CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
Thomas Stearns Eliot
1. 1888-1965
“What is hell? Hell is oneself.
Hell is alone, the other figures in it
Merely projections. There is nothing to escape
from
And nothing to escape to. One is always alone.”
2. BIOGRAPHY
o BIRTH
Thomas Stearns Eliot
September 26, 1888 in Missouri.
o CHILDHOOD
father, Henry Ware Eliot,
the president of the Hydraulic Brick
Company.
mother, Charlotte Champe Stearns,
volunteer at the Humanity Club of St. Louis.
was a teacher.
3. BIOGRAPHY
o EDUCATION
attended Harvard University
left with masters and undergraduate degrees.
returned to Harvard to receive a doctorate degree
in philosophy.
1915 married first wife, Vivienne Haigh-Wood
1917 began working at Lloyd’s Bank in London
1925 left the bank
1927 converted to Anglicanism
1933 separated from Vivienne
4. 1948 won Nobel prize
1957 married Esme Valerie Fletcher
• Had been his secretary at the publishing
house
In 1965, he died of emphysema in London at the
age of seventy-seven
5. WORKS
Prufrock and Other Observations (1917)
Poems (1919)
The Sacred Wood (1920)
The Waste Land (1922)
Ash-Wednesday (1927-30)
Four Quartets (1943)
Murder in the Cathedral (1935)
The Cocktail Party (1950)
6. THE WASTE LAND
o Written in 1922
o Marriage failing
Both he and Vivienne were suffering from
“nervous disorders”
He was in convalescence, recovering from
a “break-down”
Emotionally distanced himself from the
work before it was published in book form
o The impotence and sterility of the modern world;
cultural fragmentation
7. THE WASTE LAND
o disaffected sexual
relationships in the
modern, faithless world
o The disrupted cycles of:
death and
regeneration
decay and growth
o the possibility of spiritual
and aesthetic unity:
through religious belief
and mythic structure
8. THE WASTE LAND
It is an anthology of
indeterminate states of the
mind, hallucinations,
impressions, personalities
blended and superimposed
beyond the boundaries of
time and place.
The speaking voice is
related to various
personalities: Tiresias, a
knight from the Grail legend,
the Fisher King.
It consists of five
sections:
The Burial of the
Dead;
A Game of Chess;
The Fire Sermon;
Death by Water;
What the Thunder
Said
9. STYLE
o Association of ideas
o Past and present are simultaneous
o Mythical method
o Subjective esperiences made universal
o Use of juxtaposition
o Quoations from different languages and literary
works
o Fragmentation
o Techique of implication
10. STYLE
o Objective correlative
o Repetition of words, images and phrases
o Disconnected images/symbols
o Highly expressive meter
o Rhythm of free verses
o Metaphysical whimsical images/whims
o Flexible tone
11. MAJOR MOTIFS, IMAGES,
SYMBOLS
o Rejuvenation
quest for regeneration
in a kaleidoscopic
landscape of sexual
disorder and spiritual
desolation
Fertility (love, sex,
vitality) vs sterility
(impotence)
o death vs. rebirth
death in life
rebirth in death
cycle of seasons
12. MAJOR MOTIFS, IMAGES,
SYMBOLS
o external barren landscape
mirroring an internal barren
landscape
wilderness, barren land,
desert, rock
o cause of this sterility of
modern life: lack of belief
god is buried, god is
dead
13. COMPLEXITY AND AMBIGUITY
OF THE POEM
o Double/conflicting meanings
water: life, death, rebirth;
rock: sterility and hope
o Stumbling blocks
many allusions, vague in origin
Exploration on the nature of life, of modern
world, complexity of experience
symbols are not two-dimensional, thin, but rich in
meaning; the poem was not meant to be a
didactic allegory
14. Modern T.S. Eliot’s
world
19th century world
Chaotic Ordered
Futile Meaningful
Pessimistic Optimistic
Unstable Stable
Loss of faith Faith
Collapse of moral values Morality/values
Confused sense of
identity
Clear sense of identity
15. OBJECTIVE CORRELATIVE
For Eliot, the “objective correlative” is a pattern of
objects, events, actions, or a situation that can serve
effectively to awaken in the reader an emotional
response without being a direct statement of that
subjective emotion.
“Here is no water but only rock
Rock and no water and the sandy road
The road winding above among the mountains Which
are mountains of rock without water.”
(What the Thunder Said)