array2 as! [Double]
array1 = array2
有問題的程式:
NSArray -> Array 要另外轉型，⽽而且可能失敗
NSDictionary同NSArray，
同樣NSDictionary -> Dictionary要另外轉型

5. Bridge
String 轉換成NSString
struct變成object !
⼀一定要import SDK的framework, ex Foundation

6. Property List
包含以下六種型別資料的集合(容不下其它型別)
NSString NSArray NSDictionary NSNumber
NSData NSDate
NSDictionary和NSArray裡的資料也必須是這六種型別
像是⼩小型的database

7. property list

8. Wealthy App的記帳類別

9. property list
預設唯讀

10. 修改
copy到可讀寫的doc路徑
func copyItemAtURL(_ srcURL: NSURL,
toURL dstURL: NSURL,
error error: NSErrorPointer) -> Bool

11. NSUserDefaults
每個App都有的propert list
永久存在
適⽤用例⼦子: App的相關設定資料
只適合儲存少量資料
存太多資料時，存取也會較花時間
user’s defaults database
NSString NSArray NSDictionary NSNumber
NSData NSDate
可寫⼊入的資料

12. NSUserDefaults
let defaults = NSUserDefaults.standardUserDefaults()
defaults.setObject("peter", forKey: "name")
if let name = defaults.objectForKey("name") as! String? {
println("name (name.uppercaseString)")
}
if let name = defaults.stringForKey("name") {
println("name (name.uppercaseString)")
}
defaults.setInteger(3, forKey: "age")
var age = defaults.integerForKey("age")
println("age (age)")
defaults.removeObjectForKey("age")
var ageObj = defaults.objectForKey("age")
println("age (ageObj)")
defaults.synchronize()
synchronize:寫⼊入disk，定期被呼叫，⾃自⼰己呼叫更保險

13. standford demo
var program:PropertyList {
get {
var returnValue = Array<String>()
for op in opStack {
returnValue.append(op.description)
}
return returnValue
}
}
Array<String>轉換成內容為NSString的NSArray
get {
return opStack.map{$0.description}
}
typealias PropertyList = AnyObject

14. 幫型別取個好聽名字
typealias

15. standford demo
set {
if let opSymbols = newValue as? Array<String> {
var newOpStack = [Op]()
for opSymbol in opSymbols {
if let op = knownOps[opSymbol] {
newOpStack.append(op)
}
else if let operand =
NSNumberFormatter().numberFromString(opSymbol)?.doubleValue {
newOpStack.append(.Operand(operand))
}
}
opStack = newOpStack
}
}

16. View
⻑⾧長⽅方形 Touch事件畫圖
var superview: UIView? { get }
var subviews: [AnyObject] { get }
UIWindow: 最底層的Viewindex愈⾼高在愈上層

17. sv Optional(<UIWindow: 0x7fae6b2823b0; frame = (0 0; 320 568); gestureRecognizers = <NSArray:
0x7fae6b289be0>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x7fae6b294790>>)
空⽩白View Controller的superView
Navigation Controller的superView
sv Optional(<UIViewControllerWrapperView: 0x7f8103779fb0; frame = (0 0; 320 568); autoresize
= RM+BM; layer = <CALayer: 0x7f8103780f40>>)
sv Optional(<UINavigationTransitionView: 0x7f810376e3c0; frame = (0 0; 320 568);
clipsToBounds = YES; autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x7f810376d7a0>>)
sv Optional(<UILayoutContainerView: 0x7f8103419250; frame = (0 0; 320 568); autoresize = W+H;
gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x7f8103776020>; layer = <CALayer: 0x7f810341b530>>)
sv Optional(<UIWindow: 0x7f8103562eb0; frame = (0 0; 320 568); gestureRecognizers = <NSArray:
0x7f81035636b0>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x7f810354ec30>>)

18. 畫⾯面上的UI元件可以存取到
Window
ex: self.button.window
⼀一般⼀一個App只有⼀一個window

19. View
從storyboard建⽴立
從程式加⼊入或移除，利⽤用addSubview(aView: UIView)，
removeFromSuperview()
View Controller有個view property，連結到其控制的view

