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Ancient Greek Technology
The watermill, the first machine harnessing
natural forces (apart from the sail) and as such
holding a special place in the history of
technology, was invented by Greek engineers
sometime between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC.
Here a Roman gritsmit as described by Vitruvius.

Mining
The Greeks developed extensive silver mines at Laurim, the
profits from which helped support the growth of Athens as
a city-state Mining also helped to create currency by the
conversion of the metal into coinage.

Astrolabe
First used around 200 BC by astronomers in
Greece. Used to determine the altitude of
objects in the sky.

Italy

Architecture
Italian church architecture is equally
spectacular and historically important to
Western culture, notably St. Peter's
Basilica in Rome, Cathedral of St. Mark's in
Venice, and Brunelleschi's Florence
Cathedral, which includes the "Gates of
Paradise" doors at the Baptistery by
Lorenzo Ghiberti.

Leonardo da Vinci
A painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, military engineer
and draftsman — the epitome of a “Renaissance man. He
has been variously called the father of paleontology,
ichnology, and architecture, and is widely considered one
of the greatest painters of all time. Sometimes credited
with the inventions of the parachute, helicopter and tank,
he epitomised the Renaissance humanist ideal.

Winged flyingmachine (the aeroplane)
The first engineer to be credited with designs for
man-powered flight. The discoveries made during
countless dissections of bird and bat wings are
evident in the designs for the Ornithopter, a device
that flies by flapping winged appendages.

33 barreled cannon(the automatic weapon)
Leonardo was heavily preoccupied by the inadequacies
of contemporary warfare, frustrated particularly by the
time-lag between rounds of cannon fire, caused by the
necessity to reload. Leonardo devised a multi-barrelled
cannon that could be rotated to fire a line of cannons
whilst another was being reloaded: an early ancestor
of the modern day machine gun.

Helical aerial screw (the helicopter)
The Helical Aerial Screw, conceived by Leonardo in
1493, consisted of a spinning linen screw, designed
to compress air to induce flight: a mechanism
similar to that employed in contemporary
helicopters. Leonardo’s design is widely credited as
the vertical flight machine.

China

Kung fu
Chinese kung fu A series of fighting styles
which has developed over a long historical
period in China. It is regarded as a traditional
sport gaining more and more popularity and
even stands as a representative for Chinese
culture. Styles including Shaolin, Tai Chi and
Qigong have many followers worldwide.

Great wall of china
Series of fortifications, made of stone,
brick, tamped earth, wood, and other
materials, generally built along an east-to-
west line across the historical northern
borders of China to protect the Chinese
states and empires against the raids and
invasions of the various nomadic groups of
the Eurasian Steppe with an eye to
expansion.

Japan

Digital Age 1987-1997

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2007-2009

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Spain

Ferdinand Magellan
In search of fame and fortune, Portuguese explorer
Ferdinand Magellan (c. 1480-1521) set out from Spain
in 1519 with a fleet of five ships to discover a western
sea route to the Spice Islands. En route he discovered
what is now known as the Strait of Magellan and
became the first European to cross the Pacific Ocean.
The voyage was long and dangerous, and only one
ship returned home three years later.

Exploration and Conquest of the New World
Colonial expansion under the
Spanish Empire was initiated by the
Spanish conquistadors and
developed by the Monarchy of Spain
through its administrators and
missionaries. The motivations for
colonial expansion were trade and
the spread of the Christian faith
through indigenous conversions.

America

Christopher Columbus
Discovers America, 1492. Columbus led his three ships - the
Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria - out of the Spanish port
of Palos on August 3, 1492. His objective was to sail west
until he reached Asia (the Indies) where the riches of gold,
pearls and spice awaited.
He was determined to find a direct water route west from
Europe to Asia, but he never did. Instead, he accidentally
stumbled upon the Americas. Though he did not really
“discover” the New World—millions of people already lived
there—his journeys marked the beginning of centuries of
transatlantic conquest and colonization.

Benjamin franklin
Invented the first lightning rod. The
lightning rod was built to attract
electricity to his house. The lightning rods
were attached to a system of bells that
would ring throughout his house each
time electricity had been attracted. The
sparks produced would illuminate the
house. Franklin’s experiments helped the
evolution of the common battery we use
today.

Germany

World war I
On July 28, 1914, one month to the day after
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his
wife were killed by a Serbian nationalist in
Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary declares war on
Serbia, effectively beginning the First World
War. Austria-Hungary was an ally of
Germany. Russia was an ally of Serbia and it
mobilized its army when Austria-Hungary
declared war. It said it was mobilizing
against Austria-Hungary only and not
Germany, but Germany declared war on
Russia anyway. It was ostensibly entering
the war because Austria-Hungary was its ally
and Austria-Hungary was at war with Serbia
and being threatened by Russia.

World war II
The instability created in Europe by the
First World War (1914-18) set the stage
for another international conflict–World
War II–which broke out two decades later
and would prove even more devastating.
Rising to power in an economically and
politically unstable Germany, Adolf Hitler
and his National Socialist (Nazi Party)
rearmed the nation and signed strategic
treaties with Italy and Japan to further
his ambitions of world domination