2. OUR ENVIRONMENT IS NOT CONDUCIVE TO A HEALTHY, PHYSICALLY ACTIVE LIFESTYLE. WHY?

3. WHAT ARE SOME ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY?

4. 1) MODERN-DAY CONVENIENCES. LULL US INTO PHYSICAL INACTIVITY.

5. 2) MODERN-DAY ARCHITECTURE. REINFORCES UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS.

6. 3) SEDENTARY JOBS. MOST JOBS REQUIRE PEOPLE TO SIT MOST OF THE DAY

7. 4) SEDENTARY LEISURE. LIKE OUR JOBS, OUR LEISURE TIME IS SPENT BEING SEDENTARY

8. 5) OUR COMMUNITIES DO NOT MAKE PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES A HIGH PRIORITY.

9. WHAT ARE “TRAFFIC-CALMING” STRATEGIES? -INTENTIONALLY SLOWING TRAFFIC TO MAKE THE PEDESTRIAN’S ROLE EASIER.

10. WHAT ARE SOME ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON DIET & NUTRITION?

11. 1) THE OVERABUNDANCE OF FOOD. INCREASES PRESSURE ON FOOD SUPPLIERS TO ADVERTISE & TRY TO CONVINCE CONSUMERS TO BUY THEIR PRODUCTS.

12. 2) MANY OF OUR LEISURE ACTIVITES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH EATING.

13. 3) UNHEALTHY FOOD IS RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE & READILY ACCESIBLE.

14. 4) FOOD PORTIONS. PARTICULARLY IN RESTAURANTS HAVE INCREASED SUBSTANTIALLY IN SIZE.

15. WHAT IS “VALUE MARKETING?” -OFFERING THE CUSTOMER A LARGER PORTION FOR ONLY A SMALLER PRICE INCREASE.

16. IN SPITE OF THE BEST INTENTIONS, PEOPLE MAKE UNHEALTHY CHOICES DAILY. WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON REASONS FOR PEOPLE MAKING UNHEALTHY CHOICES?

18. LOCUS OF CONTROL -THE EXTENT TO WHICH A PERSON BELIEVES HE/SHE CAN INFLUENCE THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT. INTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL: -PEOPLE WHO BELIEVE THEY HAVE CONTROL OVER EVENTS IN THEIR LIVES. -GENERALLY ARE HEALTHIER & HAVE AN EASIER TIME INITIATING & ADHERING TO A WELLNESS PROGRAM. EXTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL: -PEOPLE WHO BELIEVE THAT WHAT HAPPENS TO THEM IS A RESULT OF CHANCE OR THE ENVIRONMENT & IS UNRELATED TO THEIR BEHAVIOR. -AT GREATER RISK FOR ILLNESS.

20. 2-STAGE MODEL OF UNHEALTHY & HEALTHY BEHAVIOR EITHER YOU DO IT OR YOU DON’T.

22. LEARNING THEORIES -MOST BEHAVIORS ARE LEARNED & MAINTAINED UNDER COMPLEX SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT & ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES. -THE PROCESS FOR LEARNING A NEW BEHAVIOR REQUIRES MODIFYING MANY SMALL BEHAVIORS THAT SHAPE THE NEW PATTERN BEHAVIOR.

23. PROBLEM-SOLVING MODEL -MANY BEHAVIORS ARE THE RESULT OF MAKING DECISIONS AS WE SEEK TO CHANGE THE PROBLEM BEHAVIOR. -THE PROCESS OF CHANGE REQUIRES CONSCIOUS ATTENTION, THE SETTING GOALS, & DESIGNING A SPECIFIC PLAN OF ACTION.

24. SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY -BEHAVIOR CHANGE IS INFLUENCED BY THE ENVIRONMENT, SELF-EFFICACY, & CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BEHAVIOR ITSELF. -YOU CAN INCREASE SELF-EFFICACY BY EDUCATING YOURSELF ABOUT THE BEHAVIOR, DEVELOPING THE SKILLS TO MASTER THE BEHAVIOR, PERFORMING SMALLER MASTERY EXPERIENCES SUCCESSFULLY, & RECEIVING VERBAL REINFORCEMENT & VICARIOUS EXPERIENCES.

25. RELAPSE PREVENTION MODEL -PEOPLE ARE TAUGHT TO ANTICIPATE HIGH-RISK SITUATIONS & DEVELOP ACTION PLANS TO PREVENT APSES & RELAPSES. -FACTORS THAT DISRUPT BEHAVIOR CHANGE: -NEGATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL STATES (STRESS, ILLNESS) -SOCIAL PRESSURE -LACK OF SUPPORT -LIMITED COPING SKILLS -CHANGE IN WORK CONDITIONS -LACK OF MOTIVATION

26. TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL -CHANGE IS ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH A SERIES OF PROGRESSIVE STAGES IN KEEPING WITH A PERSON’S READINESS TO CHANGE. -STAGES: 1) PRECONTEMPLATION -THE INDIVIDUAL IS UNWILLING TO CHANGE BEHAVIOR. 2) CONTEMPLATION -THE INDIVIDUAL IS CONSIDERING CHANGING BEHAVIOR WITHIN THE NEXT 6 MONTHS. 3) PREPARATION: -THE INDIVIDUAL IS GETTING READY TO MAKE A CHANGE WITHIN THE NEXT MONTH. 4) ACTION -THE INDIVIDUAL IS ACTIVELY CHANGING A NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR OR ADOPTING A NEW, HEALTHY BEHAVIOR. 5) MAINTENANCE -THE INDIVIDUAL MAINTAINS BEHAVIORAL CHANGE FOR UP TO 5 YEARS. 6) TERMINATION/ADOPTION -THE INDIVIDUAL HAS MAINTAINED A BEHAVIOR MORE THAN 5 YEARS.

27. SMART GOALS SPECIFIC: -STATE EXACTLY WHAT YOU WANT TO ACCOMPLISH. MEASURABLE: -GOALS & OBJECTIVES SHOULD BE MEASURABLE. ACCEPTABLE: -GOALS THAT YOU SET FOR YOURSELF ARE MORE MOTIVATIONAL THAN GOALS SOMEONE ELSE SETS FOR YOU. REALISTIC: -GOALS SHOULD BE WITHIN REACH. TIME-SPECIFIC: -A GOAL SHOULD ALWAYS HAVE A SPECIFIC DATE SET FOR COMPLETION.