2. WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?
INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING
INCLUDES LOGIC, ABSTRACT THOUGHT, UNDERSTANDING, SELF-
AWARENESS, COMMUNICATION, LEARNING, HAVING EMOTIONAL
KNOWLEDGE, RETAINING, PLANNING AND PROBLEM SOLVING.
IT ALSO VARIES WITH CULTURE, LIFE
SITUATION, ENVIRONMENT, CIRCUMSTANCES, ETC.
4. PSYCHOMETRIC TEST
CONCERNED WITH THE THEORY AND TECHNIQUE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL
MEASUREMENT
INCLUDES KNOWLEDGE, ABILITIES, ATTITUDES, PERSONALITY TRAITS, AND
EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT
5. INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT (I.Q.)
A SCORE DERIVED FROM ONE OF SEVERAL STANDARDIZED TESTS DESIGNED
TO ASSESS INTELLIGENCE.
NORMAL I.Q. IS 100 WITH STANDARD DEVIATION OF 15
APPROXIMATELY 95% OF THE POPULATION SCORES AN I.Q. BETWEEN 70~130
HTTP://WWW.MENSA.ORG/WORKOUT
6. ISSUES WITH STANDARDIZED TESTS
SUCH TESTS CAN NOT IDENTIFY DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE
PEOPLE INTERACTION
GENERATION DIFFERENCES
BETTER NUTRITION AND MORE EDUCATION HAS STEADILY IMPROVED I.Q. IN EACH
GENERATION
GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENT ARE NOT INCLUDED
DOES NOT CONSIDER DIFFERENT CULTURES
POTENTIAL DOOR TO DISCRIMINATION
7. GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENT
TWINS TEND TO HAVE SIMILAR I.Q.
HOWEVER, HERITABILITY OF I.Q. IS STILL BEING RESEARCHED AND DEBATABLE.
NO STRONG GENE EFFECT HAS BEEN FOUND.
FAMILY ENVIRONMENT FOR SIBLINGS MADE SMALL DIFFERENCES.
BOTH HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT CONTRIBUTE TO INTELLIGENCE BY
INTERACTION.
8. CULTURE
DIFFERENT CULTURE MAY HAVE DIFFERENT OPINIONS OF WHAT IS MORE
IMPORTANT
WESTERN CULTURE:
INTELLIGENCE IS VIEWED AS AN INDIVIDUALISTIC TOOL
EASTERN CULTURES:
INTELLIGENCE IS USED TO RECOGNIZE AND PLAY A SUCCESSFUL ROLE AS A MEMBERS
OF A COMMUNITY/SOCIETY
VALUE RESPECT FOR OTHERS
AFRICAN COMMUNITIES (WITHOUT WESTERN SCHOOLING)
VALUE CLEVERNESS AND RESPONSIBILITY
9. THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
PROPOSED BY HOWARD GARDNER IN 1983
GARDNER SUGGESTS THAT RATHER THAN A SINGLE INTELLIGENCE, THERE
ARE MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
STUDY INCLUDES “NORMAL” CHILDREN AND ADULTS BUT ALSO “GIFTED AND
SAVANTS”, PERSONS WITH BRAIN DAMAGE, EXPERTS AND DIVERSE CULTURES.
10. 7 CRITERIA FOR A BEHAVIOR TO BE
CONSIDERED AN INTELLIGENCE
1. POTENTIAL FOR BRAIN ISOLATION BY BRAIN DAMAGE
2. PLACE IN EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
3. PRESENCE OF CORE OPERATIONS
4. SUSCEPTIBILITY T ENCODING (SYMBOLIC EXPRESSION)
5. DISTINCT DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRESSION
6. EXISTENCE OF SAVANTS, PRODIGIES AND OTHER EXCEPTIONAL PEOPLE
7. SUPPORT FROM EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOMETRIC FINDINGS
12. MUSICAL – RHYTHMIC
CAPACITY TO DISCERN PITCH, RHYTHM, TIMBRE AND TONE
ENABLES US TO RECOGNIZE, CREATE, REPRODUCE AND REFLECT ON MUSIC
13. VISUAL – SPATIAL
ABILITY TO THINK IN THREE DIMENSIONS
MENTAL IMAGERY, SPATIAL REASONING, IMAGE MANIPULATION, GRAPHIC
AND ARTISTIC SKILLS, AND AN ACTIVE IMAGINATION
EXHIBITED IN SAILORS, PILOTS, SCULPTORS, PAINTERS, AND ARCHITECTS
14. VERBAL – LINGUISTIC
ABILITY TO THINK IN WORDS AND TO USE LANGUAGE TO EXPRESS AND
APPRECIATE COMPLEX MEANINGS
USEFUL FOR POETS, NOVELISTS, JOURNALISTS AND EFFECTIVE PUBLIC
SPEAKERS
15. LOGICAL – MATHEMATICAL
ABILITY TO CALCULATE, QUANTIFY, CONSIDER PROPOSITIONS AND
HYPOTHESES
ENABLES US TO USE ABSTRACT, SYMBOLIC THOUGHTS, SEQUENTIAL
REASONING SKILLS AND INDUCTIVE/DEDUCTIVE THINKING PATTERNS
USEFUL FOR MATHEMATICIANS, SCIENTISTS AND DETECTIVES
16. BODILY – KINESTHETIC
CAPACITY TO MANIPULATE OBJECTS AND USE A VARIETY OF PHYSICAL SKILLS
SENSE OF TIMING AND PERFECTION OF SKILLS THOUGHT MIND-BODY UNION
USEFUL FOR ATHLETES, DANCERS, SURGEONS, AND CRAFTSPEOPLE
17. INTERPERSONAL
ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND AND INTERACT EFFECTIVELY WITH OTHERS
INVOLVES EFFECTIVE VERBAL AND NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
ABILITY TO SENSE TO MOODS AND TEMPERAMENTS OF OTHERS
USEFUL FOR TEACHERS, SOCIAL WORKERS, ACTORS AND POLITICIANS
18. INTRAPERSONAL
CAPACITY TO UNDERSTAND ONESELF AND ONE’S THOUGHTS AND
FEELINGS, AND USING SUCH KNOWLEDGE IN PLANNING AND DIRECTING
ONE’S LIFE.
