1. A Talk By
Dalip Singh, President, AEE Delhi
On 7 Oct 2016 at Skyline Institute, Greater Noida

2.  Like any management process, the fundamental activities of
planning, organizing, executing, monitoring and controlling are
involved in the process of energy management
 It is a structured process for optimize energy performance
 Integrated with enterprise/organization management so that all
management processes from procurement to operations to
maintenance have optimal energy performance efficiency
 How the energy using capital is selected, procured, deployed
and operated & maintained is revealed through an energy audit
 Defining, measuring and reporting energy performance metrics
or indicators (EnPI) is essence of EM. EnPI can be in terms of the
energy consumed per unit of production/utilization or it can be
in terms of the production/utilization per unit energy.

3. Energy Efficiency (EE)
◦ Energy efficiency signifies
the conversion efficiency of
an appliance or equipment
or system to convert energy
from one form to another.
High efficiency means less
energy for same function.
◦ Motors, transformers, lamps,
pumps, fans etc. have their
energy efficiencies
Energy Conservation (EC)
 Energy conservation signifies
actions that result in the using
less energy for same function.
 Scheduling switching ON/OFF
of loads or dimming lights are
some example of EC
 Using daylight during the day
instead of switching electric
light is another example of EC.

4.  Reduces energy consumption and cost
 Reduces environmental impact (CO2) of energy
 Improves comfort and safety at less cost
 Makes out economy stronger
 Increases our national energy security
 Addresses power deficit scenario

5.  EE is not visible to end users and procurers
 EE metrics are neither known nor measured
 Limited awareness of the value added by EE
 Energy bill is treated as routine & inescapable
 Scarce investment capital
 Unfavourable perception of risk
 Limited staff and know-how on EE measures
 Fragmented and under-developed markets

6. International standard ISO 50001-2011 defines an EnMS
as a set of interrelated/interacting elements to
establish energy policy, energy objectives and
procedures to achieve those objectives
Note:
 Energy Policy
 Energy Review
 Energy Objectives
 Procedure to achieve the objectives
 Energy Performance Metrics are defined and
monitored to demonstrate efficiency improvement

8. Following data are generally required
 Area and details of Facility/Plant Building
 Utility Billing Data
 Utility Interval Data
 Utility Tariff & Rules
 Production Figures
 Process Flow Chart
 Operating Schedules
 Monitoring and control systems
 Rated Power(KW/HP) of major equipment
 Measured Data with portable instruments for individual
systems/equipment/process
 Financial Data

9. THE Essential Requirement
of
Continual Improvement
in EnMS and Energy performance
is demonstrated by ensuring to incorporate:-
 Proper Measurement and monitoring Systems
 Proper Documentation Management System

10.  See next slides

11.  First step in energy management
 Evaluating energy performance at
 Sources: utility, DG/NG set, solar/RE
 Streams: Water, Air, Gases, Electricity, Steam
 Systems: Lighting, HVAC, Pumping, Motors etc.
 End Uses: Lights, Appliances, Equipment etc.
 Wastages: Process wastages, heat dissipation etc.
 Spotting opportunities for improvement
 Detailed engineering for implementation of
efficiency/performance improvement measures

12.  Walk Through Visits
 Data acquisition from records/documents
 Data acquisition from installed instruments
 Data acquisition by measurements with
portable instruments/meters
 Analysis of data acquired to calculate EnPIs
Note: Variety of instruments are used for assessment of
performance of various forms of energy & energy-systems

17.  European Standard EN16247 with following editions:-
 EN16247-1: 2012 - Energy audits. General requirements
 EN16247-2: 2014 - Energy audits. Buildings
 EN16247-3: 2014 - Energy audits. Processes
 EN16247-4: 2014 - Energy audits. Transport
 EN16247-5: 2015 - Energy audits. Competence of auditors
 International Standard ISO 50002
It covers all aspects as listed in EN 16247

18. 
 ISO 50003:2014 Energy management systems -Requirements for bodies
providing audit and certification of energy management systems
 It specifies requirements for competence, consistency and impartiality in the auditing of
energy systems and EnMS certification as well as the duration of audits and multi-site
sampling.