20. 初始view
init(frame: CGRect)
從程式建⽴立view
init(coder: NSCoder)
可從這裡初始storyboard或xib建⽴立的view

21. override init(frame: CGRect) {
super.init(frame: frame)
}
覆寫designated initializer要加上override，
覆寫convenience initializer不⽤用加override
required init(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
super.init(coder: aDecoder)
}
⼀一旦定義了init(frame: CGRect)，required init(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) 也要定義
若先定義了required init(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) ，init(frame: CGRect)則不⼀一定要定義

22. 防⽌止絕技失傳的
required initializer
SuperBaby⾃自⼰己定義designated initializer，
不再繼承init( )

23. 防⽌止絕技失傳的
required initializer

24. 防⽌止絕技失傳的
required initializer

25. func awakeFromNib()
初始storyboard上元件的另⼀一個⽅方法
在init(coder: NSCoder)後被呼叫

26. 定義⻑⾧長⽅方形的元素
CGFloat
struct CGPoint {
var x: CGFloat
var y: CGFloat
init()
init(x: CGFloat, y: CGFloat)
}
struct CGSize {
var width: CGFloat
var height: CGFloat
init()
init(width: CGFloat, height: CGFloat)
}
float不能直接指派給CGFloat
var number1:Float = 5.1
var number2:CGFloat = 3.2
number2 = CGFloat(number1)
number1 = Float(number2)

27. 定義⻑⾧長⽅方形的元素
struct CGRect {
var origin: CGPoint
var size: CGSize
init()
init(origin: CGPoint, size: CGSize)
}
let rect = CGRect(x: 10, y: 10, width: 100, height: 100)

28. CGRect的property & method
var minX: CGFloat { get }
var midX: CGFloat { get }
var maxX: CGFloat { get }
var minY: CGFloat { get }
var midY: CGFloat { get }
var maxY: CGFloat { get }
func intersects(rect: CGRect) -> Bool
mutating func intersect(withRect: CGRect)
func contains(rect: CGRect) -> Bool
func contains(point: CGPoint) -> Bool

29. 座標系統
origin: 左上座標
x -> 愈向右愈⼤大
y -> 愈向下愈⼤大
單位points，不是pixel
retina : 2x, 2*2
retina HD: 3x, 3*3, iPhone 6 plus

30. frame & bounds
frame:定位 bounds:繪製元件

31. frame & bounds
let yellowView = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 50, y: 50, width: 150, height: 150))
yellowView.backgroundColor = UIColor.yellowColor()
self.view.addSubview(yellowView)
let blueView = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 50, y: 50, width: 150, height: 150))
blueView.backgroundColor = UIColor(red: 0, green: 0, blue: 1, alpha: 0.5)
self.view.addSubview(blueView)
println("frame (blueView.frame) bounds (blueView.bounds) center
(blueView.center)")
blueView.bounds = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 300, height: 300)
println("frame (blueView.frame) bounds (blueView.bounds) center
(blueView.center)")
blueView.frame = CGRect(x: 50, y: 50, width: 150, height: 150)
println("frame (blueView.frame) bounds (blueView.bounds) center
(blueView.center)")
let angel = CGFloat(M_PI/4)
let transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(angel)
blueView.transform = transform
println("frame (blueView.frame) bounds (blueView.bounds) center
(blueView.center)")
360度: M_PI * 2

32. 旋轉後的touch
只有bounds區塊是touch範圍

33. 建⽴立View
從storyboard
從程式
從Identity Inspector設定物件的類別

34. 繪製View
override func drawRect(rect: CGRect) {
// Drawing code
}
func setNeedsDisplay()
func setNeedsDisplayInRect(rect: CGRect)
觸發重新繪製
不要直接呼叫drawRect

35. func drawRect(rect: CGRect)
利⽤用Core Graphics
UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext()
利⽤用UIBezierPath
以Core Graphics為基礎

36. 繪製三⾓角形
UIColor的set()同時設定fill & stroke

37. UIBezierPath
let roundRect = UIBezierPath(roundedRect: aCGRect, cornerRadius: aCGFloat)
let oval = UIBezierPath(ovalInRect: aCGRect)

