1. AKHIL.D.S
S1 MBA
C.H.M.M COLLEGE
CHAVARCODE,VARKALA

2.  Power may be defined as the capacity to excert
influence over others
 The capacity that A has to influence the behavior of
B so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes
 Function of dependence
D.S

3. LEADERSHIP
 Focuses on goal
achievement
 Requires goal
compatibility with
followers
 Focuses influence
downward
POWER
 Used as a means for
achieving goals
 Requires follower
dependency
 Used to gain lateral and
upward influence
D.S

4. Formal Power
Is established by an individual’s position in an
organization; conveys the ability to coerce or reward,
from formal authority, or from control of information
 Coercive Power
A power base dependent on fear
D.S

5.  Reward Power
Compliance achieved based on the ability to
distribute rewards that others view as valuable
 Legitimate Power
The power a person receives as a result of his or her
position in the formal hierarchy of an organization
D.S

6.  Personal Power
 Expert Power
Influence based on special skills or knowledge
 Referent Power
Influence based on possession by an individual of
desirable resources or personal traits
D.S

7.  The freedom and the ability of employees to make
decisions and commitments.
 Managers disagree over definition of
empowerment.
D.S

8.  There must be a clear definition of the values and
mission of the company.
 Company must help employees acquire the relevant
skills.
 Employees need to be supported in their decision
making, and not criticized when they try to do
something extraordinary.
 Employees need to be recognized for their efforts.
D.S

9.  The General Dependency Postulate
 The greater B’s dependency on A, the greater the
power A has over B
 Possession/control of scarce organizational
resources that others need makes a manager
powerful
 Access to optional resources (e.g., multiple
suppliers) reduces the resource holder’s power
D.S

10.  What Creates Dependency
 Importance
 The things you control must be important.
 Scarcity
 A resource must be perceived as scarce.
 Nonsubstitutability
 The resource cannot be substituted with
something else.
D.S

11. D.S

12.  PowerTactics
Ways in which individuals
translate power bases into
specific actions
InfluenceTactics
• Legitimacy
• Rational persuasion
• Inspirational appeals
• Consultation
• Exchange
• Personal appeals
• Ingratiation
• Pressure
• Coalitions
D.S

13. • Legitimacy :Relaying on your authority position or
saying a request accords with organizational policies or
rules
• Rational persuasion : Presenting logical arguments
and factual evidence to demonstrate a request is
reasonable
• Inspirational appeals : Developing emotional
commitment by appealing to a target’s values,
needs,hopes and aspiration
• Consultation :Increase in taget support by involving
him/her in deciding how you will accomplish your plan
D.S

14. • Exchange :Rewarding the target with benefits or favors in exchange for
following a request
• Personal appeals :Asking for compliance based on the friendship or loyalty
• Ingratiation : : using flattery , praise, or friendly behavior prior to
making a request
• Presure : Using warnings , repeated demands and threats
• Coalitions : : Enlisting the aid or support of others to persuade the target
to agree
D.S

15. UPWARD INFLUENCE DOWNWARD INFLUENCE LATERAL INFLUENCE
Rational persuasion Rational persuasion Rational persuasion
Inspirational appeals Consultation
Pressure Ingratiation
Consultation Exchange
Ingratiation Legitimacy
Exchange Personal appeals
Legitimacy Coalitions
D.S

16. Sexual Harassment
 Unwelcome advances, requests for sexual favors,
and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual
nature
 Act, 2013 ("Sexual Harassment Act") has been
made effective on April 23, 2013 by way of
publication in the Gazette of India.

17.  Make sure a policy against it is in place.
 Ensure that employees will not encounter
retaliation if they file a complaint.
 Investigate every complaint and include the human
resource and legal departments.
 Make sure offenders are disciplined or terminated.
 Set up in-house seminars and training.
D.S

18. D.S
D.S

19. D.S
D.S