This document discusses ergonomics issues in the workplace. It notes that back injuries are a leading cause of disability in the US for those under 45 and accounted for a large portion of workers' compensation costs. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) refer to injuries or illnesses affecting the musculoskeletal system, including strains, sprains, and inflammation. Common risk factors for MSDs include awkward postures, repetitive motions, prolonged duration of tasks, and high frequency of motions. The document provides examples of how each of these physical risk factors can contribute to MSDs. It also notes that psychosocial risk factors like a lack of job control can increase stress levels and the risk of injury.