 ISO 50004:2014 Energy management systems- Guidance for implementation,
maintenance and improvement of an energy management system (EnMS)
 It provides practical guidance and examples for establishing, implementing, maintaining and
improving an EnMS in accordance with the systematic approach of ISO 50001.

 ISO 50006:2014 Energy management systems -- Measuring energy performance
using energy baselines (EnB) and energy performance indicators (EnPI) --
General principles and guidance
 It provides guidance to organizations on how to establish, use and maintain the energy
performance indicators (EnPIs) and energy baselines (EnBs) as part of the process of
measuring energy performance.

19.  American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM) is
international professional body on standards
 ASTM Standard E2797 standardises collection and
reporting of energy consumption info for buildings
 It facilitates benchmarking of energy consumption
 The data includes both energy consumption & cost
 The data provides building’s energy efficiency score
that helps buyers of buildings in price assessment

20.  Evaluate performance of whole facility and
different processes/systems/sectors/eqpt
 Determine performance metric (EnPI) and
compare with benchmark values
 Keep abreast with latest technologies in the
functional domains and note the latest trends
 List out the improvement measures
 Carry out economic analysis
 ISO 50001 and Lean Production Techniques like Six
Sigma, Kaizen, TQM etc. provide systematic
procedure for energy performance evaluation and
setting objectives for performance improvement

21.  You cannot manage what you don’t measure
 Energy info in monthly bills is about past
 Real time energy actionable energy info for the
whole facility and sub systems is must.
 The energy info contained in the energy meter
is limited and inconvenient to access
 Customised web based energy info systems for
the whole facility and sub systems are essential
for effective energy management and savings

22.  It is a high grade energy i.e. amenable to control
 It serves mainly following three uses:-
1. Heating
2. Lighting
3. Motion
 Other applications like air conditioning/cooling
etc. are derived from above three apps only

23.  Electric power generation delicensed
 License for transmission, distribution and trading
 Central Electricity Authority
 Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC)
 State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs)
 Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (APTEL)
 Distribution Companies (DISCOs) to follow tariff
approved by SERCs in billing the consumers
 Consumer Grievance Forum

24.  Section 61(c) of EA 2003 requires the regulators to be
guided by the factors like efficiency and economical use of
resources in determination of tariff.
 Section 62 (3) empowers regulators to differentiate tariffs
based on the consumer's load factor, power factor, total
consumption or time of supply.
 Section 8.4.1 of Tariff Policy dated 6Jan 2006 stresses
on adoption of dual tariff an time differentiated rates of
energy to enable flattening of peak demands and
implementing energy conservation measures.

25.  Fixed Charges for demand
 Variable Charges for energy consumed
 Incentives for better reactive power management

26.  Contacted Demand
 Recorded Demand
 Billable demand
Note: Various SERCs have defined billable demand in
different ways. Some SECRs consider contracted
demand as the billable while some SERCs lay down a
limit of 70-90% of contracted demand as the billable
demand, if actual demand is below this level.

27.  Metering of energy drawn
 Per KWh
 Per KVAh
 TOD/TOU charges

28.  Reactive Power is an essential evil in AC power
supply systems
 High PF is desirable for DISCOM & consumers
 High PF is achieved by reactive power mgmt
 Rebate for high PF in tariff is direct incentive
 Energy billing in KVAh is indirect incentive

29.  Interval data recording at intervals of 15 or 30 min
 The demand recorded in the interval having
sharpest peak in the month considered to indicate
monthly demand
 Uniform demand implies higher load factor while
fluctuating demand with sharp peaks results in low
load factor (LF)