EVIDENT IN PSYCHOLOGISTS, SPIRITUAL LEADERS, AND PHILOSOPHERS
19. NATURALISTIC
HUMAN ABILITY TO DISCRIMINATE AMONG LIVING THINGS (PLANTS,
ANIMALS) AS WELL AS SENSITIVITY TO OTHER FEATURES OF NATURAL WORLD
(CLOUDS, ROCK)
IMPORTANT FOR HUNTERS, FARMERS, AND GATHERERS
21. GENIUS, GIFTED, PRODIGY, OR SAVANT?
GENIUS
SOMEONE OF EXTRAORDINARY ABILITY WHO, BY MANY PEOPLE AND OVER A
LONG PERIOD OF TIME, IS CONSIDERED TO HAVE CONTRIBUTED A GREAT DEAL IN
ANY FIELD AND TO HAVE BEEN OR BE OF GREAT INFLUENCE.
22. GENIUS, GIFTED, PRODIGY, OR SAVANT?
GIFTED
I.Q. SCORE AT OR ABOVE 98TH PERCENTILE OF THE ADULT POPULATION.
BUT SINGLE I.Q. SCORE IS NOT USED ALONE TO DETERMINE GIFTEDNESS.
24. GENIUS, GIFTED, PRODIGY, OR SAVANT?
SAVANT
RARE
PERSONS WITH VARIOUS DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES, INCLUDING AUTISTIC
DISORDER
EXCEPTIONAL ABILITY OR BRILLIANCE IN ONE OR FEW NARROW
SKILLS, CONTRAST TO THEIR OVERALL HANDICAP AND COMPARED TO OTHERS
WITHOUT THE HANDICAP.
25. MUSIC AND I.Q.
MUSICAL TRAINING IN CHILDHOOD HAS BEEN FOUND TO CORRELATE WITH
HIGHER THAN AVERAGE I.Q.
LISTENING TO CLASSICAL MUSIC REPORTEDLY INCREASES I.Q.
SPATIAL ABILITY
MOZART EFFECT
SHORT TERM EFFECT
26. HEALTH AND I.Q.
NEGATIVE FACTORS:
PREGNANCY AND CHILDHOOD
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
TOXINS
LEAD, MERCURY, ORGANOCHLORIDES
POOR NUTRITION
27. SOCIAL LIFE AND I.Q.
I.Q. IS A GOOD INDICATOR FOR SCHOOL AND JOB PERFORMANCE
NO SIGNIFICANT LINK TO WEALTH/INCOME
I.Q. BETWEEN 70-90 HAVE HIGHER CRIME RATE
BUT IT MAY ALSO RESULT FROM THE INFLUENCE OF DISADVANTAGES DUE TO
RACE, POVERTY, INCOME, ETC.
INTERESTING FACT:
AVERAGE I.Q. OF AN INDIVIDUAL WITH MD IS >125
28. OTHER CORRELATIONS
SOME BELIEVE HIGHER INTELLIGENCE IS LINKED WITH LOWER NUMBERS OF
SEXUAL PARTNERS
SELF REPORTED INTELLECTUALS HAS BEEN LINKED TO UNCONVENTIONAL
SEXUAL PRACTICES, FREQUENT SEXUAL ACTIVITY, THOUGHTS AND
FANTASIES
SOME STUDIES SHOW DIRECT LINK BETWEEN AN INCREASED BIRTH WEIGHT
AND HIGHER I.Q.
29. PREDICTING THE FUTURE
INTELLIGENCE DOES NOT ONLY PREDICT FUTURE SUCCESS
IT ALSO HELPS TO PREDICT:
GENERAL ABILITY TO FUNCTION IN THE SOCIETY
LIKELIHOOD OF GRADUATING FROM SCHOOL
IRRESPONSIBLENESS
SOCIAL CONNECTION
