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Stomodeum
Buccopharyngeal
membrane
Proctodeum
Cloacal
membrane
Fore-gut
Mid-gut
Hind-gut
Pre-Laryngeal
(Cephalic part)
Post-Laryngeal
(Caudal part)
GUT TUBE
Pharynx and
Part of definitive
Mouth cavity
Skin ectoderm
Parotid gland
4th
week of IUL
Ectodermal
furrow
The salivary glands arise as buds from
The epithelial lining of the mouth; the
parotid appears during the fourth week
In the angle between the maxillary
process and the mandibular arch
Opening of parotid duct indicates
position of angle of primitive mouth
Sternomastoid
Ramus of mandible
Parotid region
Ext. acoustic
meatus
Salivary Glands :
3 paired – Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Scattered
- Tongue
Palate
Cheeks
Lips
Function :
Chewing
Swallowing
Saliva (Digestion
by Enzymes)
Serous & Mucinous
Parotid gland:
Largest saliv. Gland
Wt. 15 gms
Serous secretion
Capsule – True – condensation of fibrous stroma of gland
False - investing deep fascia
Superficial thick – adherent to gland
Deep – thin – attached to styloid process
forms – stylomandibular Lig.
(separates parotid from
submandibular sal. gland.
Parotid – 3 sided pyramid
Apex
Superior
surface
(Base)
Superficial
surface
Antero-m
edial
surface
Postero-m
edial
surface
Anterior border
Posterior border
Medial border
Presenting parts
01. Apex
02. Base
03. Superficial (lateral) surface
04. Antero-medial surface
05. Postero-medial surface
1. Apex
Overlaps post. Belly of digastric
appears in carotid triangle
Structures passing thro’
01. Cervical branch of facial nerve
02. Ant. division of retro-mandibular vein
03. Formation of ext. jug. vein
2. Base
Concave related to;
Ext. acoustic meatus
Post. Part of TM joint
Structures passing thro’
01. Temp. br. Of facial nerve
02. Sup. Temp. vessels
03. Auriculo-temp. nerve
3. Antero-medial surface
Deeply grooved by ramus of mandible;
Relations:
01. Post. Inf. Part of masseter
02. Post. Border of ramus of mandible
03. Med. Pterygoid muscle insertion
04. Outer lip – branches of facial nerve
05. Inner lip - Maxillary art. Medial to
neck of mandible
01
03
02
05
05
3. Postero - medial surface
Extensive
Relations:
• Mastoid process with Sternomastoid
Post. Belly of digastric
02. Styloid process with muscles
03. Transverse process of atlas and
Rectus capitis lateralis
04. Deep to styloid – Int. carotid
- Int. Jug. Vein
in between
9, 10, 11, 12 cr. nerves
05. Facial nerve after emerging from
SM foramen pierces the gland
06. Ext. carotid first lodges in groove then
pierces the gland
1. Anterior border
From above downwards:
01. Zygomatic br. of facial nerve
02. Transverse facial vessels
03. Upper buccal br. of facial nerve
04. Acc. Parotid gland
& duct if present
05. Parotid duct
06. Lower buccal br. of
facial nerve
07. Marginal mandibular br.
of facial nerve
2. Posterior border
Rests on masseter
01. Post. Auricular br of facial nerve
02. Post. Auricular vessels
Parotid duct (stensen’s duct)
5 cms long,
starts at mid point of ant. Border
Runs on masseter,
opens opp. crown of upper 2nd
Molar
Sup: Upper buccal br. of facial,
Transverse facial vessels.
Inf: Lower buccal br. of facial
Pierces:1.Buccal pad of fat,
2. Buccopharyngeal fascia
3. Buccinator
Parotid duct
Surface marking
Branching of facial nerve
(Radiate like goose’s foot – Pes anserinus)
Emerges from SM foramen
Pierces post. Medial surface
Lies superficial to Retromeandibualr vein &
Ext. carotid art.
Divides into 1. Temporo faicial trunk - Temporal
Zygomatic
2. Cervico facial trunk - Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
Processes of the parotid gland:
01. Facial process - Superficial to masseter along parotid duct
02. Acc. Parotid gland and duct if present
03. Pterygoid process – Bet’ mandibular ramus and ptrygoid muscle
04. Glenoid process - Bet. Ext meatus and capsule of TM joint
05. Pre and post styloid processes
in front related to int. carotid
behind related to int. Jug. Vein
Structures passing through parotid
1. Facial nerve
2. Retromandibular vein
3. External carotid
Blood supply
Arterial – branches of ext. carotid
Veins - to ext. jugular vein
Nerve supply – Secretomotor from both Parasympathetic – Serous
Inf. Salivatory nucleus - medulla
(auriculo temporal)
Sympathetic - Mucinous
Sup. Cerv. ganglion
(Ext. carotid art.)
Vasomotor
Applied anatomy
Parotitis – ext capsule adherent – more painful
Parotid abscess – horizontal incision
Mixed parotid tumor – facial nerve not involved
Frey’s syndrome – Penetrating wounds
secretomotor fibres of auriculotemporal
join with
great auricular
perspiration of skin covering parotid during
eating

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Parotid salivary gland

  • 1.