30.  LT Consumer Categories: LMV-1 to LMV-10
 LMV-1: Domestic Consumers
 LMV-2: Non Domestic Consumers
 LMV-3: Public Lamps (Street Lights)
 LMV-4: Public & Pvt Institutions
 LMV-5: Pvt Tubewells/Pumps for Irrigation
 LMV-6: Small & Medium Power for industry
 LMV-7: Public Water Works
 LMV-8: State Tubewells and canal Pumps
 LMV-9: Temporary Supply
 LMV-10: Departmental Employees and Pensioners

31.  HT Consumer Categories: HV-1 to HV-4
 HV-1: Non industrial bulk loads
 HV-2: Industrial bulk loads (large/heavy power)
 HV-3: Railway Traction
 HV-4: Lift Irrigation
Note: HV-1 includes all commercial consumers such as
Shopping plaza, hospitals, hotels, institutions though
separate tariff are given for pvt and public institutions

32.  Demand charges@Rs270 before Sep 2015 and @Rs360/KVA of
billable demand/month wef Sep 2016
 Energy charges@R6.95 before Sep 206 and Rs7.60/KVAh upto
2500 KVAh/month and @Rs7.95/KVAh above 2500KVAh/month
from Sep 2016
 Excess demand charges@200% of normal demand charges for
the excess KVA besides the normal charge for billable demand
i.e. actual recorded demand
 Duties like electricity duty, regulatory charges, FPPCA etc.
 Note: Billable demand is 75% of contracted demand or
actual recorded demand whichever is higher.

33. Description of Parameter Value
Contracted Demand (KVA) 410
Recorded demand (KVA) 667.6KVA
Billable demand (KVA) 667.6
Excess demand for penal charge 257.6
Energy consumption in KVAh 82820
Tariff Rate of normal demand charge per KVA 270
Normal demand charge for 667.6KVA as per tariff 180225
Rate of excess demand charge (200% of normal) 540
Penal demand charge for 257.6KVA 139104
Total demand charge as per tariff rates 319329
Total demand charge as per bill 370864
Discrepancy/Error in demand charge (+Rs) 51535
Rate of energy charge per KVAh 6.95
Total energy charge for 82820 KVAh as per tariff 575599
Total energy charge for 82820 KVAh as per bill 615235
Discrepancy/Error in energy charge (+Rs) 39636
Total Billing discrepancy/error (+Rs) 91171

35. Important Inferences
 Bill Amount=Rs9.85Lakh
 Energy=82820KVAh
 Effective Rate=Rs11.88 (Very high)
 Reason=Penal demand charges+Errors
 Determine Energy Use Index (EUI)=KWh.SqM
 Compare with benchmark values

36.  Rectification of billing errors
 Demand Management to avoid penal charge
 PFC from 0.94 to 0.99 to reduce energy charges
 System and End Use Optimization of energy to
reduce energy consumption and cost
 Behind the Meter (BTM) Project for solar plant with
storage batteries to bring down demand (KVA) and
to reduce energy charges in NPCL Bill
 Provision of web based energy info system (EIS) to
monitor energy performance at all times

37. For Student Community
 Employability and its Erosion
For Global Community
 Depleting natural resources
 Climate change due to GHG emissions
 Increasing pollution in air and water
 Increasing contamination in grains, vegetables & fruits
Opportunities
 Employable skills and Tech trends
 Energy management including use of RE
 New Tech and Apps for energy management
 New treatment technologies for pollution
 Organic food practices
 Electric vehicles
 Smart cities and smart grid
 Solar cities

38.  Contemporary subject addressing global issues
relating to sustainability-Paris climate Pact
 Self-paying
 Growing field
 Exciting developments
 Notes
 It is still less known
 Employability is as poor as other Engg disciplines

39. Dalip Singh, CEO
India EnMS Consulting Pvt Ltd
601, Tradex Tower-2, ACB, Alpha-I
Greater Noida-201306(UP) India
www.indiaenergy-manage.com
indiaenmsconsulting@gmail.com
dschahar@gmail.com
01204291324
09350846853