Global warming is caused by increased levels of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxide released from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere and cause surface temperatures to rise, leading to increased droughts, heat waves, melting polar ice caps, more extreme flooding, and more wildfires. Other effects include potential increases in volcanic activity. El Niño is a warming of ocean waters in the Pacific that impacts weather worldwide, while La Niña is the cooling phase with opposite weather effects.

1. Global Warming
El Niño and Niña
Phenomenon

2. a gradual increase in the
overall temperature of the
earth's atmosphere generally
attributed to the greenhouse
effect caused by increased
levels of carbon dioxide,
chlorofluorocarbons, and other
pollutants.
Global Warming

3. Watch
this

4. GREENHOUSE GASES
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
METHANE (CH 4)
NITROUS OXIDE (N20)
CAUSES OF GLOBAL
WARMING

5. It accounts for 50% of the green house
effect, has increased by 25% .
Carbon is emitted mainly by cars,
factories and wherever fossil fuel is used
Deforestation, which is a current
global environmental problem, removes
trees that would otherwise absorb the
carbon dioxide, thus increasing its release
into the atmosphere.
CARBON
DIOXIDE

6. Responsible for 15%-20% of the
greenhouse effect, has more than
doubled in the last two centuries
due to the burning of wood,
increasing areas of rice cultivation,
garbage, landfills, livestock,
manure, termite mounds, leakage
from natural gas exploration and
coal mining.
METHAN
E

7. (CFC’s) account for 15%-25%
opf the green house gases and are
released from refrigerators, air
conditioning units, aerosol sprays,
solvents in electronic products,
manufacture of foam insulation
material, electrical circuit board
cleaners, and styrofoam packaging
(Buchholz 1998).
CHLOROFLUOROCA
RBONS

8. A more powerful catalyst than
carbon dioxide, a single (CFC)
molecule traps 15,000 times more
heat than a CO2 molecule.
Although carbon dioxide is
more plentiful, it only stays in the
atmosphere for decades while a
chlorine molecule remains from 75
to 100 years.

9. The laughing gas formed
from the breakdown of
chemical fertilizers and
burning of coal, and
industrial processes,
accounts for 5% .
NITROUS
OXIDE

10. Are carbon monoxide,
ozone, the synthetic
compound halon, water
vapor and airborne
particles that could
radiate sunlight.
OTHER GREENHOUSE
COMPOUNDS

11. Are the environmental and social changes
caused (directly or indirectly) by human
emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a
scientific consensus that climate change is
occurring, and that human activities are
the primary driver.Many impacts of climate
change have already been observed,
including glacier retreat,changes in the
timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier
flowering of plants),and changes in
agricultural productivity.
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL
WARMING

12. As the atmosphere gets saturated with higher
levels of green house gases, surface temperatures
on the Earth are bound to increase. These gases
tend to absorb and retain more of sun’s heat
without allowing it to escape freely into the outer
space, causing the land, air and water to heat up.
This in turn speeds up evaporation of water from
the land and fresh water sources, leading to
frequent and severe drought conditions. High land
and air temperatures create intense heat
conditions.
1. Increased probability and intensity of
droughts and heat waves

13. Ice caps and glaciers that dominate the Arctic Pole have
started to melt at an alarming rate, submerging vast
expanse of land in the process. The melt down is also
simultaneously opening up access to vast deep sea oil
and gas deposits, including methane in the Tundra
region, endangering the Arctic marine ecosystem,
impacting shipping routes, and the cool water currents
that flow down to Europe and Africa. A tremendous
change is also observed in terms of the new land
revealed by melting ice, and variations in shore-lines,
leading to conflicting international interests in the
geographical terrain.
2. Polar ice caps
melting

14. Heat wave conditions and increasing land and air
temperature trigger faster evaporation of water,
eventually leading to cloud formation and
torrential downpours. Varying temperature
settings are bound to create flash floods other
than those occurring during the regular rainy
seasons. Research findings reveal that a two-
degree increase in global temperatures will
increase frequency of floods occurring in a
century, by up to 5 times.
3. More floods

15. De-forestation associated with farming and
construction of residential buildings bordering
forest land, sparse dry vegetation, combined
with drought and high temperatures, form an
ideal setting for wildfires which rage over
forests and bush lands for days together.
Instances of wildfires are expected to be on the
rise with the increase in heat wave conditions,
which are commonly associated with the
greenhouse effect. In the absence of green
cover, lightning induced fires are also expected
to be on the rise resulting in loss of human/wild
life and property.
4. Fires and
wildfires

16. Although there is no immediate danger of
volcanic disaster, a research carried out by a
team from University of Leeds, headed by Dr
Carolina Pagli, reveals that melting glaciers in
Iceland and other polar regions have reduced
the mass of the Arctic ice-cap, and hence the
pressure exerted by the ice on the land beneath
it. Absence of sufficient pressure, allows the
rock deep within the Earth’s surface, to melt
easily and the extra magma be thrown up
through the active volcanoes.
5. Increased volcanic
activity

17. is the warm phase of the El Niño
Southern Oscillation (commonly
called ENSO) and is associated with a
band of warm ocean water that
develops in the central and east-
central equatorial Pacific (between
approximately the International Date
Line and 120°W), including off the
Pacific coast of South America.
El
Niño

19. a cooling of the water in the
equatorial Pacific that occurs at
irregular intervals and is
associated with widespread
changes in weather patterns
complementary to those of El
Niño, but less extensive and
damaging in their effects.
LA Niña