This is a general presentation that is appropriate for anyone that is just learning concepts of semantic integration. This presentation covers some of the background concepts underlying semantics (Ogden\'s Semantic Triangle), lexical and conceptual mapping, metadata registries, metadata discovery and semantic thinking. Excellent for an introductory class in business semantics.

1. Patterns of Semantic Integration Riding the Next Wave April 2006 Dan McCreary President Dan McCreary & Associates [email_address] (952) 931-9198 Managed Metadata Solutions

7. 1970 Sci-Fi Classic: “The Forbin Project” A New Intersystem Language! Lesson: Before you take over the world you must exchange semantically precise metadata!

8. Moore’s Law Creative Commons 1.0 Courtesy of Ray Kurzweil and Kurzweil Technologies, Inc

11. Overlapping Terminology Data Warehouse Data Mining Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) Metadata Discovery Statistical Analysis Pattern Discovery Relational Database Metadata Semantic Web Business Semantics Data Dictionary HTML Web

12. Computer Science Is About Abstraction Time Level of Abstraction 10100101 Machine Language MOV R0, A1 BNE F32C Assembly Language DO I=1, 100 I=I+1 FORTRAN Proc(i1, i2, o1) Structured Programming Object-oriented Programming XML GUI

13. Person to Person Dialog Sound Words Concepts Sentences Conversation Problem Solving higher abstraction

14. Computer to Computer Dialog Internet XML Tags Documents/XML Schema Graphs/Ontologies/RDF/OWL Semantic Integration Agents You Are Here

15. Semantic Triangle Concept Referent Refers To Symbolizes Stands For “ cat” Physical Objects A pattern of neural activity in our brain Symbol Ogden, C. K., & Richards, I. A. (1923) The Meaning of Meaning “ katze” (German) “ gato” (Spanish)

17. The Problem of Semantic Ambiguity Did you say you were looking for mixed nuts ? context=food context=hardware People use context to derive the correct meaning.

18. 59 meanings of "run" "run" 18 noun "senses" 41 verb "senses" tally test footrace streak play … move fast scat go operate has form … "the kids ran to the store" "the Yankees scored a run in the bottom of the 9th" "The experiment ran for over an hour" "her run of luck was just starting" "she broke mile run record" "the football 3 rd down play was a run " "13 other noun meanings…" "I would run from a ticking bomb." "The path runs up the hill." "you need training to run this machine." "the movie plot runs like this." "36 other verb meanings…" Source: WordNet at http://wordnet.princeton.edu/ Context

19. Analogy: English Dictionary source: www.m-w.com Note: people use context to find the correct meaning. Term Metadata (data about data) Definitions

20. Word Senses “ run” tally test footrace streak play move fast scat go operate has form duration A single word maps To many concepts

23. Concept Linking Question: How can you tell if two concepts are the same if two systems don’t share the same symbol? Answer: If they have the same properties (and relationships) you can assume with reasonable probability they are the same concepts. symbol

30. Hypertext Links and Data Element Links The Semantic Web Metadata Registry A Metadata Registry B The semantic web is about linking conceptual data elements in published metadata registries The current HTML web is focused on linking published documents with HTML The Hypertext Web

32. Subject-Verb-Object Triple Person “ Joe ” Has-a-Given-Name The person is named “Joe”. <PersonGivenName> Joe </PersonGivenName>

33. Triples are Almost all URIs http://MyDictionay/DataElement/Person “ Dan” http://MyDictionay/DataElement/PersonGivenName URIs can point to a standard location in a metadata registry. The “type” of link.

36. Semantic Web Standards Stack Source: Tim Berners-Lee www.w3c.org http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Offices/Presentations/SemanticWeb/34.html URI/IRI Unicode XML Namespaces XML Query XML Schema RDF Model & Syntax Ontology (OWL) Rules/Query Logic Proof Trusted Semantic Web Signature Encryption

37. Example of Metadata Registry

38. Metaphor: The Translator Agent May I have a beer? Me gusteria una cerveza Customer (Spanish Only) Translation Service (Speaks Spanish and English) Internal Server (English Only) Coming right up!

40. Semantic Mappers and Semantic Brokers Report Request In Model A Gartner: Vocabulary-based transformation XMLA: XML for Analysis Metadata Translation Service XML Response In Model A TDS In Model B Metadata Registry Model A Model B M etadata Mappings RDF Queries XML Results Data Warehouse (RDBMS) SQL or XMLA Queries In Model B

48. Semantic Spectrum Time/Money High Semantic Clarity Strong Semantics Weak Semantics UML, XMI Taxonomies Ontologies Thesaurus RDF XML, XSLT See also: Wikipedia/semantic spectrum Glossaries OWL Controlled Vocabularies Word/HTML Concept Maps Enterprise Data Models

49. Structures for Increased Semantics HTML PDF Word PowerPoint Excel Access Server XML RDBMS RDF Taxonomies Ontologies SOA WSDL Increased Semantic Precision Source: Network Inference