AS ICT (OCR) G061 3.1.1 Data, Information, Knowledge & Processing booklet

3.1.1 Data, Information, Knowledge & Processing Christos Demetriou AS ICT (OCR) G061

1. Create a table showing Description, Advantages,
Disadvantages, Example for each Method of Conveying
information.

2. Explain the difference between information and
knowledge.

3. Finish questionnaires and explain data, information
and knowledge.

01 Methods of conveying information 2009-2010 Page 1 of 14


1. Data Types
a. Within the context, give an example of how each of the data types could be used:
Context
Removal
Estate Agency School
Company
Boolean

Real

Integer

String

Date / Time

b. Why is it important to allocate the correct type to data?

c. Using an example, describe the Boolean data type.

d. Give three examples where the use of an integer data type would be more appropriate than a
real data type.

e. Give two reasons why a telephone number is stored as text.

02 Data Types, Sources & Quality 2009-2010 Page 2 of 14


2. Data Sources
a. Using the context given, identify four indirect sources of information for producing leaflets:
Context
Estate Agency Removal Company

Direct

Indirect

b. What is the difference between direct and indirect sources of data?

c. Give two examples of archives that would need to be accessed to find data.

d. Information on the number of girls who play football in a town is required. Describe one direct
and one indirect method of collecting this data that will provide this information.


e. Describe two advantages of using an original source to collect information on how good different
MP3 players are.

f. Give two situations where using indirect data is a better option than direct. For each situation,
give a different reason why.

g. Describe one situation where there is an advantage to using both direct and indirect methods of
collecting data.

h. What is the difference between static and dynamic data?

i. Describe, with examples, two reasons why websites are classified as dynamic sources of data.

j. Describe two situations where the use of static data is preferable. Give reasons for your choices.

k. Describe two problems of using dynamic data.



3. Data Quality
a. Within the contexts given, give examples of how the six factors can affect the quality of
information
Context
Removal Company Exam results
Accuracy

Relevance
Age
Completeness
Presentation
Level of Detail

b. Describe each of the six factors affecting the quality of information.

c. For each factor, give an example of how it affects the quality of information provided

d. Demonstrate, using examples, how one factor can have a knock-on effect and influence other
factors



1. Encoding Data

Group Activity (5 – 6 people per group)

Create an encoding system to encode people’s facial features: - hair colour, eye colour, skin tone etc.

Try out the encoding system. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the system you have
created?

Is it easy to understand and use?

a. What is meant by encoding data?

b. Describe three advantages of encoding data.

c. Describe three disadvantages of encoding data.

d. Explain, using an example, how data can be encoded.

e. Give two situations where the encoding of data is appropriate. For each situation, explain why
data needs to be encoded.

03 Coding & Checking Data 2009-2010 Page 6 of 14


Extension Activity

Investigate the Dewey Decimal system of encoding for libraries.

Is it easy to follow?

Could it be improved?



2. Data Validation

Group Activity (5 – 6 people per group)

Examine the Application for Climbing Course form (Page 27 of OCR ICT for AS Book) and identify
all the different validation methods that could be applied to it.

Give a reason for each validation method used.

a. Describe three different validation methods.

b. When is it appropriate to use range validation? Give examples of its use.

c. Why is validation used?

d. Describe how validation methods can be used when collecting details from a prospective house
purchaser in an estate agency.

e. Give three examples of data that could be entered into a form that are incorrect but would pass
three different validation rules.



Extension Activity

Configure a spreadsheet for a user to confirm whether or not as ISBN check digit is correct.

Use the Modulus 11 calculation to confirm the check digit for the following ISBNs. For any that are
incorrect, give the correct check digit.

a. 1-854-87918-9

b. 0-552-77109-X

c. 0-330-28414-3

d. 0-330-34742-X

e. 0-330-35183-3



3. Data Verification

a. Describe two methods of verification.

b. Give two disadvantages of double entry verification.

c. Give one advantage of manual verification.

d. Explain why verification cannot ensure that the data is accurate.

e. What are the two most common errors caused when entering data? Give an example of each one.



1. Backup and Archive

Group Activity (4 - 5 people per group)
Investigate two different back-up programs.
What facilities are available on them and why are they required?

Should you copy your computer based course work?
Is this a BACKUP or an ARCHIVE?

a. Using an example, define what is meant by the term back-up.

b. Using an example, define what is meant by the term archive.

c. Why is it important to back up data?

d. What is the difference between archiving and back-up of data?

e. What storage medium should be used for archiving?

04 Backup, Cost & Feedback Loop 2009-2010 Page 11 of 14


2. Costs of Producing Information

Group Activity (4 - 5 people per group) Group A and B
Review the information provided on p33 – p35 (OCR ICT for AS Book)

Imagine that you are producing a leaflet for a new vegetable delivery service.
Using the four costs discussed, produce a poster to identify all the expenditure associated with
producing a leaflet and give a cost to each of them.

a. Describe the hardware items required to collect and input data required for a fashion magazine.

b. Explain why an organisation might need to upgrade software it uses to produce information.

c. Explain the personnel costs incurred by an organisation that produces a leaflet completely from
scratch.



3. Feedback Loop

Group Activity (4 - 5 people per group) Group C and D
Using the following scenario record on the coloured paper and describe the terms input, processing,
storage, output and feedback.

A school trip to The Lake District is being organised. Letters are sent each week to all parents whose
children are going, with how much they need to pay. If they send money in during the week, the records
are altered. Once they have paid the full amount, no more letters are sent to the parents.

a. Describe these terms: input, storage, processing, output and feedback.

b. Draw a diagram to show the input, storage, processing, output and feedback for a vehicle cruise
control system.

c. What is the difference between closed-loop and open-loop feedback?

d. What are the advantages of using a turnaround document?



Extension Activity

Investigate turnaround documents and try to find three physical examples.


AS ICT (OCR) G061 3.1.1 Data, Information, Knowledge & Processing booklet

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