  • 2. Stomodeum Buccopharyngeal membrane Proctodeum Cloacal membrane Fore-gut Mid-gut Hind-gut Pre-Laryngeal (Cephalic part) Post-Laryngeal (Caudal part) GUT TUBE Pharynx and Part of definitive Mouth cavity Skin ectoderm Parotid gland 4th week of IUL Ectodermal furrow
  • 3. The salivary glands arise as buds from The epithelial lining of the mouth; the parotid appears during the fourth week In the angle between the maxillary process and the mandibular arch Opening of parotid duct indicates position of angle of primitive mouth
  • 4. Sternomastoid Ramus of mandible Parotid region Ext. acoustic meatus
  • 5. Salivary Glands : 3 paired – Parotid Submandibular Sublingual Scattered - Tongue Palate Cheeks Lips Function : Chewing Swallowing Saliva (Digestion by Enzymes) Serous & Mucinous
  • 6. Parotid gland: Largest saliv. Gland Wt. 15 gms Serous secretion Capsule – True – condensation of fibrous stroma of gland False - investing deep fascia Superficial thick – adherent to gland Deep – thin – attached to styloid process forms – stylomandibular Lig. (separates parotid from submandibular sal. gland.
  • 7. Parotid – 3 sided pyramid Apex Superior surface (Base) Superficial surface Antero-m edial surface Postero-m edial surface Anterior border Posterior border Medial border
  • 8. Presenting parts 01. Apex 02. Base 03. Superficial (lateral) surface 04. Antero-medial surface 05. Postero-medial surface
  • 9. 1. Apex Overlaps post. Belly of digastric appears in carotid triangle Structures passing thro’ 01. Cervical branch of facial nerve 02. Ant. division of retro-mandibular vein 03. Formation of ext. jug. vein
  • 10. 2. Base Concave related to; Ext. acoustic meatus Post. Part of TM joint Structures passing thro’ 01. Temp. br. Of facial nerve 02. Sup. Temp. vessels 03. Auriculo-temp. nerve
  • 11. 3. Antero-medial surface Deeply grooved by ramus of mandible; Relations: 01. Post. Inf. Part of masseter 02. Post. Border of ramus of mandible 03. Med. Pterygoid muscle insertion 04. Outer lip – branches of facial nerve 05. Inner lip - Maxillary art. Medial to neck of mandible 01 03 02 05 05
  • 12. 3. Postero - medial surface Extensive Relations: • Mastoid process with Sternomastoid Post. Belly of digastric 02. Styloid process with muscles 03. Transverse process of atlas and Rectus capitis lateralis 04. Deep to styloid – Int. carotid - Int. Jug. Vein in between 9, 10, 11, 12 cr. nerves 05. Facial nerve after emerging from SM foramen pierces the gland 06. Ext. carotid first lodges in groove then pierces the gland
  • 13. 1. Anterior border From above downwards: 01. Zygomatic br. of facial nerve 02. Transverse facial vessels 03. Upper buccal br. of facial nerve 04. Acc. Parotid gland & duct if present 05. Parotid duct 06. Lower buccal br. of facial nerve 07. Marginal mandibular br. of facial nerve 2. Posterior border Rests on masseter 01. Post. Auricular br of facial nerve 02. Post. Auricular vessels
  • 14. Parotid duct (stensen’s duct) 5 cms long, starts at mid point of ant. Border Runs on masseter, opens opp. crown of upper 2nd Molar Sup: Upper buccal br. of facial, Transverse facial vessels. Inf: Lower buccal br. of facial Pierces:1.Buccal pad of fat, 2. Buccopharyngeal fascia 3. Buccinator
  • 15.
  • 17. Branching of facial nerve (Radiate like goose’s foot – Pes anserinus) Emerges from SM foramen Pierces post. Medial surface Lies superficial to Retromeandibualr vein & Ext. carotid art. Divides into 1. Temporo faicial trunk - Temporal Zygomatic 2. Cervico facial trunk - Buccal Marginal mandibular Cervical
  • 18. Processes of the parotid gland: 01. Facial process - Superficial to masseter along parotid duct 02. Acc. Parotid gland and duct if present 03. Pterygoid process – Bet’ mandibular ramus and ptrygoid muscle 04. Glenoid process - Bet. Ext meatus and capsule of TM joint 05. Pre and post styloid processes in front related to int. carotid behind related to int. Jug. Vein
  • 19. Structures passing through parotid 1. Facial nerve 2. Retromandibular vein 3. External carotid
  • 20. Blood supply Arterial – branches of ext. carotid Veins - to ext. jugular vein Nerve supply – Secretomotor from both Parasympathetic – Serous Inf. Salivatory nucleus - medulla (auriculo temporal) Sympathetic - Mucinous Sup. Cerv. ganglion (Ext. carotid art.) Vasomotor
  • 21. Applied anatomy Parotitis – ext capsule adherent – more painful Parotid abscess – horizontal incision Mixed parotid tumor – facial nerve not involved Frey’s syndrome – Penetrating wounds secretomotor fibres of auriculotemporal join with great auricular perspiration of skin covering parotid during eating