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Extraction of
metals
Difference between rock, mineral and ore.
A rock is made up of 2 or more minerals, whereas a mineral is composed of
the same substance throughout. Examples of minerals include quartz,
feldspar minerals, calcite, sulfur and the clay minerals such as kaolinite and
smectite.
Ore- A mineral occurring in sufficient quantity and containing enough metal
to permit its recovery and extraction at a profit.
Examples: Cinnabar (HgS), an ore of mercury.
Sphalerite (ZnS), an ore of zinc.
A few most unreactive metals occur in nature in free state. Most of
the metals occur in nature in oxidized form as their compounds.
The process of extracting pure metal from its ore is known as
metallurgy.
Steps involved…
I Crushing and grinding of the ore.
II. Concentration or beneficiation of the ore.
III. Preliminary treatment of the concentrated
ore.
IV. Reduction.
V. Purification or refining of crude metal.
I. CRUSHING AND GRINDING OF THE ORE
• Most of the ores are obtained from
the crust of the earth in the form of
huge lumps.
• These lumps have to be converted
into powdered form so that the
chemical changes which have to
take place at the later stages may
become convenient.
• The huge lumps are broken into
small pieces in the jaw
crushers They are further pulverised
in stamp mill or ball mill.
II. CONCENTRATION OR BENEFICATION OF THE ORE
The removal of unwanted materials such as sand, clay, etc., from the pulverised ore is called concentration, dressing or benefication of the ore.
1. Hydraulic Washing,
Levigation or Gravity
Separation Method
2. Froth Floatation
Process.
3. Magnetic Separation
of Impurities
4. Leaching
Extraction of metals (1)
Extraction of metals (1)
Extraction of metals (1)
III. PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF THE CONCENTRATED ORE
1.
Calcination
2. Roasting
IV.
REDUCTION
• 1. Smelting or Reduction with
Carbon.
• 2. Auto-reduction.
• 3. Electrolytic Reduction.
• 4. Displacement Method
(Hydrometallurgy).
V. REFINING OF
METALS
Distillation.
Liquation.
Electrolytic Refining- or Electro-refining.

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Extraction of metals (1)

  • 2. Difference between rock, mineral and ore. A rock is made up of 2 or more minerals, whereas a mineral is composed of the same substance throughout. Examples of minerals include quartz, feldspar minerals, calcite, sulfur and the clay minerals such as kaolinite and smectite. Ore- A mineral occurring in sufficient quantity and containing enough metal to permit its recovery and extraction at a profit. Examples: Cinnabar (HgS), an ore of mercury. Sphalerite (ZnS), an ore of zinc.
  • 3. A few most unreactive metals occur in nature in free state. Most of the metals occur in nature in oxidized form as their compounds. The process of extracting pure metal from its ore is known as metallurgy.
  • 4. Steps involved… I Crushing and grinding of the ore. II. Concentration or beneficiation of the ore. III. Preliminary treatment of the concentrated ore. IV. Reduction. V. Purification or refining of crude metal.
  • 5. I. CRUSHING AND GRINDING OF THE ORE • Most of the ores are obtained from the crust of the earth in the form of huge lumps. • These lumps have to be converted into powdered form so that the chemical changes which have to take place at the later stages may become convenient. • The huge lumps are broken into small pieces in the jaw crushers They are further pulverised in stamp mill or ball mill.
  • 6. II. CONCENTRATION OR BENEFICATION OF THE ORE The removal of unwanted materials such as sand, clay, etc., from the pulverised ore is called concentration, dressing or benefication of the ore. 1. Hydraulic Washing, Levigation or Gravity Separation Method 2. Froth Floatation Process. 3. Magnetic Separation of Impurities 4. Leaching
  • 10. III. PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF THE CONCENTRATED ORE 1. Calcination 2. Roasting
  • 11. IV. REDUCTION • 1. Smelting or Reduction with Carbon. • 2. Auto-reduction. • 3. Electrolytic Reduction. • 4. Displacement Method (Hydrometallurgy).