38. UIColor
self.view.backgroundColor = UIColor.blueColor()
let image = UIImage(named: "book")
self.view.backgroundColor = UIColor(patternImage: image!)
self.view.backgroundColor =
UIColor.yellowColor().colorWithAlphaComponent(0.5)
alpha : (透明 ）0 ~ 1 (不透明 ）
self.view.alpha = 0.5
self.view.hidden = true
影響subView的透明度
不影響subView的透明度

39. 字型

40. 字型
let font = UIFont.preferredFontForTextStyle(UIFontTextStyleBody)
App內容
let font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(20)
button等元件的⽂文字
let font = UIFont.boldSystemFontOfSize(20)
let font = UIFont(name: "Papyrus", size: 20)

41. 字型

42. iOS內建font
http://iosfonts.com

43. 加⼊入第三⽅方字型
ttf，otf
http://codewithchris.com/common-mistakes-with-adding-
custom-fonts-to-your-ios-app/

44. ⽂文字
let text = NSAttributedString(“hello")
text.drawAtPoint(aCGPoint)
let mutableText = NSMutableAttributedString("some string")
func setAttributes(attributes: Dictionary, range: NSRange)
func addAttributes(attributes: Dictionary, range: NSRange)
NSForegroundColorAttributeName : UIColor
NSStrokeWidthAttributeName : CGFloat
NSFontAttributeName : UIFont
UILabel

45. NSMutableAttributedString
let attrMessage = NSMutableAttributedString(string:"天⻑⾧長地久有沒
有")
let font = UIFont.boldSystemFontOfSize(24)
attrMessage.addAttribute(NSFontAttributeName, value: font,
range: NSMakeRange(0,
attrMessage.length))
attrMessage.addAttribute(NSForegroundColorAttributeName,
value: UIColor.blueColor(), range: NSMakeRange(0, 4))
attrMessage.addAttribute(NSForegroundColorAttributeName,
value:UIColor.blackColor(), range: NSMakeRange(4,
attrMessage.length-4))
self.label.attributedText = attrMessage
1個label即可搞定

46. Image
UIImageView & UIImage
Images.xcassets
let image: UIImage? = UIImage(named: “foo”)
optional
let image: UIImage? = UIImage(contentsOfFile: aString)
let image: UIImage? = UIImage(data: anNSData)
UIGraphicsBeginImageContext
程式繪製
ex: App畫⾯面截圖

47. Image
let image: UIImage = ...
image.drawAtPoint(aCGPoint) // the upper left corner of the
image put at aCGPoint
image.drawInRect(aCGRect) // scales the image to fit
aCGRect
image.drawAsPatternInRect(aCGRect) // tiles the image into
aCGRect

48. contentMode
Image View的content mode
content mode redraw的影響:
Standford Happiness App Demo

49. Happiness App Demo

50. ⾃自訂controller
Identity Inspector

51. 設定第⼀一個畫⾯面的
controller
也可以點選arrow移動

52. Reset to Suggested
Constraints

53. ctrl + shift + 點選觸控版
顯⽰示點選位置的UI元件清單

54. convertPoint
func convertPoint(point: CGPoint, fromView view: UIView?) ->
CGPoint
將參數fromView中的point座標，轉換為呼叫者view的座標
let point = redView.convertPoint(redView.center,
fromView: self.view)
println("point (redView.center) (point)")
point (100.0, 100.0) (50.0, 50.0)

55. 因為Content Mode為ScaleToFill，
當bounds改變時，
⾃自動縮放原來的image
笑臉變型問題

56. Redraw
設為Redraw時，
bounds改變時重新繪製，
呼叫drawRect

57. 定義常數的⽅方法
private struct Scaling {
static let FaceRadiusToEyeRadiusRatio:CGFloat = 10
static let FaceRadiusToEyeOffsetRatio:CGFloat = 3
static let FaceRadiusToEyeSeparationRatio:CGFloat = 1.5
static let FaceRadiusToMouthWidthRatio:CGFloat = 1
static let FaceRadiusToMouthHeightRatio:CGFloat = 3
static let FaceRadiusToMouthOffsetRatio:CGFloat = 3
}